ICAOAENA Seminar on Airport Management Security and Quality

ICAO–AENA Seminar on Airport Management: Security and Quality Antigua, Guatemala, 14 - 18 October 2002 ICAO AVSEC Programme Michiel Vreedenburgh ICAO Regional Officer Aerodromes & Ground Aids North American, Central American and Caribbean Regional Office - Mexico

2001 Security Statistics 21 acts of unlawful interference - 7 unlawful seizures - 2 attempted seizures - 4 facility attacks - 4 attempted facility attacks - 2 in-flight attacks - 1 attempted in-flight attack - 1 attempted sabotage 301 passenger & 44 crew fatalities 2

Launch Pads to Security Continuous strengthening Annex 17 1970 Assembly Hijackings New Dimensions 2002 Conference 2001 Assembly Aircraft as Weapons of Destruction

AVSEC Section Mission statement: To develop aviation security principles, communicate and promote such principles worldwide and assist ICAO Contracting States in implementing them.

AVSEC Technical Programme Annex 17 adopted in 1974 (1 st Edition) Recent edition: 7 th Ed April 2002 (10 amendments)

AVSEC Technical Programme ICAO Security Manual (Doc 8973/5) – Published 1971, revised 1983, 1987, 1992 and 1996 – New update being finalised

ICAO AVSEC Programme Implementation • • Regional AVSEC Seminars (since 1973) Technical Assistance Projects (since 1977) Regional AVSEC Coordinators Mechanism for Financial, Technical and Material Assistance to States (since 1989) • Short-Term Expert Programme 7

Aviation Security Activities • 139 Mechanism States – 120 States visited - Technical Reports – 35 States received follow-up missions • Average of 50 training events per year – More than 210 training events sinception in 1989 – More than 4, 200 participants in total • 10 Aviation Security Training Centres (ASTCs) – Brussels/Moscow/Kiev/Casablanca/Dakar/ Nairobi/Amman/Penang/Port of Spain/Quito

Sabotage of aircraft and airport facilities

Hijacking of Aircraft

Armed attacks on airports & Attacks against air carrier premises

ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy • Civil Aviation shall operate from a safe and secure environment free from unlawful interference

ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy • States shall develop and implement such legislation and procedures as are necessary to ensure that there is a safe and secure environment

ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy • The security standards put in place shall be consistent with Standards and Recommended Practices as promulgated by ICAO

ICAO Countermeasures Philosophy • These standards shall be adequate to meet the threat

COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national AVSEC programmes

COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national AVSEC programmes Lack of national legislation

COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national AVSEC programmes Lack of national legislation Lack of training programmes

COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national AVSEC programmes Lack of national legislation Lack of training programmes Division of responsibility

COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national AVSEC programmes Lack of national legislation Lack of training programmes Division of responsibility Lack of coordination

COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national AVSEC programmes Lack of national legislation Lack of training programmes Division of responsibility Lack of coordination Lack of contingency planning

COMMON PROBLEMS Lack of national AVSEC programmes Lack of national legislation Lack of training programmes Division of responsibility Lack of coordination Lack of contingency planning Inadequate implementation of SARPs

Actions by ICAO since Events of 11 September 2001 •

ICAO Assembly • 33 rd ICAO General Assembly held in Montreal from 25 September to 5 October 2001 • Passed Assembly Resolutions 33/1 and 33/2

ICAO Assembly (cont’d) The Assembly (and AVSECP/12) considered new security measures including: • locking of cockpit doors • application of Annex 17 to domestic flights • background checks and security controls on staff

ICAO Assembly (cont’d) • Further comprehensive review of Annex 17 to facilitate audit programme • Review of AVSEC legal instruments • Security Audit Programme • Convening of High-level, Ministerial Conference on Aviation Security

Amendment 10 to Annex 17 Review of Annex 17 conducted by the ICAO Aviation Security Panel (AVSECP) 7 th Edition of Annex 17 incorporating Amendment 10 was published in April 2002 and became applicable on 1 July 2002

Amendment 10 New definitions: • aircraft security check • background check • human factors and human performance • security restricted area • unidentified baggage

Amendment 10 • Seventeen new Standards • Eight new Recommended Practices • Seven Recommended Practices upgraded to Standards

