History of the Internet Dr Maria Elena Villapol

History of the Internet Dr Maria Elena Villapol January 2009

1957 • Spuntnik was launched. • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the Department of Defense (Do. D) was formed as response.

Mid-1960 s Mainframe computers were standalone computers.

ARPA • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the Department of Defense (Do. D) was interested in finding a way to connect computers. • So researchers, they funded could share they findings.

1959 -1967 • There was some research on packet networks: – Lenoard Kleinrock: Information Flow in Large Communication Networks, Ph. D Thesis, 1961. – Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks" - Packet-switching (PS) networks; no single outage point, 1961. – Larry Roberts/Tom Marill publish first paper on network experiments, 1966.

1965 • ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers" – – TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and Q-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) – Question – How were they connected? a) b) c) d) A satellite link A dedicated telephone line. A radio link TV network

1967 • ACM Symposium on Operating Principles: – Larry Roberts presented a plan for a packetswitching network. – Laboratory (NPL) in Middlesex, England develops NPL Data Network under D. W. Davies. Donald Davies Larry Roberts ARPA’s Director

1967 • ARPA wants to build a small computer network. • It is called ARPANET later on. • Host computer would be attached to a specialized computer, called Interface Message Processor, IMP. • An IMP would be connected to one another. • An IMP had to be able to communicate with: – Attached host – Other IMP

1968 • BBN in consulting firm in Cambridge, Massachusetts wins the contract to build the subnet and write the software.

1969 • Question • How many nodes did the very first ARPANET have? a) b) c) d) 2 nodes. 4 nodes. 100 nodes.

1969 • First node at UCLA, Network Measurements Center [SDS SIGMA 7, SEX] : • Soon after at: – Stanford Research Institute (SRI), NIC [SDS 940/Genie] – UCSB, Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics [IBM 360/75, OS/MVT] – Univ of Utah, Graphics [DEC PDP-10, Tenex]

1969 IMP

1969 SRI UCLA

29 Oct 1969 • First Message sent on the Internet. • Question • What was the first message ever sent on the Internet? a) b) c) d) “What hath God Wrought” (Morse, 1844) “Watson, come her, I want you” (Bell, 1876) “LO” (? ? ) “One Giant Leap for Mankind” (Amstrong 1969)

1969 • • Question The news of the first message on the Internet was announced by: a) Yahoo Today News b) Nobody noticed c) Several newspapers, magazines, and radio and television broadcasters around the world.

November 1969

1969: 4 -node ARPANET • The Network Control Protocol (NCP) provides communication between the hosts

1970 • ALOHAnet developed by Norman Abrahamson, Univ of Hawaii. – connected to the ARPANET in 1972

1971 • 15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames.

1971

1973 -1974 • 1973: Vinn Cerf and Bob Kahn design TCP. • 1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP). [IEEE Trans Comm]

1978 • TCP splits into TCP and IP.

1982 • DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. • This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets. • Do. D declares TCP/IP suite to be standard for Do. D.

1986 -1989 • 1986: Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) comes into existence under the IAB. First IETF meeting held in January at Linkabit in San Diego. • 1987: Number of hosts breaks 10, 000 • 1989: Number of hosts breaks 100, 000

1970 -1990 Internet Applications • • E-mail News Remote Login using Telnet, rlogin, ssh File Transfer using FTP

1991 -1993 • 1991: National Science Fundation (NFS) opens Internet for commercial use. • 1992: World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee developer. • 1993: March Andreesson Mosaic Browser

1994 • First spam on the Internet by two Arizonabased attorneys Lawrence Canter and Martha Siegel.

References • Leonard Kleinrock. Brief History of the Internet. http: //www. oid. ucla. edu/webcast/Inet 35/. • R. Zakon. Hobbes' Internet Timeline. http: //www. rfc-editor. org/rfc 2235. txt.