Industrial Revolution in England TCI Activity 2 1

Industrial Revolution in England TCI Activity 2. 1

Essential Questions: v Why was England the first country to industrialize? v In order to answer this question, we have to understand what life was like before industrial revolution.

2. 1 A - Traditional or Pre. Industrial Society v Farming in the Middle Ages v Villages feed themselves v One of three Fields left fallow (empty) to regain fertility v Animals grazed in common pastures

2. 1 A - Traditional or Pre. Industrial Society v Disadvantages v Land use inefficient v Farmer’s didn’t experiment with new farming methods v Forces for Change v Population growing – more food needed v French Blockade – no corn- more food needed

Essential Question v How did the new technologies and advancements change the way people lived? v What factors allowed the population to grow?

2. 1 B - The Agricultural Revolution v Enclosure movement v Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology v Villages lost common lands and political power, peasants became poorer v Crop rotation v Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops

2. 1 B - The Agricultural Revolution v Other Discoveries v Seed drill planted seeds efficiently v New crops: corn and potato v Results of the Agricultural Revolution v More food available v Population increased

Essential Questions v What is capitalism? v What is the connection between natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital?

2. 1 C - Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism v Merchant’s role in Cottage Industry v Supplied materials – wool and cotton – to cottages to be carded and spun v Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth v Merchants sell product for more than material and labor = profit + larger investment = higher profit

Spinning Jenny

2. 1 C - Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism v An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit v Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism v Effects of the cottage Industry v Big profits for new class of merchants v Alternative source of income for peasants

Spinning Jenny

Essential Question v How did the new technologies and advancements of industrialization change the way people worked? v How is population growth connected to the growth of cities in the industrial revolution?

2. 1 D – The textile Industry and the Factory System v Textile industry invented v Cottage industry couldn’t keep up with demand for textiles v Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule improved spinning v Power loom sped up weaving v Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton

2. 1 D – The textile Industry and the Factory System v Rise of Factory v New Machines, often too big for homes, were put in factories v Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water v Effects of the Textile Factories in Britain v Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand-produced items v Britain’s Textile industry increased enormously v Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories

2. 1 E – Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution v The need for Energy v Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills v Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need for power v How the Steam Engine Works v Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power

2. 1 E – Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution v Effects of the Steam Engine v Steam power, used where ever coal existed, increased textile production v Improved mining which increased metals which in turn fueled other industries

2. 1 F – Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution v The need for Iron v Farming tools, new factory machinery, railways v Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon v The need for Coal v Carbon necessary for smelting iron v Steam engines powered by coal

2. 1 F – Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution v Effects of iron and coal v Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined v Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy

Essential Questions v Why was England the first country to industrialize?

The Rocket

2. 1 G - Transportation v The need for better Transportation v Increased production increased the need to transport goods quickly and cheaply v Pre-industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roads v Inventions v Stone and eventually asphalt roads v Canals v Railroad era rushes in with the Rocket in 1829

2. 1 G - Transportation v Effects of the Railroads v Expanded rapidly throughout Britain v Cheaper transportation increased production and profits v Railways fueled other industries: coal, steam engine, iron, steel, and many manufactured products

Essential Questions v So …. Why was England the first country to industrialize?

2. 1 H – Why Britain Led the Way v Geography v Climate good for textile production v Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coal v Separation from European continent kept them out of wars v Government v Internal trade encouraged v Population allowed to relocate v Helped build canals and roads

2. 1 H – Why Britain Led the Way v Social Factors v British society less rigid than other European countries v Colonial Empire v Supplied raw materials for manufactured goods v Provided market for goods v Advantages of Industrializing first v No other country competing for manufactured goods v Monopoly on technology