HOLT World History CHAPTER 21 THE HUMAN JOURNEY

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HOLT World History CHAPTER 21 THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution and Napoléon Section

HOLT World History CHAPTER 21 THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution and Napoléon Section 1: The Roots of Revolution Section 2: The French Revolution Section 3: The French Republic Section 4: The Napoléonic Era Section 5: A Return to Peace HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution Bellwork: l

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution Bellwork: l Page 511 l # 1 -3 2 Trivia: l January 7 th, 1789 The first U. S. Presidential election is held, only white men with property were allowed to vote. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution The Old

HOLT World History Section 1: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution The Old Regime l The privileged estates – l First Estate was clergy of Roman Catholic Church l Less then 1% of French Population l Owned 15% of French Land l Collected Rent, taxes and fees from Land l Second Estate was nobility l Less then 2% of French population l Held highest positions in Government and Army l Paid few if any taxes, collected dues from peasants 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY l The Third estate – The rest of

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY l The Third estate – The rest of French Population l 97% l bourgeoisie (urban middle class)-merchants, manufacturers, professional people such as Doctors and Lawyers l city workersl Artisansl rural peasants-Largest group, poorest group 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution Growing Discontent

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution Growing Discontent l Increased population and cost of living l Families had more children, needed more money to live l Higher estates raised rents and fees l Bourgeoisie wanted liberty and equality l Had gained strength and prosperity 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution The Financial

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution The Financial Crisis l Assistance to United States during American Revolution led to France’s increased debts l 59 Year reign of Louis XV, he was faced with debts inherited from Louis the XIV l Louis XVI tried to raise taxes, hoped a meeting of all three estates would approve new taxes l Married Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Austrian ruler, Maria Theresa l Banks refused to loan French government more money 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution The Meeting

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Roots of Revolution The Meeting of the Estates General l The three estates had previously met separately l Third Estate wanted representatives to vote as individuals 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Assignments l Worksheet 21. 1 -21. 2 l

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Assignments l Worksheet 21. 1 -21. 2 l Read Sections 1 and 2 l Be prepared for quiz 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution Bellwork l Page

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution Bellwork l Page 516 l #1, 2, 4 l Page 522 l #4 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The Spread of

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The Spread of the Revolution l During the meeting of the Estates General, King Louis XVI moved troops into position to drive out the Assembly l l Parisians took action against the Army Capture of Bastille prison, looted for weapons and destroyed the Bastille l General Lafayette formed the National Guard l Flag of Red, White, Blue l Peasants developed “Great Fear”, l Fear that the Nobles would try to end the Revolution by crushing the peasants l Peasants attacked local manor houses, destroyed documents recording rents, dues, and obligations. 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The End of

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The End of the Old Regime l Tried to end violence by ending feudalism, outlawing tithes, canceling dues and services of peasants l The Declaration of the Rights of Man – basic human rights and political powers, applied to men only l Men are born equal, freedom of speech, press, and religion l All men have right to public office, right of fair trial l “Liberty, equality, fraternity” l Émigrés and royalists – forced Louis XVI and family to return to Paris, supported the Old Regime 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The Constitution of

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The Constitution of 1791 l Limited powers of king l Divided government into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The Legislative Assembly

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The Legislative Assembly and War l Executive branch was weak l Legislature was inexperienced; divided into conservatives, radicals, and moderates l Legislative Assembly united to wage war on Austria 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The End of

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Revolution The End of the Monarchy l Louis XVI plotted with foreign powers to overthrow Constitution of 1791 l Legislative Assembly ended the Monarchy l National Convention drew up new constitution 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic The National Convention

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic The National Convention l Universal manhood suffrage – every adult male could vote l Three main groups l Girondins- Republicans that fear Paris would dominate France l Jacobins-supported the dominance of France by Paris l and delegates who had no definite views 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic Exporting the Revolution

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic Exporting the Revolution l France was being invaded by an alliance of Great Britian, the Netherlands, Spain, Sardinia, Austria, and Prussia l Committee of Public Safety l adopted “conscription” a draft l All unmarried, able-bodied men between 18 -25 were subject to Military service l Opposition – European monarchs formed an alliance against France. l Counterrevolutionary armies developed and fought the revolutionary army 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic The Reign of

