Week 1 Introductions l Course Outline Course Outcomes

Week 1 Introductions l Course Outline – Course Outcomes – Evaluation Plan – Textbook Schedule [Syllabus] l Academic Integrity l Student Introductions l Learning Style / Multiple Intelligences l Analysis of the Story of Architecture l Settlement to 1 st Civilization Module 1 Architectural History l Assignment 1: Home l 1

Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them!

Architectural Quotes

Module 1 Architectural History 4

Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world Handout: Learning Styles and Strategies Questionnaire The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them! Using the shared Excel Document. Type your name on the MI Sheet and place 1 across the talents column you think you posses

Introduce Yourself and tell us your most favorite building in the world The next person tells the name(s) and favorite building(s) of all the persons before them! Multiple Intelligences summary

Experiential Learning Cycle l l l What is Experiential Learning? Experiential Learning is an approach to learning in which participants engage in an activity, reflect on the activity critically, and obtain useful insight and learnings. Learning which is developed experientially is "owned" by the learner and becomes an effective and integral aspect of behavioral change. Skill development, versus simply acquiring knowledge and concepts, occurs through Experiential Learning. http: //www. universityassociates. com/DELMFull. ht ml

What is the Experiential Learning Cycle? l l l The Experiential Learning Cycle includes five sequential steps, or stages. The steps are as follows: Experiencing: (This is the initial stage of the cycle): Almost any activity that involves self-assessment or interpersonal interaction may be used as the "doing" part of experiential learning. Publishing: After participants have experienced an activity, they are ready to share or publish what they observed and how they felt during that experience. Processing: (This is the pivotal step in the experiential learning cycle). This step, referred to as the group dynamics stage, includes systematic examination of shared experiences by the members of the group. Generalizing: In this stage, the members of the group begin to focus on their awareness of situations in their personal or work lives that are similar to those they experienced in the group. Applying: In this final stage, the facilitator helps participants apply generalizations to actual situations in which they are involved.

Experiential Learning Differences between experiential learning and conventional training and teaching http: //www. businessballs. com/experiential_learning. htm

Chapter 2: Settlement to First Civilizations What are the Issues of Settlement? History of Architecture HIST 12797 Module 1 Architectural History 11

Homo sapiens populates the globe Source (1) Cro-Magnon 120, 000 BP [Before Present] Based on fossil evidence Module 1 Architectural History 12

Homo sapiens populates the globe Source (1) 30, 000 BP Module 1 Architectural History 13

Homo sapiens populates the globe Source (1) 10, 000 BP Module 1 Architectural History Population about 4 million 14

Homo sapiens populates the globe Early hunter-gatherers followed their food source (1) migrating herds – of woolly mammoths, aurochs, bison, horses (2) seasonal plant growth such as fruit and grains l Most of wild land biomass is: – dangerous to hunt or difficult to gather – indigestible or even poisonous Cro-Magnon Dwelling, Ukraine – low in nutritional value – tedious to make edible Module 1 Architectural History 15

Huts of Terra Amata, France 400, 000 – 300, 000 B. C. [Paleolithic Era] (paleo=old; lithic=stone) l Located near Nice, France, Terra Amata was a stone age hunt camp. Huts were made of branches tied together. Only traces remain today. Reconstruction is based on post holes and rocks around the perimeter These are the oldest man-made structures known l Anthropologic Periods l – – – Paleolithic before 8200 BC Mesolithic 8200 – 4800 BC Neolithic 4800 – 2200 BC Bronze Age 2200 – 100 BC Iron Age 100 BC – present Module 1 Architectural History 16 http: //www. wort-und-wissen. de/sij 112/img/sij 112 -7 -2. gif

Settlement after the last Ice Age Source (1) Civilization starts here Paleolithic–Neolithic-Bronze–Iron Age Module 1 Architectural History 12, 000 BC ---- to ------ > 17 Today

Settlement after the last Ice Age Cultivation after 10, 000 BP, gatherers no longer relied on chance encounters with edible plants – purposely sow —> harvest —> resow seeds to produce food Bringing land under cultivation enables it support 10 to 100 times more people. Domesticating animals introduced readily available source of protein, non-food products, natural fertilizer, and work power. Module 1 Architectural History 18

Group Discussion: What are the Issues of Settlement Form a group at each table l Discuss what issues homo sapiens encountered when they stopped being hunter/gatherers and settled in one place. l Write out the issues using Post-It Notes (or the Shared Power. Point Document). l What kind of issues? How did they deal with them? What kind of solutions did they come up with? With what? l Module 1 Architectural History 19

Module 1 Architectural History 20

Group Discussion: Issues of Settlement Are there common themes to the items you have identified? l Can you group them on the board under one of the following categories? l – Technology – Function – Expression – Culture Module 1 Architectural History 21

The Elements of Architecture Architectural Expression Style Technology Culture Function Module 1 Architectural History 22

The Elements of Architecture Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book “de Architectura”, identified three of the main elements of architecture: 1. “Commoditie” or Utility = Function How is the Building to be used? Architectural Brief, Functional Programme, Circulation + Wayfinding, Space Planning 2. “Firmeness” or Strength = Technology How does the Building stand up? Materials. Structure, Building Envelope, Sustainable Development, Life Cycle Analysis, Details Module 1 Architectural History 23

The Elements of Architecture Roman architect Vitruvius, in his book “de Architectura”, identified three of the main elements of architecture: 3. “Delight” or Grace = Expression Is the Building attractive or beautiful? Architectural Style, Building Design By looking back in time with our perspective on history, we can add 4. Culture = lifestyle, beliefs, traditions, economics, social structure and artistic sensibilities Module 1 Architectural History 24

The Elements of Architecture Module 1 Architectural History 25

Sources and References (1) Dr. Barbara J. Becker, Department of History, University of California, Irvine. HISTORY 135 E: “Spinning the Web of Ingenuity: An Introduction to the History of Technology. ” Winter 2004 l https: //eee. uci. edu/clients/bjbecker/Spinning. Web/index. htm Paleolithic Period l http: //www. culture. fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/ Neolithic Period/Stonehenge l http: //www. jamesmdeem. com/cavestory 3. htm Culture: l l http: //skunk 120. hubpages. com/hub/Architecture-and-Culture http: //rmnathan. hubpages. com/hub/Culture_and_Houses# 26 Module 1 Architectural History

K A Architectural Quotes E R B s 0 e t 1 u n i m

http: //www. livescience. com/34128 -limits-human-survival. html What do we humans need to survive? Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter 28

http: //www. livescience. com/34128 -limits-human-survival. html What do we humans need to survive? l "rule of threes" dictates how long we can forgo air, water and food lroughly three minutes, three days and three weeks, respectively Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter 29

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter 30

The invention of Agriculture changed the way people lived. l Agriculture (Farming) l Growth of Cities l Division of Labor (Specialization) l Trade l Writing and Mathematics

Origins and Spread of Agriculture

First Civilization Egypt, Asian, India and Mesopotamia

• Sumerian Civilization - Tigris & Euphrates Rivers (Mesopotamia) / Cunieform • Egyptian Civilization - Nile River / Hieroglyphics • Harappan Civilization - Indus River / Indus Script • Ancient China - Huang He (Yellow) River / Chinese Characters

Early River Valley Civilizations Environment Sumer Egypt Indus Valley China • Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates is unpredictable • No natural barriers • Limited natural resources for making tools or buildings • Flooding of the Nile is predictable • Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s villages • Deserts were natural barriers • Indus flooding is unpredictable • Monsoon winds • Mountains, deserts were natural barriers • Huang He flooding is unpredictable • Mountains, deserts natural barriers • Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations

Search the internet l l Groups of 4 or more Search each of the 4 early civilization using the architectural framework that influenced architecture: – – l l Culture Function Technology Expression Place your research in the Shared Power. Point document Remember to copy the URL as well to properly cite your sources

HOA 12797 is a course that will bring forward the analysis of how culture, technology, function and architectural expressions mold the space and form of a building Culture Technology Architecture Space and Form Architectural Expression Module 2 Answering the need for Shelter Function Building Types 38

Share your PPT l l l l What have you discovered about the 1 st civilization? How did they build their structures? What materials did they use? How did they try to adapt to the environment? What type of functional spaces did they provide for? Who were involved in the construction of this structures What kind of expression of forms did they articulate? Other questions?

1 st Civilization Summary

Comparative Timeline

re tu nolo gy C ul Tec h re Fortified Turkish Village n tio p Ex nc Fu n o i ss Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 18

Indus Valley

Major Sites and Interaction Networks Indus Valley

Corbeled drain at Mound ET gateway Harappa, Indus Valley

workmen's platforms, and were first thought to have been used to thresh grain Harappa, Indus Valley

"Great Granary“ (2450 B. C) Harappa, Indus Valley

Reconstruction of houses of the prehistoric village of Aaiun in Mesopotamia

Çatal Hüyük, Turkey Existed from approximately 7500 BCE to 5700 BCE. It is the largest and best preserved Neolithic site found to date. [Discovered 1961] 61

Çatal Hüyük, Turkey Reconstruction Phases in use & Rebuilding 64

Çatal Hüyük, Turkey Interior Reconstruction 65

Egypt The Geometry of the Immortal

http: //home. comcast. net/~Diaz. Students/whistory_units 1. htm#egypt 1

A. Harvesting grain; B. Musicians play for the workers in the fields; C. Women winnowing the grain; D. Scribes tally the farmer’s taxes; E. The farmer’s son tending the livestock / cattle.

Wealthy man’s house at Amarna.

Mud Brickmaking 73

Te ch no log e ltur u C y sion s e r Exp tio n http: //www. crystalinks. com/egypthomes. html nc Fu Ancient Egyptian Homes

re tu Cul Tec hno log y Ancient Egyptian House ssio e r xp nc Fu E n n tio Reader’s Digest Everyday Life Through the Ages Page 26

r ultu Te y chn C olo g io ess r p x E n tio n http: //www. crystalinks. com/egypthomes. html nc Fu Ancient Egyptian Homes e

CHINA

CHINA

Huts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community CHINA

Huts of Banpo Matriarchal Clan Community CHINA

http: //www. historyforkids. org/learn/china/ar chitecture/

Sources and References Marketing 4 marketeers http: //marketing 4 marketeers. wordpress. com/2010/05/07/market ing-to-one-buyer-at-a-time/ l http: //www. harappa. com/har 0. htmlhttp: //www. harappa. co m/har/indus-saraswati-geography. html l http: //www. harappa. com/indus 2/oldworld. html l http: //www. harappa. com/indus 2/timeline. html Module 1 Architectural History 83

Generalization and Application What have we learned from our beginnings? 1 st Civilization: Egypt, Asian, India and Mesopotamia (GA)

Generalization and Application l Having researched and share the challenges faced by our ancestors from the 1 st civilization and seen how Technology, Expression, Culture and Function influenced the shape and form of their architecture use the Shared Power. Point document provided and : – write a generalization about the period (focus on housing only) 1 to 2 sentences should be enough. – write down as well in the same slide how you think you can apply what you have learned from this topic. Focus on your future career as an architectural technologist/technician – Provide images to highlight your points

Assignment 1 l Home Video (open the word document Module 1 Architectural History 86

Assignment 2 l Toronto Tour (open the Power. Point document) Module 1 Architectural History 87

See you next meeting for another great adventure in the history of Architecture!