Amendment 10 • application of Annex 17 measures to domestic flights

Amendment 10 • national quality control

Amendment 10 • International cooperation

Amendment 10 • measures relating to security of aircraft

Amendment 10 • measures relating to passengers and their cabin baggage

Amendment 10 • measures relating to checked baggage

Amendment 10 • measures relating to access control

Amendment 10 • management of response to acts of unlawful interference

Amendment 10 • code-sharing / collaborative arrangements

Amendment 10 • human factors principles

Amendment 27 to Annex 6 Part I Chapter 13 Security – applicable 28 Nov. 2002 • Strengthened flight crew compartment door (Recommendation – Standard 1 Nov. 2003) • Locking of door during flight • Monitoring of area outside door • Communications with flight crew • Aircraft search inspection • Security training programme • Applicable to domestic operations

High-level, Ministerial Conference • Montreal, 19 to 20 February 2002 • Endorsed ICAO Aviation Security Plan of Action, including regular, mandatory, systematic and harmonized audits of aviation security

AVSEC Audit Programme • Programme based on existing methodologies • Aims to promote compliance with Annex 17 • Aims to assist States to introduce good national quality control programmes

13 th Meeting of AVSEC Panel April 2002 Security Strategic Objective No. 9 “To develop a detailed programme for the implementation of an ICAO Universal Security Audit”

Further amendments to Annex 17 • AVSECP/14 in September 2002 • AVSECP/15 in March 2003 • Revision to make SARPs more “auditable”

ICAO Security Manual • Revision in progress • Sixth Edition to be finalised in 2002 • Updated with regard to new SARPs • Inclusion of more “job aids”

Where to from here?

Preventive Measures Key Future ICAO AVSEC Developments Concepts Aviation Security Plan of Action Universal Security Audit Programme Aviation Security Regional Units GREPECAS AVSEC Committee

AVSEC Plan of Action • AVSEC audit programme • New and emerging threats – Identification, analysis, assessment, risk management methodology and development of response • Strengthened AVSEC SARPs – Annex 17 – Security Manual – Annexes 1, 6, 8, 11, 14 & 18

AVSEC Plan of Action • Review of legal instruments and air navigation procedures • Expedited work on machine readable travel documents and biometrics • ASTPs & ASTCs • Seminars, exercises & workshops • AVSEC Mechanism • Technical Cooperation Projects

AVSEC Audit Programme • Civil aviation security programmes • Airport security arrangements • References – ICAO USOAP, ECAC and US AVSEC audit programmes • Baseline – Annex 17 Standards

AVSEC Audit Programme • Programme documentation – Security Audit Reference Manual (SARM) based on Annex 17 Standards – Memorandum of Understanding – Pre-audit questionnaire – Auditor training programme based on SARM and Security Manual – basic/conversion – Auditor certification documentation

AVSEC Audit Programme • Audit Methodology – Transparency and harmonization • secondment of experts from States • training & certification of auditors – Confidentiality of reports • Selection of States – regional balance, known concerns, State requests • Selection of 1 – 3 (2%) International Sample Airports – pax, flights, ops types

AVSEC Audit Programme • Programme Implementation – Aviation Security Audit Unit – Phase 1 began in Sept. 2002 with 1 course and 1 State audit in each region – Audits to commence in Nov. 2002 – 3 year audit cycle/63 audits per year – 5 year audit cycle/38 audits per year – 7 – 10 professional staff – Special Service Agreements (SSAs) & long-term secondments from States

AVSEC Audit Programme • Audit follow-up assistance activities – Technical Cooperation – AVSEC Mechanism

AVSEC Regional Units • ICAO Council recently approved the creation of ICAO Regional AVSEC Officer positions in ICAO Regional Offices

GREPECAS AVSEC Committee 1 st Meeting – Lima, Peru – August 2002 Draft Conclusions & Decisions • AVSEC/COMM Composition • AVSEC/COMM Terms of Reference • AVSEC/COMM Coordination with LACAC • ICAO Regional AVSEC Officers • AVSEC Survey Questionnaire • AVSEC/COMM/2 Meeting

Final Thoughts • Is priority Number 1 • Has synergy with safety • Must not significantly impede the flow of passengers, freight, mail or aircraft • Must be at a cost which does not drive the consumer away or place an undue burden on civil aviation

• Thank You www. icao. int mvreedenburgh@mexico. icao. int