Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy CH 12 Leroy
![Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy CH 12 Leroy Wade Mohammed Ali 1 Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy CH 12 Leroy Wade Mohammed Ali 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-1.jpg)
![12 -1 Introduction Absorption Spectroscopy: Measurement of the amount of light absorbed by a 12 -1 Introduction Absorption Spectroscopy: Measurement of the amount of light absorbed by a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-2.jpg)
![Spectroscopic Techniques: Techniques Ø Mohammed Ali 3 Spectroscopic Techniques: Techniques Ø Mohammed Ali 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-3.jpg)
![12 -2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Mohammed Ali Fig 12 -1 4 12 -2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Mohammed Ali Fig 12 -1 4](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-4.jpg)
![12 -3 The Infrared Region The position of IR band is specified by its 12 -3 The Infrared Region The position of IR band is specified by its](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-5.jpg)
![12 -4 Mohammed Ali Molecuar Vibrations 6 12 -4 Mohammed Ali Molecuar Vibrations 6](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-6.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 7 Mohammed Ali 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-7.jpg)
![An Infrared (IR) Spectrum Mohammed Ali 8 An Infrared (IR) Spectrum Mohammed Ali 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-8.jpg)
![12 -5 IR Active and IR Inactive Vibrations of bonds with dipole moment absorbs 12 -5 IR Active and IR Inactive Vibrations of bonds with dipole moment absorbs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-9.jpg)
![IR frequency range 600 -4000 cm-1 Fingerprint region: 600 – 1400 cm-1 frequencies of IR frequency range 600 -4000 cm-1 Fingerprint region: 600 – 1400 cm-1 frequencies of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-10.jpg)
![12 -6 Measurement of IR Spectrum Fig 12 -4 Block diagram of an interferometer 12 -6 Measurement of IR Spectrum Fig 12 -4 Block diagram of an interferometer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-11.jpg)
![12 -7 Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbons Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-H bending frequencies 12 -7 Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbons Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-H bending frequencies](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-12.jpg)
![Carbon-Carbon Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-C bending frequencies have lower wave numbers Mohammed Ali Carbon-Carbon Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-C bending frequencies have lower wave numbers Mohammed Ali](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-13.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 14 Mohammed Ali 14](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-14.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 15 Mohammed Ali 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-15.jpg)
![Infrared Spectrum of tert-butylbenzene Monsubstituted benzene Mohammed Ali 16 Infrared Spectrum of tert-butylbenzene Monsubstituted benzene Mohammed Ali 16](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-16.jpg)
![12 -8 Characteristic Absorptions of Alcohols and Amines An Alcohol: Mohammed Ali 17 12 -8 Characteristic Absorptions of Alcohols and Amines An Alcohol: Mohammed Ali 17](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-17.jpg)
![An amine: Mohammed Ali 18 An amine: Mohammed Ali 18](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-18.jpg)
![12 -9 Characteristic Absorptions of Carbonyl Compounds (Esters and carbonates have slightly higher C=O 12 -9 Characteristic Absorptions of Carbonyl Compounds (Esters and carbonates have slightly higher C=O](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-19.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 20 Mohammed Ali 20](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-20.jpg)
![Carboxylic acid Mohammed Ali 21 Carboxylic acid Mohammed Ali 21](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-21.jpg)
![Conjugated C=O groups Mohammed Ali 22 Conjugated C=O groups Mohammed Ali 22](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-22.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 23 Mohammed Ali 23](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-23.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 24 Mohammed Ali 24](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-24.jpg)
![Mass Spectroscopy Mohammed Ali 25 Mass Spectroscopy Mohammed Ali 25](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-25.jpg)
![GC-MS Mohammed Ali 26 GC-MS Mohammed Ali 26](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-26.jpg)
![Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone 43 Intens ity 72 57 Mohammed Ali 27 Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone 43 Intens ity 72 57 Mohammed Ali 27](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-27.jpg)
![Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone Mohammed Ali 28 Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone Mohammed Ali 28](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-28.jpg)
![“m/z” means mass to charge ratio. Most ions have only one charge, so m/z “m/z” means mass to charge ratio. Most ions have only one charge, so m/z](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-29.jpg)
