HOLT World History CHAPTER 20 THE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT World History CHAPTER 20 THE HUMAN JOURNEY Enlightenment and Revolution in England America Section 1: Civil War and Revolution Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England Section 3: English Colonial Expansion Section 4: The Enlightenment Section 5: The American Revolution HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution Objectives: l Explore what led to the conflicts between Charles I and Parliament. l Examine how the rebellion in Ireland helped start the English Civil War. l Identify who would have supported the two sides in the English Revolution. l Investigate what led to the downfall of republican government in England. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY James V of Scotland 1587 -1625 James I of England 1603 -1625 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Charles I 1625 -1648 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution Charles I and Parliament l Charles I believed in divine right of kings l was married to a French Catholic princess l Parliament opposed his tax measures l Made a forced loan on merchants of London l 1628 Parliament passed the Petiton of Right l Said that the King could not tax without the consent of Parliament l Charles ruled for 11 years without Parliament 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution Charles I and Parliament l 11 Years Tyranny l No Parliament for 11 years l 1639 Rebellion in Scotland l Rebelled against Charles because he wanted the Scots to follow the Anglican Church l Charles needed money to fight the war, had to recall Parliament 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution Parliament Recalled l The Short Parliament l Recalled in 1639 and began to question Charles’ rule over the last 11 years l Charles dismissed them l Had to immediately recall them 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution The Long Parliament 1640 -53 l Parliament took away Charles’ right to dissolve Parliament l New Parliament passed laws 1. Parliament had to meet every 3 years 2. King could not pass taxes without Parliament’s consent 3. Tried his advisors for treason l Made absolute rule impossible 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution The Long Parliament 1640 -53 l Over the next two years l Scottish rebellion broke out again l Rebellion also broke out in Ireland l Parliament wanted to be in charge of the army 9 l Charles refused to compromise, led troops into House of Commons to arrest opponents l Neither side would compromise l Result was the English Civil War HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution English Civil War 1642 -49 l Cavaliers – called royalists, supported the king l Roundheads – supported Parliament l Oliver Cromwell l Took charge of Roundheads and became English leader l organized New Model Army and defeated Charles 10 l Rump Parliament – abolished monarchy and House of Lords, proclaimed England a commonwealth, tried Charles I for treason HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution English Civil War 1642 -49 l Charles executed in 1649 l Cromwell still faced rebellions in Scotland Ireland l Created a very powerful army to deal with them l Rebellions prevented him from forming a representative government l Powerful army discouraged other groups from acting against Cromwell 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Oliver Cromwell 1648 -1659 12 (Lord Protector) HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution Cromwell’s Commonwealth 1649 -1660 l Raised money from taxes and land sales l Army was disciplined and powerful l Enemies had no organized army l Encouraged trade and manufacturing 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution End of the Revolution l Cromwell quarreled with Parliament, then dissolved it l Cromwell died in 1658 l His successor was weak l 1660 The monarch restored l Charles II ruled 1660 -85 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Civil War and Revolution End of the Revolution 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Constitutional Monarchy in England Objectives: l Explain how religious attitudes affected the rule of Charles II and James II. l Describe how Parliament reduced the power of the monarchy after the Restoration. l Identify the principal features of Britain’s limited constitutional monarchy. 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Charles II World 1660 -1685 History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Charles II 1660 -85 17 Charles Methods l Used secrecy to gain his ends l Avoided fights with Parliament l Sought to increase toleration for Catholics HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Constitutional Monarchy in England The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution l Political parties develop l Tories supported Anglican Church l. Were willing to accept James II as King l Whigs opposed having Catholic ruler l. Wanted to deny the throne to James 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY James II 1685 -1689 (Duke of York) 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Constitutional Monarchy in England The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution l The Glorious Revolution 1688 l bloodless transfer of power in English monarchy l Parliament invited William and Mary to take throne l Parliament feared that James II would create a line of Catholic rulers 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY William (III) and Mary (II) 1689 -1702 21 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Constitutional Monarchy in England Political Philosophers l Chaos of the period led to new philosophers l Thomas Hobbes - Leviathan l Believed people acted out of self-interest l Only the strong ruled l Exchange political luiberty in return for security l John Locke l Believed that the purpose of government was to protect individual rights and property 