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic The Reign of Terror l Reign of Terror- Sept 1793 - July 1794 l National Convention worked to suppress all opposition and revolts within France l Evolutionary Tribunal – tried to suppress all opposition and revolts within France l Punished and executed those that were part of or believed to be part of the counterrevolution 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic Work of the

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic Work of the National Convention l Abolished slavery l Planned public education l Adopted metric system 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic The Directory l

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic The Directory l Governed by five individuals from the government’s executive branch l Eliminated universal manhood suffrage l Weak, corrupt rulers 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Assignments l Quiz 21. 2 l Read sections

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Assignments l Quiz 21. 2 l Read sections 3 and 4 (517 -528) l Worksheet 21. 3 & 21. 4 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Bellwork l Page 528 l#

HOLT World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Bellwork l Page 528 l# 1 & 4 21 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic Napoléon Bonaparte l

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The French Republic Napoléon Bonaparte l Born in 1769 on the French Island of Corsica, attended Military school in France, stood only 5’ 6” l By age 26 he was already a General l Married a leader of French society, Josephine de Beauharnais l Rise of Napoléon – strong military leader, gained control of all northern Italy for France l Napoléon takes power – coup d’état due to unstable government l Used force to over take power 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Napoléon as Dictator

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Napoléon as Dictator l The Consulate – Napoléon gave himself unlimited power-Dictator l 1799 -1814 Napoleonic Era or Age of Napoleon l First five years were called The Consulate l He wrote a new constitution and put it to the people to vote, which was approved by the people l Accomplishments in government l l 23 Napoléonic Code Bank of France public education-high schools, universities, technical schools Concordat-agreement with the Pope of Roman Catholic Churchacknowledged that most of France was catholic, but allowed religious freedom HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Napoléon as Emperor

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Napoléon as Emperor l French people voted to become an empire l Napoléon crowned himself l Power permanent and hereditary l Defeated Austria, Prussia, Sweden and Russia l Blockade of British Isles 24 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era The Reorganization of

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era The Reorganization of Europe l Increased nationalism – Napoléon placed members of his own family as monarchs of countries he conquered; loyalty and patriotism l The Peninsular War – Spanish and Portuguese revolt against French rule l Drove Napoleon’s family out of rule in Spain 25 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Catastrophe in Russia

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era Catastrophe in Russia l Upset that Russia was trading with Great Brittan, though they were allies with France l The Grand Army of 600, 000 – marched to Russia, but were defeated through lack of proper housing and supplies, scorched earth l Russian winter was coming so the retreated l Final defeat – Western European countries allied against France and Napoleon l Restored the Monarchy to Louis XVIII 26 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era The Hundred Days

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The Napoléonic Era The Hundred Days l During 1814 and early 1815 Napoleon escaped exile in Elba and returned to France l King sent army to capture Napoleon l Napoleon convinced them to join him against king l Napoléon led this army into France drove out the King and ruled for one hundred days until Britain, Prussia, and Netherlands were victorious and forced him into exile 27 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace Bellwork: Page

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace Bellwork: Page 533 # 1& 4 28 l January 15, 1992 Tim Berners-Lee (who invented the world wide web) released the first web browser software. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace The Congress

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace The Congress of Vienna l The principles of the Congress of Vienna, Austria l Restore order, avoid further rebellions against monarchy, keep peace, suppress possible revolutions l Met to achieve stability in Europe and settle Territorial questions l Compensation-the countries that had suffered the most at the hands of Napoleon had to be paid back l balance of power-had to be restored to Europe so that no country became too powerful l Legitimacy-all former ruling families should be restored to their thrones 29 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace Reactionary Alliances

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace Reactionary Alliances l Oppose change and try to undo change. l Restored balance of power l Emphasized conservative view to prevent revolution 30 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace The Age

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY A Return to Peace The Age of Metternich Prince Metternich-a reactionary who believed in absolute monarchy. l Used Secret police and Military suppression to stop liberalism l Liberalism-Extended the ideas of the American and French Revolution. Individual rights and rule of law l Metternich suppressed freedoms such as press and speech 31 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON