Chapter 18 The Eighteenth Century European States International

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Chapter 18 The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

Chapter 18 The Eighteenth Century: European States, International Wars, and Social Change

The European States § Enlightened Absolutism? § Natural Rights § § § Characteristics Declaration

The European States § Enlightened Absolutism? § Natural Rights § § § Characteristics Declaration of Independence Enlightened rulers § § How they were to rule if they applied these ideas? The Atlantic Seaboard States § France: The Long Rule of Louis XV § § § Rules 1715 -1774 1743 decides to rule alone Louis XVI, 1774 -1792

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p. 546

Great Britain: King & Parliament § § United Kingdom of Great Britain, 1707 Ministers

Great Britain: King & Parliament § § United Kingdom of Great Britain, 1707 Ministers chosen by the king to make § § Parliament has legislative power § § Makeup of Parliament Hanoverians – George I, 1714 -1727 and George II, 1727 -1760 § § § Set policy and guide Parliament Robert Walpole, 1721 -1742, prime minister William Pitt, the Elder George III, (1760 -1820) § William Pitt, the Younger

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p. 544

Chronology, p. 547

Chronology, p. 547

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe § § Prussia: The Army and The Bureaucracy

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe § § Prussia: The Army and The Bureaucracy Frederick William I, 1713 -1740 § § § General Directory Highly efficient Bureaucracy Army § § Junkers Frederick II, the Great, 1740 -1786 § Well educated § § Enlightenment thought Reforms: Law code, Civil liberties Socially and politically conservative Use of the Army § Expansion

Map 18 -1, p. 547

Map 18 -1, p. 547

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p. 549

The Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs § Empress Maria Theresa, 1740 -1780 § §

The Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs § Empress Maria Theresa, 1740 -1780 § § § Austria culturally divided Practical reforms but conservative Joseph II, 1780 -1790 § Reforms § § § Abolishes serfdom New penal code Reforms overwhelming

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p. 549

Russia Under Catherine the Great, 1762 -1796 § § § Reform – Instruction, 1767

Russia Under Catherine the Great, 1762 -1796 § § § Reform – Instruction, 1767 Strengthens landholders at expense of serfs Rebellion of Emelyan Pugachev, 1773 -1775 Territorial expansion Poland § General Thaddeus Kosciuszko

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Map 18 -2, p. 553

Map 18 -2, p. 553

Enlightened Absolutism Revisited § Only Joseph II sought radical changes based on Enlightenment ideas

Enlightened Absolutism Revisited § Only Joseph II sought radical changes based on Enlightenment ideas § § § Abolished serfdom Equality before the law No death penalty Religious toleration German used as official gov. language to unify Political and social realities § § Alienated the nobility (no more free workers) Serfs or rather free peasants were now poor Made the Catholic Church mad about toleration Non-Germans unhappy about official language

Chronology, p. 552

Chronology, p. 552

The Mediterranean World § § § Philip V Portugal § Marquis of Pombal Italian

The Mediterranean World § § § Philip V Portugal § Marquis of Pombal Italian States § § Bourbons of Spain Scandinavian States § Charles XII King Gustavus III § King Christian VII §

Chronology, p. 553

Chronology, p. 553

Wars and Diplomacy § § European rivalries: The War of the Austrian Succession (17401748)

Wars and Diplomacy § § European rivalries: The War of the Austrian Succession (17401748) § § Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) Seven Years’ War (1756 -1763) § European War § § § Peace of Hubertusburg (1763) Indian War North American War § Treaty of Paris (1763)

Map 18 -3, p. 555

Map 18 -3, p. 555

p. 556

p. 556

Economic Expansion & Social Change § Population and Food § Population Growth § §

Economic Expansion & Social Change § Population and Food § Population Growth § § § Family, Marriage, and Birthrate Patterns § Nuclear family § § § Falling death rate Improvements in diet Ideal growing conditions New crops Late marriages Limits on the birthrate New Methods of Finance § § § National debt National Banks Cottage industry for textiles

Chronology, p. 556

Chronology, p. 556

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p. 564

The Social Order of the Eighteenth Century § § § Patterns of society Forces

The Social Order of the Eighteenth Century § § § Patterns of society Forces of change The Peasants § § § General situation Compulsory services Importance of the village Domination by wealthy landowners The Nobility § § § Privileges of the nobility Military service Moving into the ranks of the nobility

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p. 568

Inhabitants of Towns and Cities § § Townspeople still a minority of the population

Inhabitants of Towns and Cities § § Townspeople still a minority of the population Importance of towns § § § Centers of culture Urban oligarchy Middle class Petty bourgeoisie Laborers Sanitation and poverty

p. 570

p. 570

Timeline, p. 573

Timeline, p. 573

Discussion Questions § § § How did enlightenment ideas help form Enlightened Absolutes in

Discussion Questions § § § How did enlightenment ideas help form Enlightened Absolutes in Europe in the 18 th century? What do you think are the reasons for the rise of enlightened monarchs in Central Europe? Who was Frederick II and what was his impact on the history, culture and laws of Europe? What started the Seven Years War? How did the war progress and ultimately who won? What were some of the changes in social order in the 18 th century? Where did Poland go?

Chapter 18 The Eighteenth Century European States InternationalChapter 18 The Eighteenth Century European States International
Chapter 18 The Eighteenth Century European States InternationalChapter 18 The Eighteenth Century European States International
Chapter 18 The Eighteenth Century European States InternationalChapter 18 The Eighteenth Century European States International
Ch 18 The Eighteenth Century European States InternationalCh 18 The Eighteenth Century European States International
Ch 18 The Eighteenth Century European States InternationalCh 18 The Eighteenth Century European States International
Ch 18 The Eighteenth Century European States InternationalCh 18 The Eighteenth Century European States International
SPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 18 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY EUROPEAN STATESSPIELVOGEL CHAPTER 18 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY EUROPEAN STATES
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