n Chapter 7 Essential Question Question What were

n Chapter 7 Essential Question: Question –What were the long-term problems with the Articles of Confederation? n Warm-Up Question: –Now that the Americans have won the Revolutionary War, what major decisions must now be answered?

Let’s begin 7. 1…The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation n OK, we won! Now What? ? n We needed to form a new government: –Republic, epublic a gov. t in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives. –THINK: Why was a republic formed? ?

Americans did not want to re-create a powerful gov’t like the one they just fought the Revolutionary War to break away from Government Powers So, how do they create a national gov’t with enough power, but not too much? ?

The Articles of Confederation In 1776 the Continental Congress passed a plan for a national government – THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION The government would be run by a “confederation” style gov’t loosely connected the states under a weak national government

All the states approved the Articles of Confederation in 1781 and it became the official government

The legislature was the only branch of government created by the Articles. There was no chief executive. There were no national courts. Executive Branch Judicial Branch

To make sure the new legislature did not become TOO strong, its powers were limited. Powers given to Congress • deal with foreign countries • deal with Native Americans • make laws • declare war • coin or borrow money • run a postal service

Even more important than the powers given to Congress, however, were the powers not given to Congress. Powers not given to Congress regulate trade • collect taxes • Congress was forced to depend on the states when it needed money!! This weakened the central government and gave considerable power to the states.

Matrix Activity Instructions n. Your Mission: Today you’re going to be analyzing some pictures that describe one of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation! You may work with your partner or alone! Good luck!

One feature of the Articles of Confederation was that the government had no chief executive, such as a president or a king. As a result, the government under the Articles suffered from a lack of leadership since there was no single leader

Identify the weakness A Why was it included? Possible Problems? The government People were A lack in has no single fearful of leadership will leader. having one lead to poor leader. They organization. didn’t want Nothing will another get done! tyrant king!

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

The Weaknesses of the Articles n The Articles of Confederation was America’s 1 st form of gov’t: –The weakness the national gov’t was originally seen as good because it eliminated tyranny –Later, these same weaknesses kept the gov’t from solving serious national problems.

1) 9 out of 13 states must approve new laws (instead of just a majority)

2) Lacked the power to levy taxes directly from citizen or make the states pay debts

3) Could not regulate trade between the states

4) All 13 states had to vote yes to change the Articles

5. No ability to draft men for the military 6. No Chief executive (No President!)

7. No national court system 8. No ability to regulate trade with foreign nations

FOR NOW…

Let’s continue 7. 1…. . Successes of the Articles of Confederation (Land Ordinance & Northwest Territory)

The western lands were very valuable and in great demand. To provide for the sale and settlement of these lands, Congress passed two new laws. The Land Ordinance of 1785 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Areas. United of Settlement, The States, 1783 The Articles established a good system of settling western lands

First, states had to cede (give up) their claims to lands in the west to the national gov’t

Second, Congress passed the Land Ordinance of 1785 to create an orderly way to divide the west into townships & farms Selling western lands was the only way the national gov’t could generate money since it did not have the power to tax!!!

Land Ordinance of 1785 Lands would be divided into townships. Townships would be divided into sections. Each section would be sold piece by piece.

6 miles TOWNSHIP 6 miles

1 TOWNSHIP = 36 SQUARE MILES Section #16 was usually reserved for the public school of the township

Section 16 of the each township Land Ordinance of 1785 was set aside for a public school

Northwest Ordinance The United States gained a huge new area after the Revolutionary War. Now, they had to decide how to divide it up into existing states or new ones!

The Northwest Ordinance n The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 set up an organized way for new states in this area to be governed. THINK: (write on your note page) n What would happen if there was NOT an organized pattern for settlement?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 • Created government for the Northwest Territory—the lands north of the Ohio River • Guaranteed basic rights for settlers; (Freedom of religion and trial by jury were guaranteed) • Banned slavery • Created a three-step process for admitting new states

The Northwest Ordinance- 3 Steps n Once Settlers came, a governor is appointed n When a territory had 5, 000 residents, it could create a self-governing legislature n When a territory had 60, 000 residents, it could apply to become a U. S. state

Minnesota Michigan Wisconsin Ohio Illinois Indiana

The organization of the Northwest Territory was important because it created an orderly plan to settle a new area of the United States!!

Let’s stop here! n Using the space on your notepage, I want you to create 3 Instagram pictures that explain the main ideas we have learned so far!

History of Oakland County n Oakland County itself is a prime example of the land policy that was established, as all townships are equal in size. Section 16 in each township was reserved for financing and maintaining public education, and even today many schools in Oakland County townships are located within that section In 1819, Oakland was sparsely settled and twice it’s current size at first, but shrank as Michigan's population grew and new counties were established. Woodward Avenue and the Detroit and Pontiac Railroad helped draw settlers in the 1840 s. By 1840, Oakland had more than fifty mills. Pontiac, located on the Clinton River, was Oakland's first town. n http: //wapedia. mobi/en/Oakland_County%2 C_Michigan#3. n

7. 1 Notes continued…. n. Let’s talk about Shays Rebellion!

While the government succeeded in organizing the settlement of western lands, it faced mounting problems. Problems States taxed each other’s goods States used different money Congress had no money Other countries ignored U. S.

To make matters worse, an economic depression gripped the states. Farmers were hit especially hard, with many losing their lands. Angry and in despair, a group led by Daniel Shays attacked an arms warehouse.

Economic Problems n The inability of the government to collect taxes led to problems: –America could not pay off debts from the Revolutionary War –Property foreclosures led an uprising among Massachusetts farmers called Shays’ Rebellion in 1787 but the gov’t could not pay for an army to stop it

WHEN: Every state was having economic trouble in the mid 1780’s An average family paid $200 a year in taxes – more than most people made in a year

WHO: DANIEL SHAYS leads a rebellion of about 1, 500 men, mostly farmers WHY: They are upset about paying high taxes and want debt relief from the government

Government does not help them They gather and march on a federal arsenal – a storage place for weapons

About 900 state militia men stop the uprising The general public sides with the farmers Very close to having chaos because of taxes

RESULT: The uprising is stopped Shays is pardoned years later

America realizes they need a stronger national government if they are to survive as a country.

Shay’s Rebellion in LASTING EFFECT: Shays’ Rebellion proved to be the western convincing event. Massachusetts that led to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 n Poor farmers in western MA were angered over high taxes & prospect of debtors jail n Daniel Shays led an uprising & closed debt courts & threatened a federal arsenal

Samuel Adams on Shays Rebellion n “Rebellion against a king may be pardoned, or lightly, punished, but the man who dares to rebel against the laws of a republic ought to suffer DEATH!”

Thomas Jefferson , letter to James Madison n “I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical. Unsuccessful rebellions, indeed, generally establish the encroachments on the rights of the people which have produced them…It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. ”

Weaknesses of the Articles n After Shays’ Rebellion, people like Hamilton & Madison began calling for a stronger national gov’t n In 1787, delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss ways to improve the Articles n Instead of revising the Articles of Confederation, the delegates replaced it with the Constitution