Dermatological Conditions Chapter 12 Pathology Trauma to the

Dermatological Conditions Chapter 12 Pathology

Trauma to the Skin n Blisters q q n Burns q q n What is difference in the severity of grades Who is at risk, interaction of some medications Calluses q q n Hot spots, friction, bulla, improper clothing Tx – drain if necessary, donut, topical antibiotic Proper foot care What is the cause? Chafing q Brought on by sweating, improper clothing; thighs, axilla, jogger’s nipples

Dermatitis/Eczema n Dermatitis q n Eczema q n Brought on by dry skin, excessive bathing, low humidity Skin inflammation Usual symptoms q Dry, flakey, itchy skin

Contact Dermatitis n Brought on by an allergic reaction q n n Poison ivy, sumac, soap, clothing S/S - redness, blistering, itchy Tx q q Topical/oral corticosteroids Oral meds – antihistamines, diphenhydramine

Atopic Dermatitis n n Most common form of eczema Chronic disease Genetic disorder of skin sensitivity to many sources S/S q q n Papules, vesicles, scaly lesions Extreme itching can lead to secondary infection Tx q q q Corticosteroids for itching Antibiotics for infection Aveno* soap, no dyes, natural material for clothing

Chronic Eczema – Acute Stage n n n Large papules (possibly erupting) Hypo/hyperpigmentation Typical areas effected q Children – Extensor surfaces n q Adults – Flexural surfaces n n n front of knees/back of elbows Back of knees/front of elbows Exacerbations – allergies & stress Secondary Issues – staph infection

Ways to Prevent & Tx of Dermatitis n Simple Rules q Treat the itch and avoid the irritant n q q q Corticosteroids, Benadryl/Sudafed(careful of sedation) Treat infection with proper meds Water/lanolin based lotion Avoid harsh soaps/perfume/cosmetics Avoid “hot” showers Wool clothing, control sweating

Infections n Bacterial Infections q n n n Enter through a break in the epidermis Staph Strep Pseudomonas Impetigo – staph infection

Strep Infections n n n Erysipelas -Invasion of deeper tissue Folliculitis – infected hair follicule Pseudomonas aeruginosa q q Form of folliculitis contracted from whirlpools, hot tubs Red papules

Staph Infections - Boils (furuncle) n n n Exhibit drainage & pus Highly infectious Difficult to distinguish from strep unless culture taken Transmitted skin-to-skin Tx topical or oral antibiotics

Boils - treatment n n Invasion of deeper tissue Carbuncle – multiple furuncles Transmitted with towels/clothing Tx q q Moist compress Donut Ickthamol ointment Pull out to release core, NEVER squeeze

Acne Mechanica n n Common adolescent illness Occurs when sebaceous glands become clogged No cure, but can be controlled with meds topical or systemic meds available

Fungal Infections n Common in athletics: 4 Symptoms: q n n warm, dark, moist environments worsened with restrictive clothing/equipment (chafing) Classes=tinea & yeast –small patches of red, scaly, inflamed areas –smooth (not elevated) –severe itching

Tinea Infections (fungal) n n n Spreads easily Difficult to treat because of re-infection Symptoms improve with change in environment Often treatment >1 month Tx 2 wks after sy’s resolve n Symptoms: q q q extreme itching red, scaling, inflamed lesions (fissures) yellowish drainage possible

Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s foot) n n Most frequent tinea infection May accompany yeast infections 1%-3% of people are carriers Rare in prepubertal children

Tinea Cruris n n n Jock itch often originates at feet may affect men or women aggravated by tight clothes spreads easily linens, towels, etc must be changed daily

Tinea Corporis Gladiatorum n n n Tinea of the body “Ringworm” Affects humans & animals Circular pruritic patches --well defined with raised borders Common in wrestling

Yeast Infections - Tinea Versicolor n n n Yeast infection “sun spots” Most apparent after sun exposure (does not tan) Common in trunk, upper arms/legs, neck not contagious n n n Resembles freckles May be asymptomatic or mildly pruritic Tx: selenium sulfide shampoo or oral antibiotics

Parasites - Scabies n n Extremely contagious (mite) Similar to eczema – but no history of disease Kwell soap/shampoo Wash towels/sheets daily

Head Lice n n n Very common in children Contagious Don’t confuse with dandruff

Viral Infections – Herpes Simplex n n n Cold sore, fever blister Common around lips/face Many OTC meds Contagious Lives in nerves, never goes away

Verruca vulgaris - Warts n n n Found on Face, hands, feet (plantar warts) Many methods to destroy Often return