REVIEW THE FRENCH REVOLUTIO N France from 1787

REVIEW!

THE FRENCH REVOLUTIO N France from 1787 -1799

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS USING THE ARTICLE 1. Why does Linda Civitello say bakers were “public servants” in France? 2. Why did bread prices rise in 1789? 3. Why is July 14, 1789 significant? 4. Why did cooks and servants have to find jobs in restaurants during the Revolution?

EUROPE BEFORE THE FRENCH REVOLUTION ØThe Reformation = Protestant and Catholic rivalry ØAge of Exploration = Wealthy monarchies, poor citizens ØAge of Absolutism = Limited/no rights for citizens, abuse of power ØEnlightenment = citizens are empowered by philosophes ØThe American Revolution = proof of successful revolution

TROUBLE IN FRANCE The Monarchy Food Shortage • Louis XIV, XV, and XVI • Crop failure made food too • Luxury and war • Versailles was teeming with spent recklessly • Rulers were unfit to rule expensive food—none was given to the starving poor

THE MONARCHY King Louis XVI Queen Marie Antoinette

FOOD SHORTAGE

FUEL FOR THE FIRE • The American Revolution • The Enlightenment The French heard that the The French public read Americans overthrew the English monarchy and the philosophes and wanted to do the same. wanted rights and representation in government.

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

WARM-UP 1. What is a mob? 2. What role did bread play in the French Revolution? 3. Who was the French king at the start of the French Revolution? 4. Who was Marie Antoinette?

FRENCH SOCIETY 3 rd Estate 2 nd Estate 1 st Estate

THE ESTATES GENERAL Group Activity

THE ESTATES GENERAL 1. We will get into groups of 3. 2. Each member is responsible for a different Estate. 3. You will each come up with a brief pros and cons statement about your Estate and share it with your group. 4. Afterward, on your own you will write an editorial to describe the inequities of the 3 rd Estate.

WARM-UP 1. Who are the members of the 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd Estates? 2. Which group had the most representatives in the Estates General? 3. Roughly how many people were represented by the 3 rd Estate? 4. What did John Locke say citizens should do if they aren’t being given their natural rights?

THE THIRD ESTATE • In May 1789, the 1 st and 2 nd Estates locked the 3 rd out of the Estates General • The 3 rd Estate gathered at a nearby tennis handball court.

THE TENNIS COURT OATH

THE TENNIS COURT OATH • Created the National Assembly • Promised to write a constitution

DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN, AUGUST 1789—PARAPHRASE! 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. 4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else 6. Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative. 10. No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views

STORMING THE BASTILLE JULY 1789 The Revolution Begins

STORMING THE BASTILLE • Bastille = prison and armory in which many prisoners were held without trial

THE GREAT FEAR • Nobles fled Paris and became emigres. • The poor were armed!

THE WOMEN’S MARCH • In October 1789, Parisian women marched to Versailles to drag the royal family out of the palace and back to Paris.

ROYAL FAMILY HELD CAPTIVE • The royal family was brought to Paris to be held as prisoners of the mob.

FRANCE UNDER THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • Church under state control • Legislative Assembly has more power • Many factions • War with Austria • National Convention

THE GUILLOTINE • Dr. Joseph Guillotin • Meant to be a humane execution • Used on Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in 1793

THE REIGN OF TERROR France after the death of the king

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE • Anti-monarchy • Part of the Jacobin faction • Lead the Committee of Public Safety • 40, 000 died during his Reign of Terror • Executed in July 1794!

DOCUMENT SET: THE REIGN OF TERROR 1. Take out a sheet of loose leaf paper. 2. Number your paper 1 -5 and leave a space in between. 3. Summarize sources 1 -5 in 1 -2 sentences. Focus on how they give evidence of the Terror getting worse.

TAKE AN ARTICLE FROM THE CART AND ANSWER THE 6 QUESTIONS ON LOOSE LEAF PAPER. Warm-Up

USE THE 15 KEY TERMS IN A DESCRIPTIVE SUMMARY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. The Age of Revolutions Key Terms

THE END OF THE TERROR Chaos after the death of Robespierre, July 1794 -1799

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE • Born in Corsica, Italy • Became a French citizen and joined the French army • General at a young age • 1799: overthrew the Directory

NAPOLEON AS FIRST CONSUL • Napoleon became popular during Italian wars (1796 -97) • Plotted to steal power for himself • 1799 led a coup d’etat • Wrote a new constitution which gave him all the power

EMPEROR NAPOLEON • Passed Napoleonic Code in 1804 -laws for civil conduct -used by new nations as a model for laws • Wanted to big a global French empire

NAPOLEONIC CODE Interpreting excerpts from Napoleon’s law code

EMPEROR NAPOLEON’S CAMPAIGNS

THE RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN, WINTER 1812 Historical Lesson #405: Never fight a land war in Russia.

THE LITTLE GENERAL SURRENDERS, 1814 • Napoleon’s troops refused to continue. • He abdicated the throne and surrendered his territory • Exiled to Elba

NAPOLEON IN EXILE • Led a small navy • Launched a reinvasion campaign in France • Defeated at Waterloo in Belgium (June 1815) • Exiled in St. Helena where he died in May 1821

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE Dependable leader or power-hungry dictator? [complete the map and worksheet using your textbook]