ORGANIC MOLECULES Organic Molecules Organic contains carbon living
ORGANIC MOLECULES
Organic Molecules • Organic: contains carbon, living or once living • Carbon: Important element in living things All living things contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen (N) These elements join together in different ways to form macromolecules Polymers made of subunits called monomers.
Carbohydrates
CARBOHYDRATES • • • ELEMENTS: C H O BUILDING BLOCKS (SUBUNITS): monosaccharides (glucose, simple sugars) FUNCTIONS: 1. preferred energy source - glucose(short term) OR glycogen(long term) 2. storage material – starch in plants glycogen in animals 3. structural materialcellulose - plant cell wall chitin - fungus cell wall, insect exoskeleton SOURCES: Honey, candy, spaghetti, rice, potato, bread End in ose
More Carbohydrates • MONOsaccharide: single sugar unit C 6 H 12 O 6 -glucose • DIsaccharide: double sugar unit C 12 H 22 O 11 -sucrose • POLYsaccharide: many glucose units (C 12 H 10 O 5)n -cellulose, glycogen, starch
Lipids
LIPIDS • ELEMENTS: C H O • Amount H huge compared to O • BUILDING BLOCKS (SUBUNITS): fatty acids and glycerol (Shaped like an E) • FUNCTIONS: 1. long term energy source and storage 2. insulation 3. water proofing 4. plasma membrane • SOURCES: butter, fried foods, bacon fat
More About Lipids • Room temperature: fats-solid, oil-liquid • Insoluble (doesn’t mix with water) • Saturated fats: contain saturated fatty acids with single carbon bonds. Not good for you, solid. • Unsaturated fats: contain double carbon bond(s). Good for you, liquid. • Waxes • Phospholipids • Steroids: cholesterol
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
Biomolecule Foldable Front cover: • Name of biomolecule • Basic structural drawing (polymer) Within each section include: • Name of biomolecule again • Name of monomer(s) • Chemical components (what elements? ) • Function within us • Examples • Additional special properties Back: • Your name and class block Things to remember: • Be sure to organize your information in a way that you can use it. • Basic structures for both the monomer and the polymer are needed. • Neatness matters
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