HOLT World History CHAPTER 29 THE HUMAN JOURNEY

HOLT World History CHAPTER 29 THE HUMAN JOURNEY Nationalist Movements Around the World Section 1: The British Empire in the Postwar Era Section 2: Turkey, Persia, and Africa Section 3: Unrest in China Section 4: Imperialism in Japan Section 5: Latin America Between the Wars HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The British Empire in the Postwar Era Objectives: l Identify what caused the end of British rule in Egypt and the Middle East. l Describe how the people of India pursued independence. l Explain the British response to calls for change in other parts of the empire. 2 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT World History Section 1: THE HUMAN JOURNEY The British Empire in the Postwar Era Egypt and the Middle East l Independence for Egypt l Became a British Protectorate in 1914 l Independence movement led by Wafd Party l gave independence in 1922 l Anglo-Egyptian Treaty when Italy invaded Ethiopia l British garrison for 20 years 3 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The British Empire in the Postwar Era Egypt and the Middle East l The Middle East l Balfour Declaration (1917) promised support for a Jewish Homeland l Sparked by Zionism l Sparked clashes between Jewish settlers and Arabs in Palestine before WWI- tried to please both sides l Britain separated the two groups 4 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The British Empire in the Postwar Era The Independence Movement in India l Mohandas Gandhi l spiritual and political leader l opposed violence l taught passive resistance l By 1935 India had some self-government, but was really controlled by the British 5 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 1: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY The British Empire in the Postwar Era The Commonwealth Expands l Commonwealth of Nations l Formed 1931 l Favorable trade agreements among Commonwealth member nations helped their economies 6 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Turkey, Persia, and Africa Objectives: l Explain Turkey’s development into a modern republic. l Identify the ideas regarding modern nationalism adopted by Persia. l Describe the effect of World War I on African attitudes toward colonialism. 7 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Turkey, Persia, and Africa Turkey Under Kemal l Separate religion and government l Successful economic programs l Secular schools and colleges l Latin alphabet 8 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Turkey, Persia, and Africa Modernizing Persia l Strengthened army l Built roads and hospitals l Established university 9 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 2: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Turkey, Persia, and Africans Call for Change l Increased political activity – increased education l New political associations and leaders 10 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Unrest in China Objectives: l Describe how resentment of foreign interests led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty. l Identify the ways the nationalist movement in China changed under the leadership of Sun Yixian and Chiang Kai-shek. l Explain the development of communism in China. 11 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Unrest in China The End of the Qing Dynasty l The Boxer Rebellion – attacked foreigners throughout China l Overthrow of the dynasty – Chinese Nationalist Party led by Sun Yixian wanted constitutional government, civil liberties, modernization 12 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Unrest in China Forming the Chinese Republic l Problems with the warlords – revolution and assassination; warlords ruled with personal armies l A split in the Kuomintang – Chiang Kai-shek led conservative right wing; left wing was socialists and Communists l The Nanjing government – industrialization, national bank was established, education improved 13 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 3: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Unrest in China The Growth of Chinese Communism l The Long March – Communists marched on foot to set up new government in Yenan l Mao Zedong – led peasants in Communist army (Red Army) 14 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Imperialism in Japan Objectives: l Explain the Japanese pursuit of expansion that began in the late 1800 s. l Describe the changes in Japanese life during rapid modernization. l Identify the effects of the military on Japan during the 1920 s and the 1930 s. 15 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Imperialism in Japanese Expansion l Korea and Manchuria – Japan wanted new territory for raw materials and markets l The Russo-Japanese War – Russia and Japan fought over Manchuria and Korea l The Treaty of Portsmouth – ended Russo-Japanese War; forced respect for Japan’s strength 16 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Imperialism in Japan Problems of Modernization l Increasing population – higher standards of living, medical care; emigration l Economic trouble – industrialization forced Japan to import raw materials to compete, faced high tariffs on international trade l Social tensions – labor unions, new ideas and arts, work roles shifted 17 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 4: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Imperialism in Japan Growing Influence of the Military l Militarism – military needs, values, and goals shape nation’s policies and lifestyles 18 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Latin America Between the Wars Objectives: l Describe the significant changes in Latin American nations after World War I. l Explain why authoritarian regimes gained power in many Latin American nations. l Describe the relationship between Latin America and the United States. 19 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Latin America Between the Wars Economic, Social, and Political Developments l Economic changes - industrialization l Social changes – immigration from Europe, labor unions l Political changes – political parties backed by middle class 20 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Latin America Between the Wars Economic Crisis and Authoritarianism l The effects of the Great Depression – economies faltered, unemployment spread l Authoritarian regimes – military rulers suppressed dissent, granted favors to loyal supporters 21 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

HOLT Section 5: World History THE HUMAN JOURNEY Latin America Between the Wars Relations with the United States l The Cuban test – Good Neighbor Policy stressed cooperation and noninterference, tested by overthrow of Cuban dictator l Economic nationalism – Mexico nationalized oil industry to settle dispute between workers and oil companies 22 HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON