The Five isms Ideology Ideology is how a
- Slides: 38
The Five “isms”
Ideology • “Ideology” is how a person thinks politically. • “Ideology” is how a person would like to see the world operate.
• “ Canada’s participation in the Afghanistan conflict is an ideological one. ” • “Some peoples’ ideology says criminals should be punished and not rehabilitated”
The Five Major “isms” • There are five ideological “isms” that are the root of every political system in the world! • Understand these 5 “isms”, and you understand every type of government system ever!
The Five “isms” are: • • • Liberalism Conservatism Socialism Communism Fascism/Totalitarianism
Liberalism • a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavor, and governmental guarantees of individual rights and civil liberties.
Liberal Characteristics • Belief that deep down, most humans are good. • Government not necessary to control people. • Liberals believe in change ( the world is not as good as it could
• Believe that personal freedoms are important. • Believe that it is government’s job to take ensure all citizens get access to: - jobs - shelter - healthcare
• Liberals believe in: - freedom of speech - human rights - equality - freedom of press - poverty is not always a person’s fault
Conservatism • A political philosophy or attitude emphasizing respect for traditional institutions, distrust of government activism, and opposition to sudden change in the established order.
Conservative Characteristics: • Conservatives believe change is bad. • They want to “conserve” society the way it is… the way the world works has worked for them! • Conservatives look to the past … “ things were better in
• Deep down, conservatives distrust humans and feel a strong government is necessary to keep people from rioting and chaos. • Conservatives believe government’s job is to preserve the way things work and
• Conservatives believe: - human rights should be limited and can be taken away if necessary. - censorship may be necessary if an emergency threatens society. - too much democracy can be a bad thing.
• Conservatives believe the government should promote morality within society. • Conservatives believe poverty is a choice.
Socialism • A theory or system of social reform which contemplates a complete reconstruction of society, with a more just and equitable distribution of property and labor.
• Socialism grew out of the abuses shown workers during the Industrial Revolution in Europe. • Too many workers were suffering, paid little money, lived in horrible houses etc…
Socialist Characteristics: • The role of government is to take care of their citizens from “cradle to grave”. • All means of production are owned and controlled by the state…there is no private ownership! • All people are seen as equal.
• Socialist nations tend to tax citizens very high! ( 50% - 60% income tax) • These taxes are used to give equal opportunity to all citizens like: - education - healthcare - old-age homes/pensions
• Socialism also focuses on the basics for everybody: - jobs - healthcare - housing - education
Communism • Communism is a more radical form of socialism. • Communism was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels…Two Germans who saw the abuses of the rich against the poor during the Industrial Revolution.
Communist Characteristics: • Communism has many common characteristics with socialism: - no private property…government authority owns all means of production. - all society seen as equals or
• Communists believe that history has been the struggle between rich and poor. • Communists are different from socialists in that communists believe a revolution between the world’s rich and poor must occur so that all wealth may be re-distributed…the wealthy will never give up their wealth
“Workers of the world unite…. you have nothing to lose but your chains!” Karl Marx
• Communists believe all citizens should work hard in order to make their nation strong… • If everybody chipped in and worked together and new utopian society would exist…no crime, no war, no government, no poverty, no
• Communists believed that a strong dictatorship was necessary in the beginning so that all the wealth could be redistributed…but soon after, the dictatorship would “wither away” and disappear.
Fascism ( or, Totalitarianism) • a governmental system led by a dictator having complete power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all industry, commerce, etc. , and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism and often racism.
Fascist Characteristics • Fascist nations are also called dicatorships. • One-person rule. • Dictator almost always supported by a bought-off military to protect their rule.
• Fascists always “look to the past” for a better rolemodel…i. e. Italy looked to its “Roman Empire” past glory. • Mussolini told Italians in the 1930’s “ We were once a mighty empire and we can be the mighty Roman empire again!”
• Fascists take away human rights and freedoms in exchange for protection and prosperity…. ( scared nations who feel threatened are often ripe targets for fascists. ) • Fascists often use secret police to spy on people, and arrest, or torture, or kill citizens seen as a threat.
• Fascist governments do not hold elections…or, if they do, there is only one name on the ballot. • Fascists often are corrupt and steal money from the people. • Fascists often make deals with corporations…the people work as cheap labour and dictator pockets the $$$
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