HOLT World History CHAPTER 28 THE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT World History CHAPTER 28 THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Great Depression and the Rise of Totalitarianism Section 1: The Postwar Era Section 2: Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Section 3: Political Tensions After World War I Section 4: Fascist Dictatorships Section 5: Dictatorship in the Soviet Union HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era Objectives: l Explain how scientific theories affected thinking in other areas of life. l Identify ways in which writers, musicians, painters, and architects experimented with new forms. l Describe how popular culture and consumerism affected societies. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era The Effects of Scientific Events and Ideas l A global epidemic l Spanish Flu 1919 l Killed 20 million people across the world l Scientific and social theories l Psychology: Study of the unconscious mind l Sigmund Freud l Other looked to science to explain ideas about war 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era New Directions in Literature l Dissatisfaction with traditional ideas, disillusionment l Saw world in decay l Tried to portray life in a dreamlike manner l Surrealism l Examination of unconscious motivations l Poetry without rhyme with lines of varying lengths 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era New Directions in Literature l Major Figures l Gertrude Stein l Ernest hemingway l Marcel Proust l Thomas Mann l Franz Kafka l TS Eliot 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture l Music l Used different instruments in different keys at the same time l Jazz developed l radio gave rise to jazz l Fusion of African and Latin American styles l Major Figures l Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Billie Holiday 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture l Painting l Picasso created cubism l Dali used surrealism to portray life in a dream l Dadaism (random images to reflect insanity) 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era New Directions in Music, Painting, and Architecture l Sullivan used functionalism, developed the skyscraper l Frank Lloyd Wright influenced international style 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Postwar Era Popular Culture and Consumerism l Entertainment l motion pictures, business of sports l Consumer culture l more luxury items purchased l radio advertising l buying on credit l prohibition 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Objectives: l Identify the weaknesses that appeared in the global economy during the postwar era. l Describe how nations initially responded to the Great Depression. l Explain how the New Deal marked a shift in the U. S. government’s relationship with its citizens and the economy. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Signs of Economic Troubles 11 l Farmers suffered from the Dust Bowl (Drought) l farmers struggled while industry prospered l Demand for crops lessened l Farmers made very little money l Protectionism l economic nationalism l High American tariffs l Europeans unable to make money and repay debts HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Postwar Prosperity Crumbles Signs of Economic Troubles l Speculation and panic l Stock prices overvalued l People sell their stocks and the prices fall l risky investments in stock market l Black Tuesday occurred when stock market crashed 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The Great Depression l Millions went bankrupt l People were unable to repay debts l banks failed l Caused a world wide Depression l Governments in France and Germany fell by 1933 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The New Deal l Before 1933, US had no social welfare programs to help the poor l Americans who lost their jobs had to rely on familiy and charity l Program of relief and reform l Social Security Act provided for unemployment and old-age benefits 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 2: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Postwar Prosperity Crumbles The New Deal l Program of relief and reform l Social Security Act provided for unemployment and old -age benefits l Congress passed other emergency relief programs l Government became deeply involved in the welfare of its citizens 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Political Tensions After World War I Objectives: l Describe the difficulties that France faced during the postwar years. l Explain how the British government dealt with its domestic problems. l Identify the problems that weakened eastern European governments. 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Political Tensions After World War I France’s Postwar Difficulties l The economy l government and individuals were in debt l International affairs l Locarno Pact pledged that countries would peacefully settle all future disputes l Afraid of a German invasion l Built the Maginot Line 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Political Tensions After World War I France’s Postwar Difficulties l Political unrest l strikes in various industries and riots by conservatives l The Popular Front (Socialists) came to power l Led by Leon Blum l Made reforms (40 hour work week, paid vacation) l Government fell in a year l Reforms disappeared 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Political Tensions After World War I Great Britain After World War I l Labor troubles l outdated industry and high unemployment l Socialist under Ramsey Mac. Donald took power in 1924 l. Tightened budget and protected industry 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Political Tensions After World War I Great Britain After World War I l Ireland l bloody revolt against Great Britain l Irish Republican Army fought for independence l Formed the Irish Free State in 1922 l Later fought a short civil war 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Political Tensions After World War I Eastern Europe l Weak economies l Conflicts between socialists and conservatives l New boundaries caused unrest l New democratic goverments were overthrown and replaced with monarchies or dictatorships 21 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships Objectives: l Describe how Benito Mussolini transformed Italy into a fascist state. l Explain why the Weimar Republic failed. l Trace how Adolf Hitler became an important figure in Germany. l Describe how the Nazis used power in Germany. 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Rise of Fascism in Italy l Fascist doctrine l dictatorship and totalitarianism l opposed communism and democracy l Promised to maintain the class structure l Mussolini’s rise to power l WWI veteran 23 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Rise of Fascism in Italy l Created Fascist Party in 1919 -called the Black Shirts l Promised to protect against Communists l Took over the government in 1922 l appointed Fascists to all official positions in center government – total control l The corporatist state l major economic activities were organized similar to corporations 24 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Rise of Fascism in Italy 25 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 4: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Weimar Republic l Treaty of Versailles was humiliating l opposed Germany’s interests l High unemployment l Soaring inflation l Hyper inflation l More than 10, 000% 26 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Weimar Republic 27 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis and Hitler l Nazi Party l Created before WWI l was extremely nationalistic l anti-Semitic l anticommunist l Hitler wrote Mein Kampf, which planned for racial purity, promised to repeal Treaty of Versailles 28 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis in Power l Created anticommunist hysteria 29 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Fascist Dictatorships The Nazis in Power l Moved into the Rhineland in 1936 l Ignored by Britain and France l Created the Rome-Berlin Axis with Italy in 1936 30 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Objectives: l Identify the terms of the New Economic Policy. l Describe how Stalin shaped the Soviet economy. l Explain why Stalin imprisoned and executed millions of Soviet people. 31 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Russia Under Lenin l Civil War 1918 -1921 l Red Army won the war l New Economic Policy (NEP) l nationalized industries l Created a command economy l collectivized farms 32 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Russia Under Lenin l Women’s roles l gave women more rights l Education was priority 33 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Dictatorship in the Soviet Union The Five-Year Plan l Ambitious agricultural, industrial, and social goals to create a modern, industrialized society l Focused on military production l Caused hardships for Soviet people, were forced to comply 34 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Stalin’s Dictatorship l Josef Stalin seized power by 1927 l Ruled by fear l Used secret police l Called NKVD l Outlawed religious instruction 35 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 5: THE HUMAN JOURNEY Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Stalin’s Dictatorship l Government under Stalin l Stalin controlled the Politburo l Ran the government l purge of disloyal party members l extended to general population l Foreign policy 36 l wanted rest of world to accept Soviet Union l tried to spread Communist revolution HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Dictatorship in the Soviet Union Stalin’s Dictatorship 37 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON