Referencing Dr K Lakshman FRCS Consultant Surgeon klakshman

Referencing Dr K Lakshman FRCS Consultant Surgeon klakshman 58@gmail. com

Plan for the talk 1. What is a reference? 2. Why use references? 3. How and where to use references? 4. What if we do not use references? 5. What are the e-tools for references?

1. What is a reference? “Something (such as a sign or indication) that refers a reader or consulter to another source of information (such as a book or passage)” Merriam - Webster Dictionary

What is a reference? “Scientific citation is providing detailed reference in a scientific publication, typically a paper or book, to previous published (or occasionally private) communications which have a bearing on the subject of the new publication. ” Wikepedia

2. Why do we use references? Plagiarism

What is plagiarism? “Plagiarism is the portrayal, claiming or use of another person’s work or ideas (sentence, thought, paragraph, intellectual property, data, drawings or images) without specific reference. In the academic world this is considered to be theft. It is dishonest and irresponsible and will result in serious consequences. ” https: //michener. ca/students/library/referencing-writing-help/

Types of plagiarism Plagiarism of text Mosaic Plagiarism of Ideas Self Plagiarism

Types of plagiarism Unintentional Lack of knowledge of referencing Intentional Mohammed RAA, J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2014

Why do we use references? o. Ethical to acknowledge others’ work o. Legal requirement o. Protect you against allegations o. Reflect your reading effort o. Develop sequence of events / parallel opinions o. Shortening the paper Taylor, Emer Med, 2002 https: //michener. ca/students/library/referencing-writing-help /

What does not need referencing? o Common knowledge o Smoking is harmful to health o Population of India is 1. 3 billion o Standard text book material o HIV patients are prone to infections o Pasteur, was a French Microbiologist If in doubt, ASK! https: //advice. writing. utoronto. ca/ 2009

3. How do we reference? Citation (In Text) Reference List Foot Notes

Referencing Quoting Paraphrasing Be liberal with referencing

Please note o References are an essential part of your paper o It may be rejected if format is not correct o Note punctuations o Note where the brackets are o Avoid referencing abstracts o Avoid personal communications o Check for number of references allowed Taylor, Emer Med, 2002

Styles of reference Harvard Style Late 19 th Century Books Vancouver Style 1978 Journals ABNT Style AMA Style APA Style Chicago: Author-Date Style Chicago: Humanities Style Harvard: Australian Style Harvard: Author-Date Style MLA Style Vancouver/ICMJE Style Citing EBSCO e. Books Citing Images https: //connect. ebsco. com/s/article/Where-can-I-find-formatted-examples-of-different-Citation-styles? language=en_US

Author Date Title Retrieval information Anatomy of a reference Ref List Citation (H)* Vancouver – Num Authour Date Title Vol No Pp

Reference specs varies with the work being referenced o. Book - Print o. Book - online / electronic o. Book - Chapter o. Journal article o. Conference proceedings – individual o. Webpage / Website o. Lecture / Presentation o. Image o. Report o. Map

Citation – Authour name, year Ref list – alphabetical order

Example - Harvard Citation (In Text) https: //www. otago. ac. nz/library/pdf/Harvard_referencing. pdf

Example – Harvard – reference List Alphabetical order First author surname

Example – Harvard – Book - Print

Example – Harvard – Book - Online

Example – Harvard – Journal article

Example – Harvard - Webpage

Citation – Numbered – order of 1 st appearance Ref list – Numbered - ascending order

Example - Vancouver - Citation Personal Communication https: //michener. ca/students/library/referencing-writing-help/vancouverstyle/

Example – Vancouver - Reference list

Example – Vancouver – Print Book

Example – Vancouver – E-Book

Example – Vancouver – Journal article

Example – Vancouver - Webpage

Reference Vs Bibliography is a list of work you have studied but not cited in the work Listed like Reference list Separate list provided for Bibliography https: //www. otago. ac. nz/library/pdf/Harvard_referencing. pdf

4. What if we do not acknowledge references? o Plagiarism is theft / misconduct!! o It is unethical o Loss of reputation o Retraction of article o May lead to demotion o May lead to suspension / expulsion o May lead to fines o May lead to prison sentence. Mohammed RAA, J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2014 Das N, Persp Clin Res, 2011 https: //en. m. wikipedia. org/wiki/Plagiarism

5. e-tools for references

Citation Managers o. Help you manage citations o. Paid and free versions available o. Google search – 12 free managers! o. Popular ones o. Zotero o. Mendeley o. End note Collect, Organise and retrieve metadata and links Interface with web for direct PDF and webpage download Interface with word processors to give correct version of citation Addons for requirement of different journals https: //researchguides. ben. edu/citation-manager

Zotero Firefox Connector

Collection References

Metadata

Right click on item in collection

Screen grab of Google doc Ready Citation imported from Zotero

Plagiarism checkers o. Online tools that cross check your document with existing work o. Regularly used by all journals o. Easily picks up copied content o. Heavy penalty imposed if found guilty o. Should be used on theses in universities !

https: //www. duplichecker. com

https: //www. duplichecker. com

https: //smallseotools. com/plagiarism-checker/

https: //www. prepostseo. com/plagiarism-checker

https: //www. prepostseo. com/plagiarism-checker

Proof reading tools o. Help with grammar in your document o. Check spellings o. Punctuations too! o. Lengthy sentences o. Repetitive/overused words o. MS Word or google doc o. Grammarly o. Style writer o. White smoke

Thank You