![• Compounds containing chlorine or bromine show two peaks two mass units apart • Compounds containing chlorine or bromine show two peaks two mass units apart](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-30.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 31 Mohammed Ali 31](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-31.jpg)
![Isotope Peaks: Mohammed Ali 35 Cl : 37 Cl = 3: 1 32 Isotope Peaks: Mohammed Ali 35 Cl : 37 Cl = 3: 1 32](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-32.jpg)
![Isotope peaks: Mohammed Ali 79 Br : 81 Br = 1: 1 33 Isotope peaks: Mohammed Ali 79 Br : 81 Br = 1: 1 33](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-33.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 34 Mohammed Ali 34](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-34.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 35 Mohammed Ali 35](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-35.jpg)
![Mohammed Ali 36 Mohammed Ali 36](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-36.jpg)
![Benzyl bromide: base peak m/z 91 Mohammed Ali 37 Benzyl bromide: base peak m/z 91 Mohammed Ali 37](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-37.jpg)
- Slides: 37
![Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy CH 12 Leroy Wade Mohammed Ali 1 Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy CH 12 Leroy Wade Mohammed Ali 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-1.jpg)
Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectroscopy CH 12 Leroy Wade Mohammed Ali 1
![12 1 Introduction Absorption Spectroscopy Measurement of the amount of light absorbed by a 12 -1 Introduction Absorption Spectroscopy: Measurement of the amount of light absorbed by a](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-2.jpg)
12 -1 Introduction Absorption Spectroscopy: Measurement of the amount of light absorbed by a compound as a function of the wavelength of light. In general, a sample is irradiated by a light source, and the amount of light transmitted at various wavelenght is measured by a detector and plotted on a graph. Mohammed Ali 2
![Spectroscopic Techniques Techniques Ø Mohammed Ali 3 Spectroscopic Techniques: Techniques Ø Mohammed Ali 3](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-3.jpg)
Spectroscopic Techniques: Techniques Ø Mohammed Ali 3
![12 2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Mohammed Ali Fig 12 1 4 12 -2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Mohammed Ali Fig 12 -1 4](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-4.jpg)
12 -2 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Mohammed Ali Fig 12 -1 4
![12 3 The Infrared Region The position of IR band is specified by its 12 -3 The Infrared Region The position of IR band is specified by its](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-5.jpg)
12 -3 The Infrared Region The position of IR band is specified by its wavelength (l), measured in micron, one millionths of a meter. A more common unit is wave number, u , number of cycles (wavelength) of the wave in a centimeter. The wavenumber is the wavelength (in centimeter) Mohammed Ali reciprocal of the 5
![12 4 Mohammed Ali Molecuar Vibrations 6 12 -4 Mohammed Ali Molecuar Vibrations 6](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-6.jpg)
12 -4 Mohammed Ali Molecuar Vibrations 6
![Mohammed Ali 7 Mohammed Ali 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-7.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 7
![An Infrared IR Spectrum Mohammed Ali 8 An Infrared (IR) Spectrum Mohammed Ali 8](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-8.jpg)
An Infrared (IR) Spectrum Mohammed Ali 8
![12 5 IR Active and IR Inactive Vibrations of bonds with dipole moment absorbs 12 -5 IR Active and IR Inactive Vibrations of bonds with dipole moment absorbs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-9.jpg)
12 -5 IR Active and IR Inactive Vibrations of bonds with dipole moment absorbs IR and are said to be IR active. Vibrations of bonds (symmetric bonds) without a dipole moment does not absorb IR and are said to be IR inactive. Mohammed Ali 9
![IR frequency range 600 4000 cm1 Fingerprint region 600 1400 cm1 frequencies of IR frequency range 600 -4000 cm-1 Fingerprint region: 600 – 1400 cm-1 frequencies of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-10.jpg)
IR frequency range 600 -4000 cm-1 Fingerprint region: 600 – 1400 cm-1 frequencies of two different molecules are different in this region. 1600 -3500 cm-1 where the characteristic frequencies of various FG shows. Mohammed Ali 10
![12 6 Measurement of IR Spectrum Fig 12 4 Block diagram of an interferometer 12 -6 Measurement of IR Spectrum Fig 12 -4 Block diagram of an interferometer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-11.jpg)
12 -6 Measurement of IR Spectrum Fig 12 -4 Block diagram of an interferometer in an FT-IR Mohammed Ali 11
![12 7 Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbons CarbonHydrogen Bond Stretching Frequencies Note CH bending frequencies 12 -7 Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbons Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-H bending frequencies](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-12.jpg)
12 -7 Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbons Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-H bending frequencies have lower wave numbers Mohammed Ali 12
![CarbonCarbon Bond Stretching Frequencies Note CC bending frequencies have lower wave numbers Mohammed Ali Carbon-Carbon Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-C bending frequencies have lower wave numbers Mohammed Ali](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-13.jpg)
Carbon-Carbon Bond Stretching Frequencies Note: C-C bending frequencies have lower wave numbers Mohammed Ali 13
