INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ORGANIC MOLECULES Organic means

  • Slides: 17
Download presentation
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC MOLECULES § Organic means: “contains carbon” § 90% of all known compounds are

ORGANIC MOLECULES § Organic means: “contains carbon” § 90% of all known compounds are organic

ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC MOLECULES § There are six elements that are most common in

ELEMENTS IN ORGANIC MOLECULES § There are six elements that are most common in organic molecules: § Carbon (C) § Hydrogen (H) § Oxygen (O) § Nitrogen (N) § Phosphorus (P) § Sulfur (S) CHONPS (Like CHOMPS, but with an N!)

CARBON § Carbon can form covalent bonds with 4 other atoms. § Because Carbon

CARBON § Carbon can form covalent bonds with 4 other atoms. § Because Carbon can bond with four other atoms, Carbon can help make many different structures. This helps to ensure diversity of life on earth! H H C H H

COVALENT BONDS § In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons § They are the strongest

COVALENT BONDS § In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons § They are the strongest type of chemical bond § Atoms can share one, two or three electrons.

TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS § Share one electron: Single bond C-C § Share two

TYPES OF COVALENT BONDS § Share one electron: Single bond C-C § Share two electrons: Double bond C=C § Share three electrons: Triple bond CΞ C

WHAT ARE ATOMS? § Atoms: (smallest piece of a certain element): Carbon Atom Oxygen

WHAT ARE ATOMS? § Atoms: (smallest piece of a certain element): Carbon Atom Oxygen Atom

PUTTING ATOMS TOGETHER MAKES MOLECULES § Molecules: A combination of atoms § Example: Carbon

PUTTING ATOMS TOGETHER MAKES MOLECULES § Molecules: A combination of atoms § Example: Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) § How many atoms of Carbon does CO 2 have?

DIFFERENT WAYS OF VISUALIZING (DRAWING) MOLECULES: Example: Water Remember: In covalent bonds, atoms share

DIFFERENT WAYS OF VISUALIZING (DRAWING) MOLECULES: Example: Water Remember: In covalent bonds, atoms share electrons. This holds each atom together.

THE FOUR MOST COMMON TYPES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES § Carbohydrates: such as sugar and

THE FOUR MOST COMMON TYPES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES § Carbohydrates: such as sugar and pasta § Lipids: such as butter and olive oil § Proteins: such as meat, nuts and soy § Nucleic Acids: such as DNA

EXAMPLES: CARBOHYDRATES Sucrose

EXAMPLES: CARBOHYDRATES Sucrose

EXAMPLES: LIPIDS Fatty Acids Triglyceride Cholesterol

EXAMPLES: LIPIDS Fatty Acids Triglyceride Cholesterol

EXAMPLES: PROTEINS Amino Acids Hemoglobin (a protein)

EXAMPLES: PROTEINS Amino Acids Hemoglobin (a protein)

EXAMPLES: NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleotides DNA

EXAMPLES: NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleotides DNA

HOW TO REMEMBER STRUCTURES § Carbohydrates: § Have a 5 -Carbon ring form, or

HOW TO REMEMBER STRUCTURES § Carbohydrates: § Have a 5 -Carbon ring form, or often have many rings joined in a line (or branching from each other) by an oxygen molecule § Lipids: § Have long hydrocarbon chains (chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms), and steroids have rings joined at the side.

HOW TO REMEMBER STRUCTURES…continued § Proteins: Carbon atom with four “groups” coming off of

HOW TO REMEMBER STRUCTURES…continued § Proteins: Carbon atom with four “groups” coming off of it: § 1) COO- 2) H 3)H 3 N 4) random § Or, the molecule is made of many of these Carbon atom groups joined together and looks “globular” § Nucleic Acids: single 6 -Carbon ring structures, or a 6 -C ring fused to a 5 -C ring. Many of these joined together

Organic Molecules Organic Molecules Organic molecules are thoseOrganic Molecules Organic Molecules Organic molecules are those
Carbon and Organic Molecules Organic Molecules Organic moleculesCarbon and Organic Molecules Organic Molecules Organic molecules
ORGANIC MOLECULES Macromoleculeslarge molecules Organic Molecules l FoundORGANIC MOLECULES Macromoleculeslarge molecules Organic Molecules l Found
Organic chemistry Introduction to organic chemistry Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry Introduction to organic chemistry Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry Practical organic chemistry introduction Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry Practical organic chemistry introduction Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic means living HydrocarbonsOrganic chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic means living Hydrocarbons
ORGANIC MOLECULES Organic Molecules Organic contains carbon livingORGANIC MOLECULES Organic Molecules Organic contains carbon living
Organic Molecules AKA Macromolecules Organic Molecules Organic MoleculeOrganic Molecules AKA Macromolecules Organic Molecules Organic Molecule
Organic Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Organic chemistryOrganic Chemistry Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry
Chapter 15 Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistryChapter 15 Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry What is organic chemistry Organic chemistryOrganic Chemistry What is organic chemistry Organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry Carbon Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry isOrganic Chemistry Carbon Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is
Organic Chemistry What is organic chemistry Organic chemistryOrganic Chemistry What is organic chemistry Organic chemistry
Organic pharmaceutical chemistry Organic chemistry Organic chemistry isOrganic pharmaceutical chemistry Organic chemistry Organic chemistry is
Organic and Biological Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistryOrganic and Biological Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry
Organic Chemistry What Is Organic Chemistry Organic chemistryOrganic Chemistry What Is Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry