Teamwork Jos Onofre Montesa Andrs Universidad Politcnica de

Teamwork José Onofre Montesa Andrés Universidad Politécnica de Valencia Escuela Superior de Informática Aplicada 2003 -2004 Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork

Introduction • The actually need of obtain new products in a little time. • Teamwork are associate with effectiveness and efficiency. • In same situations individual human being is insufficient, and this is the reason management needs to focus on teams. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 1

Why have teams become so popular? • Outperforms individuals when the task being done require: – Multiple skills. – Judgment. – Experience. • Better utilize employee talents. • More flexibility. • Motivational properties. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 2

Difference between group and team. • Group interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each member perform within his or her area of responsibility. • Work team is a group whose individual effort in a performance that is greater than the sum of those individual inputs. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 3

Work group Work teams Synergy and coordinated effort Share information Neutral (st. negative) Individual Random and varied Goal Collective Performance Synergy Positive Accountability Individual and mutual Skills Complementary Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 4

Team work are interesting for management • If we have positive synergy – We will increase output with no increase in inputs. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 5

Types of teams • Problem Solving Teams • Self-managed Work Teams • Cross-functional Teams Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 6

Problem Solving Teams • 5 -12; = dep. ; few h/week; improve q. • Example: quality circles ? Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 7

Self-managed Work Teams • Groups of 10 a 15 people who take on responsibilities of their former supervisors. • Include – Collective control over the pace of work, – Work assignments. – Organization of breaks. – Choice of inspection procedures. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 8

Cross-functional Teams • Employees from about the same hierarchical level, but from different work areas, who come together to accomplish a task. • Task force (temporary) • Committees Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 9

Linking Teams and group concepts. • • • Size of Work Teams Abilities of members Allocating Roles Diversity Having a Commitment to a Common Purpose Establishing Specific Goals Leadership and Structure Social Loafing and Accountability Performance Evaluation and Rewards. High Mutual Trust Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 10

Size of Work Teams • Best smalls. – More than 10 to 12 members difficult… • Large can’t develop… – Cohesiveness, commitment, and mutual accountability. • If we have more… break the group into subgroups. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 11

Abilities of members • Complementary • Types – Technical expertise, – Problem solving and decisionmaking skills, – Interpersonal skills. • Don’t need to have all the complementary skills in place at their beginning…same can learn, … but is necessary to reach its full potential. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 12

Allocating Roles • Put individuals into jobs that are compatible with their personalities. • People should be selected for a team based on their personalities and preferences. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 13

Team Roles • Creator-innovators • Imaginative and good at initiating ideas. . • Independent and work on their own. • Explorer-Promoters • Like to take new ideas and champion their cause. • Assessor-Developers • Analyze decision options Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 14

Team Roles • Thruster-Organizers – Provides structure • Concluder-Producers – Provide direction and follow through. • Controller. Inspectors – Check for details Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 15

Team Roles • Upholder. Maintainers – Fight external battles. • Reporter-Advisers – Seek full information. • Linkers – Coordinate and integrate. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 16

Diversity • Managers need to understand the individuals strengths that each person can bring to a team. • Football, … – Better if different people – Need people in all the functions. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 17

Having a Commitment to a Common Purpose • Does the team a meaningful purpose that all members aspire to? – Apple – Macintosh • Members of successful teams put a tremendous amount of time and effort into discussing, shaping and agreeing on propose that belongs to them both collective and individually. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 18

Establishing Specific Goals • Successful teams translate their common purpose into: – specific – Measurable – Realistic • Goals Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 19

Leadership and Structure • To provide focus and direction. • By managers or other members, better: – Explorer-promoter, thruster-organizer, concluder-producer, upholder-maintainer, or Linker. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 20

Social Loafing and Accountability • It’s limited. – People know their responsibilities as team and individually. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 21

Performance Evaluation and Rewards • Reflect team performance. – Group based appraisal, Profit sharing, . Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 22

High Mutual Trust • Characterize high performance teams. • But trust is fragile – It takes a long time to build – Can be easy destroyed – Is hard to regain. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 23

High Mutual Trust – Integrity. • Honesty and truthfulness – Competence • Technical, interpersonal – Consistency • Reliability, Predictability and good judgment – Loyalty • Willingness to protect and save face for a person. – Openness • Willingness to share ideas and information freely. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 24

Building trust • Demonstrate that you are working for others’ interest as well as your own. • Be a team player (defend). • Practice openness. • Be fair (objectivity and fairness). • Speak your feelings (human). • Show consistency in the basic values that guide your decision making. • Maintain confidences. • Demonstrate competence. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 25

Turning individuals into team players. • Many people are not inherently team players. • Individual achievements • Loners • Steps – The challenge – Shaping Team Players – Rewards Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 26

The challenge • A barrier to teams is individual resistance – Success no as individual performance – Sublimate personal goals for the good of teams. • The challenge is greatest if – Culture is individualistic – Historically we have reward individuals. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 27

Shaping Team Players • Selection – What do you think about teamwork? • Training – Experience the satisfaction that teamwork can provide • Rewards – Promotions, pay raises, …, should be given to individuals for how effective they are as team members. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 28

And when it works • If teams are mature and performing, • Manager’s job isn’t over. . . – Stagnant – Complacent • Managers need to support teams with: – Advice and guidance, – Training if these teams are to continue improve. Gpi. I-2 B Teamwork 29