![Mohammed Ali 14 Mohammed Ali 14](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-14.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 14
![Mohammed Ali 15 Mohammed Ali 15](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-15.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 15
![Infrared Spectrum of tertbutylbenzene Monsubstituted benzene Mohammed Ali 16 Infrared Spectrum of tert-butylbenzene Monsubstituted benzene Mohammed Ali 16](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-16.jpg)
Infrared Spectrum of tert-butylbenzene Monsubstituted benzene Mohammed Ali 16
![12 8 Characteristic Absorptions of Alcohols and Amines An Alcohol Mohammed Ali 17 12 -8 Characteristic Absorptions of Alcohols and Amines An Alcohol: Mohammed Ali 17](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-17.jpg)
12 -8 Characteristic Absorptions of Alcohols and Amines An Alcohol: Mohammed Ali 17
![An amine Mohammed Ali 18 An amine: Mohammed Ali 18](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-18.jpg)
An amine: Mohammed Ali 18
![12 9 Characteristic Absorptions of Carbonyl Compounds Esters and carbonates have slightly higher CO 12 -9 Characteristic Absorptions of Carbonyl Compounds (Esters and carbonates have slightly higher C=O](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-19.jpg)
12 -9 Characteristic Absorptions of Carbonyl Compounds (Esters and carbonates have slightly higher C=O absorption value) Mohammed Ali 19
![Mohammed Ali 20 Mohammed Ali 20](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-20.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 20
![Carboxylic acid Mohammed Ali 21 Carboxylic acid Mohammed Ali 21](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-21.jpg)
Carboxylic acid Mohammed Ali 21
![Conjugated CO groups Mohammed Ali 22 Conjugated C=O groups Mohammed Ali 22](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-22.jpg)
Conjugated C=O groups Mohammed Ali 22
![Mohammed Ali 23 Mohammed Ali 23](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-23.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 23
![Mohammed Ali 24 Mohammed Ali 24](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-24.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 24
![Mass Spectroscopy Mohammed Ali 25 Mass Spectroscopy Mohammed Ali 25](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-25.jpg)
Mass Spectroscopy Mohammed Ali 25
![GCMS Mohammed Ali 26 GC-MS Mohammed Ali 26](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-26.jpg)
GC-MS Mohammed Ali 26
![Mass spectrum of 2 butanone 43 Intens ity 72 57 Mohammed Ali 27 Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone 43 Intens ity 72 57 Mohammed Ali 27](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-27.jpg)
Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone 43 Intens ity 72 57 Mohammed Ali 27
![Mass spectrum of 2 butanone Mohammed Ali 28 Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone Mohammed Ali 28](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-28.jpg)
Mass spectrum of 2 -butanone Mohammed Ali 28
![mz means mass to charge ratio Most ions have only one charge so mz “m/z” means mass to charge ratio. Most ions have only one charge, so m/z](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-29.jpg)
“m/z” means mass to charge ratio. Most ions have only one charge, so m/z equals the molecular weight of the ion. The ion produced after the first electron is removed is called the “molecular ion”, and sometimes abbreviated as M+. Other important data we can obtain from mass spectrometry. • nitrogens will have an odd molecular weight, usually. This is always true if the compound only contains C, H, N, and O. Mohammed Ali 29
![Compounds containing chlorine or bromine show two peaks two mass units apart • Compounds containing chlorine or bromine show two peaks two mass units apart](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-30.jpg)
• Compounds containing chlorine or bromine show two peaks two mass units apart for fragments that contain a chlorine or bromine. This is because chlorine is composed of two major isotopes, 35 Cl and 37 Cl. About 75% of Cl is 35 Cl, and 25% is 37 Cl. Therefore, the size of the two peaks will have a ratio of about 3: 1. The two isotopes of Bromine occur in about equal amounts, so the two peaks will be about the same size. Mohammed Ali 30
![Mohammed Ali 31 Mohammed Ali 31](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-31.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 31
![Isotope Peaks Mohammed Ali 35 Cl 37 Cl 3 1 32 Isotope Peaks: Mohammed Ali 35 Cl : 37 Cl = 3: 1 32](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-32.jpg)
Isotope Peaks: Mohammed Ali 35 Cl : 37 Cl = 3: 1 32
![Isotope peaks Mohammed Ali 79 Br 81 Br 1 1 33 Isotope peaks: Mohammed Ali 79 Br : 81 Br = 1: 1 33](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-33.jpg)
Isotope peaks: Mohammed Ali 79 Br : 81 Br = 1: 1 33
![Mohammed Ali 34 Mohammed Ali 34](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-34.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 34
![Mohammed Ali 35 Mohammed Ali 35](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-35.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 35
![Mohammed Ali 36 Mohammed Ali 36](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-36.jpg)
Mohammed Ali 36
![Benzyl bromide base peak mz 91 Mohammed Ali 37 Benzyl bromide: base peak m/z 91 Mohammed Ali 37](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/85c1ec74d5be525676705c715c9b5156/image-37.jpg)
Benzyl bromide: base peak m/z 91 Mohammed Ali 37
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