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Constitutional Monarchy in England Changes in English Government l Habeas Corpus Act Declaration of Rights l protected individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment, unfairly high bail, or cruel or unusual punishment l Parliament gained power l Toleration Act and Act of Settlement l religious freedoms to Dissenters, but not Roman Catholics or Jews; Act of Settlement kept Catholics from the English throne 23 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Constitutional Monarchy in England Parliamentary Rule l Growing power of Parliament l monarch must consult with Parliament l cabinet and prime minister held by the majority party l Prime Minister heads the government l Act of Union l united England Scotland into Great Britain l Constitutional monarchy 24 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Anne 1702 -1714 25 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY English Colonial Expansion Objectives: l Investigate who the sea dogs were and what they accomplished. l Explore the results of the British mercantilist policy. 26 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY English Colonial Expansion The Beginnings of the British Empire l Latecomers to America because of troubles at home l Explorers and sea dogs l English sea captains who attacked the Portuguese and Spanish monopolies of sea trade and raided the invaders l plundered foreign ships l helped defeat Spanish Armada 27 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY English Colonial Expansion The Beginnings of the British Empire l Explorers l John Cabot gave a foothold in North America l Henry Hudson explored North American rivers l The British in India – British East India Company l Set up trading posts in India l Won over native rulers with support and loyalty l Monopoly on tea 28 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 3: THE HUMAN JOURNEY English Colonial Expansion The British in America l British settlements l Wanted to find a Northwest Passage to Asia l Roanoke Island first colony (1585) failed l Jamestown (1607) l Relied on slaves l Plymouth (1620) l Religious dissenters 29 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY English Colonial Expansion The British in America l Founded colonies in Caribbean and Bermuda l Sugar colonies that relied on slavery l Mercantilism and the British colonies l discouraged colonial manufacturing and forced colonists to sell certain products only to Britain 30 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Enlightenment Objectives: l Identify the principal characteristics of Enlightenment thinking. l Analyze the similarities and differences in the ideas of important Enlightenment philosophers. 31 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Enlightenment Thinkers of the Enlightenment l Believed that natural law governed human behavior l Laws of nature that govern the universe and all creatures l truth could be determined by logic, secularism, and individualism 32 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Enlightenment Political Criticism l Montesquieu l government divided into branches to create checks on political power l Voltaire l criticized intolerance and attempts to suppress personal freedoms 33 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Enlightenment Political Criticism l Rousseau l distrusted reason, opposed strong government, supported popular sovereignty l Philosophes (Denis Diderot) l Wrote Encyclopedia l Criticized slavery, torture, tax system and war 34 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The American Revolution Objectives: l Explain how Americans responded to British policies after the French and Indian War. l Describe what type of government Americans set up after the American Revolution. 35 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The American Revolution Empire and Conflict l British-French rivalry l Seven Years’ War l British won control of much of North America l Increased imperial control l Sugar Act, Stamp Act l “taxation without representation” l Mercantilist policies stifled American trade 36 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The American Revolution Empire and Conflict l British closed American ports (Boston, 1774) l Laws were known as the Intolerable Acts l American Revolution Begins (1775) l Intensified conflict l colonists hardened their resistance to British policies l Signed the Declaration of Independence 37 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The American Revolution American Independence l The Declaration of Independence l l l government is created to protect individual rights cannot exist without the consent of the governed who can alter or abolish it l The war for independence (1775 -83) l l l 38 weak American government brutal Hessian mercenaries strong American military leadership HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The American Revolution American Independence l War and peace l French alliance with United States l Spain and Netherlands l brought American victory 39 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The American Revolution Governing a New Nation l The Articles of Confederation (Adopted 1781) l weak central government l placed power in individual states l The Constitution(1789) l federal government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial l Bill of Rights guaranteed citizens certain rights 40 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The American Revolution Governing a New Nation l Effects of American independence l democracy that inspired loyalty 41 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Vocabulary List (Define in your notes!) l l l 42 Articles of Confederation Glorious Revolution Declaration of Independence Whigs Sea Dogs Commonwealth l l l Thomas Hobbes Thomas Jefferson Montesquieu Federal System Intolerable Acts HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON