Chapter 7 Airport Charts Chapter 7 Airport Charts

Chapter 7 Airport Charts

Chapter 7 Airport Charts

§ 7. 1 Introduction Formats of Airport Charts: • The “classic” chart format • The “Briefing Strip. TM” chart format

Heading of “classic” chart format The “classic” chart format provides communication information on the right of the chart heading, with airport information on the left.

Heading of “Briefing Strip. TM” chart format This chart format distributes the same information across the top of the chart so that you are reading it from left to right. It’s a widely used format of airport charts.

§ 7. 2 Airport Chart Information The airport chart contains four primary sections: • • Heading Plan view Additional runway information Takeoff and alternate minimums

Heading Plan View

Additional Runway Information Takeoff and Alternate Minimums

§ 7. 2. 1 Heading The top of each airport chart provides standard information about airport, including the location and airport name, elevation, and communication frequencies.

§ 7. 2. 1. 1 Heading Border Distinct areas of the heading: • Location and Airport Name • Chart Index Number and Dates • ICAO Location Identifier and Airport Information • Communications Row

Location and Airport Name Location Name/City Name Airport Name Select the right airport within a particular city

Chart Index Number and Dates Chart Index Number Chart Date

ICAO Location Identifier and Airport Information The airport identifier, unique to each airport, is a combination of the ICAO regional designation and the airport’s governing agency designation （IATA). Airport Identifier ARP Coordinates Airport Elevation Coordinates represent the airport location as provided by the controlling authority

Communications Row ATIS Frequency Delivery Frequency Ground Frequency Tower Frequency Departure Frequency

§ 7. 2. 2 Plan View The airport chart plan view portrays an overhead view of the airport, it can provide you with graphical information about the airport, such as its runways and lighting systems. Except the length and width of stop way and taxiway, lighting system, the other part of charts are portrayed on scale.

§ 7. 2. 2. 1 Scales, Coordinate Tick Marks and Magnetic Variation To help you measure distance, the plan view includes a scale showing both feet and meters. The scale a chart always use range from 1 inch=1000 feet to 1 inch=6000 feet.

Scale of the plan view of this chart is 1 inch=1

Latitude and longitude coordinate tick marks

Magnetic Variation

Longitude Runway Number RVR Tower Scale ARP Runway Elevation Runway Length Latitude Approach Light Magnetic Variation

§ 7. 2. 2. 2 Runway Information The Runway Information is focused on the following items: • Runway Numbers • Runway Elevations and Length • Displaced Thresholds, Stopways, Overruns • Runway Surface • Arrester Gear and Barriers • Non-Runway Landing Areas

Runway Numbers and Magnetic Direction Runway number is magnetic unless followed by “T” for true in the far north. Runway number and, when known, magnetic direction unless followed by “T” for true in the far north.

Seaplane operating area, or water runway. Closed runway. Temporarily closed runways will retain their length and runway numbers.

Runway Elevations and Length of 07 R Runway number and Magnetic Direction Entrance elevation of 07 L Elevations of the runways’ entrance and the lengths of the runways are usually marked at the end and the middle of the runways.

Displaced Thresholds and Stop-ways Displaced thresholds reduce the length of runway available for landings. This portion of runway prior to a displaced threshold is available for takeoffs in either direction, and landings only from the opposite direction. Stopways or overruns areas beyond the takeoff runway at least as wide as the runway and centered upon its extended centerline. They may be used to decelerate an airplane during an aborted takeoff.

Runway Surface In the plan view of the charts, different symbols are used to portray different runway surfaces. Paved runway Unpaved runway, such as turf, dirt, or gravel. The type of surface is usually printed on the chart next to the runway.

Pierced steel planking (PSP) Seaplane operating area or water runway. Dashed lines indicate the operating area. Area under construction

Arrester Gear and Barriers Unidirectional arrester gear Bidirectional arrester gear Jet barrier

Non-Runway Landing Areas In addition to runways, the airport chart indicated landing areas as follows: Helicopter landing pad Authorized landing area (may be used on Australia charts with limited runway source information

§ 7. 2. 2. 3 Taxiways and Aprons Taxiway and apron Permanently closed Taxiway Designated stop bar or designated holding position Category Ⅱ/Ⅲ holding position

§ 7. 2. 2. 4 Airport Facilities Buildings RVR with letter ARP Airport Identification Beacon Navids RVR Cone Tetrahedron

Buildings Large Buildings

Airport Reference Point The airport reference point (ARP) is at the approximate geographic center of all usable runway surfaces, and is the point from which official latitude and longitude coordinates are derived. The center of the crosshairs marks the ARP’s exact location. When the ARP is on a runway centerline, an arrow points to its exact location.

Navigational aids On-airport navaid, such as VOR , NDB , or LCTR (locators, other than locators associated with ILS). When navaids are offset from the runway, you may need to make significant adjustments in your final approach course, once the runway is in slight.

RVR measuring devices RVR measuring site (transimissometer). The primary instrument runways at major airports may have as many as three transimissometers providing RVR readings, which include touchdown RVR, mid-RVR, and rollout RVR with letter

Wind direction indicators Cone or wind sock. It is used at both towered and non-towered airports. It can provide the present wind conditions near the runway’s touchdown zone. Wind tee. Determine the wind direction from a wind tee, but it doesn't indicate wind intensity or gusty conditions. The tail of the tee aligns itself like a weather vane into the wind, so you can take off or land on the runway that most closely parallels the direction of the tee.

Tetrahedron. It is a landing direction indicator, usually located near a wind direction indicator. It may swing around with the small end pointing into the wind, or it may be manually positioned to show landing direction.

§ 7. 2. 5 Lights and Beacons The majority of lighting symbols on the airport diagram are approach lights and beacons. • Approach Lights • Beacons

Approach Lights Name Approach light system with sequenced flashing lights Abbreviation ALSF-I Chart Symbol Real Composing

Name Approach light system with sequenced flashing lights and red side row lights the last 1, 000′ Abbreviation ALSF-II Chart Symbol Real Composing

Name Medium intensity approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights. Abbreviation MALSR Chart Symbol Real Composing

Name Abbreviation Medium intensity approach light system with sequenced flashing lights MALSF Chart Symbol Real Composing

Name Abbreviation Omnidirectional approach light system ODALS Chart Symbol Real Composing

Name Runway alignment indicator lights Abbreviation RAIL Chart Symbol Real Composing

Name CALVERT Approach Lights Abbreviation CALVERT Chart Symbol Real Composing

Name CALVERT（ CATⅡ/Ⅲ） Approach Lights Chart Real Abbreviation Symbol Composing CALVERT（ CATⅡ/Ⅲ）

Beacons are depicted on the airport diagram as stars “ ”. When the depicted beacon is the airport identification beacon, the star is circled “ ” and may appear with its MSL elevation.

Reference Points Unknown Structure Tower Man-made Reference Points Building Road Railway Pole Line Lighted Pole

Nature Terrain Natural Reference Points Bluff Trees

§ 7. 2. 3 Additional Runway Information Some required airport information, such as lighting systems and usable lengths, cannot be portrayed in enough detail in the airport chart plan view. These information appears below the plan view in the box titled “Additional Runway Information. ” This table provides information for each runway charted in the airport diagram, except for permanently closed runways, ultralight runways, and ski strips.

Additional Runway Information of Hong Kong INTL Runway Light System RVR Note Usable Length Runway Width

The first column lists each runway, grouped in approach end pairs. Three types of information are provided for each runway: • Lighting systems and equipment • Usable lengths • Width

§ 7. 2. 3. 1 Lighting Systems and Equipment Runway light System includes HIRL 、CL、TDZ. The interval of HIRL is 60 m；interval of CL is 15(30)m

Runway Light System • • HIRL CL TDZ HST

Approach Lights Approach light---ALSF-Ⅱ

Approach Lights RVR

§ 7. 2. 3. 2 Usable Lengths Usable lengths

§ 7. 2. 3. 3 Runway Width

You can also determine the runway width by counting the number of runway threshold stripes, as indicated in the following table:

§ 7. 2. 3. 4 Runway Restriction Notes Runway is grooved; PAPI of 07 L is fixed at the left of runway , angle 3°; PAPI of 25 R is fixed at the right of runway , angle 3°; HSTIL are located at High-speed taxiways A 4 and A 6.

§ 7. 2. 4 Minimums The bottom part of an airport chart includes up to three separate sections: • Takeoff minimums • Obstacle departure procedures • Alternate minimums

CL operative, centre line of the runway can be seen. One of the TDZ, middle and end of the runaway RVR inoperative, meanwhile the other two operative, the minimum for take off is RVR 600 FT. Minimum for adequate Vis Reference One or Two engines, RVR 50(5000 FT) or VIS 1 mile; Three or Four engines, RVR 24(2400 FT) or VIS 1/2 mile.

Take off from 6 R, keep Minimum climb grads 281 FT/MIN until climb to 400 FT. When take off from 6 R, the light、visual reference couldn’t meet the standard, the take off minimum require ceiling to be 200 ft, meanwh ile VIS 1. 25 SM.

The following is a part of Hong Kong airport which is revised on October 28 th, 2005. The minimums for the air carriers which adopt JAA and FAR 121 take off from Hong Kong are listed in the following chart. For all airports authorized Category Ⅱ/Ⅲ, if the RVR/VIS is below 400 m, It is required to establish and apply LVP procedure when taking off.

Takeoff minimums published under the title “AIR CARRIER (JAA)” are based on JAR OPS-1 Subpart E. These minimums are provided for operators not applying takeoff minimums as specified under AIR CARRIER. They are shown in the following table. The criterion of this table is the category of aircraft, but not according to the number of engines, as FAR dose.

§ 7. 2. 4. 2 Obstacle Departure Procedures

§ 7. 2. 4. 3 Alternate Minimums When preparing your IFR flight plan, you must consider the weather reports and forecasts for your destination airport at your estimated time of arrival, plus or minus one hour. If the weather conditions are poorer than those specified by the governing agency, you must list an alternate airport on your flight plan. To qualify as an alternate, the airport you select, and its forecasted weather for your arrival time, must meet certain conditions.