OVERVIEW Router Config Tasks To configure your router

OVERVIEW - Router Config Tasks : To configure your router or access server, you must perform several tasks. Initially, you must determine the following: - • Which network protocols you are supporting • The addressing plan for each network protocol • Which WAN protocols you will run on each interface

External Configuration Sources VIRTUAL TERMINAL CONSOLE PORT INTERFACES ROUTER AUXILARY PORT TFTP SERVER NETWORK MANAGEMENT STATION Configuration Information can from many Sources

Internal Configuration Components DRAM Console Auxiliary NVRAM INTERFACE FLASH ROM

Cisco routers can initialize the system (boot) in four ways: Netboot : Routers can boot from a server using the TFTP. Flash memory: Routers can boot from Flash memory, a nonvolatile storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. ROM : Routers can boot a system from built-in ROM. PC Flash memory card: Routers can boot from a removable Flash memory card.

FLASH MEMORY : Depending on the platform, Flash memory is available in the following forms: 1. Internal Flash memory : often contains the system image. Some platforms have two or more banks of Flash memory on one single in-line memory modules (SIMM). If the SIMM has two banks, it is sometimes referred to as dual-bank Flash memory. The banks can be partitioned into separate logical devices.

FLASH MEMORY (Cont. . ) 2. Bootflash often contains the boot image. Bootflash sometimes contains the ROM Monitor. 3. Flash memory PC cards or PCMCIA cards A Flash memory card that is inserted in to a PCMCIA slot. This card is used to store system images, boot images, and configuration files. The following platforms contains PCMCIA slots: 1600 - one PCMCIA slot 3600 - two PCMCIA slots 7200 - NPE contains 2 slots

FLASH MEMORY (Cont. . ) Write Protection Flash memory provides write protection against accidental erasing or reprogramming. Some platforms have a write-protect jumper which can be removed to prevent reprogramming of Flash memory. You must install the jumper when programming is required. Some platforms have write protect switched on Flash memory cards that you can use to protect data. You must set the switch to unprotected to write data to the Flash memory card.

NVRAM Nonvolatile random-access memory (NVRAM) stores the following information: 1. Startup configuration file for every platform. 2. The software configuration register, which is used to determine which image to use when booting the router.

EPROM / ROM It sometimes contains the following : ROM Monitor, which provides a user interface when the router cannot find a valid image. The boot loader/helper software (also called the boot image), which helps the router boot when it cannot find a valid Cisco IOS image in Flash memory.

DRAM : Dynamic random-access memory contains two types of memory: 1. Primary, main, or processor memory, which is reserved for the CPU to execute Cisco IOS software and to hold the running configuration and routing tables. 2. Shared, packet, or I/O memory, which buffers data transmitted or received by the router's network interfaces.

Router Modes User EXEC Mode Limited Examination of router and remote access Router> Privileged EXEC Mode Detailed examination of Router, Debugging and testing. File manipulation, Remote access. Router# ROM Monitor Mode Used if the operating system dos not exist in Flash or the boot sequence was interrupted during startup > or romon>

Router Modes (Cont. . ) Setup Mode prompted dialog used to establish an initial configuration RXBoot mode Boot helper Software which helps the router boot when it cannot find a valid cisco IOS image in flash memory. Router <boot> Global Configuration Mode Router(config)# Other Configuration Mode Router(config - mode) #

Initialising a Router POST Enter ROM Monitor Mode Load From ROM Load IOS Subset Run RXBoot image Load IOS subset Check conf reg Read NVRAM Load from flash Load IOS Load from TFTP Server

ROUTER STATUS COMMANDS : IOS version in DRAM Router# show version Programs loaded in DRAM Router# sh processes CPU sh protocols Dynamic Configuration information Router# sh running-config Routing table in DRAM Router# sh ip route Processor and I/O memory usage Router# sh mem back-up configuration file in NVRAM Router# sh startup-config

ROUTER STATUS COMMANDS (Cont. . ) Operating Systems Router# sh flash interfaces Router# sh interfaces Stack usage of processes Router# sh stacks

Password recovery procedure : Attach a terminal or PC with terminal emulation to the console port of the router. Use the following terminal settings: 9600 baud rate No parity 8 data bits 1 stop bit No flow control Type show version and record the setting of the configuration register; it is usually 0 x 2102 or 0 x 102. Using the power switch, turn off the router and then turn it back on.

Password recovery (cont. . ) Press Break sequence on the terminal keyboard within 60 seconds of the power-up to put the router into ROMMON. Type confreg 0 x 2142 at the rommon 1> prompt to boot from Flash without loading the configuration. Type reset at the rommon 2> prompt. The router reboots but ignores its saved configuration. Type no after each setup question or press Ctrl-C to skip the initial setup procedure Type enable at the Router> prompt. You'll be in enable mode and see the Router# prompt. Type enable secret <password> to change the enable secret password.

Type config-register 0 x 2102, or the value you recorded in show version. Press Ctrl-z or end to leave the configuration mode. Type write memory or copy running-config startup-config to commit the changes. Break Sequence Hyperterm Win 2000 Ctrl-Break Hyperterm Win 98/95 Ctrl-F 6 -Break Hyperterm Win NT Break-F 5 Shift-F 5

Break Sequence(Cont. . ) VT 100 Emulation F 16 Minicom Linux Ctrl-a f PCPLUS DOS Alt-b

Enabling TFTP server on Linux: Step 1 Log in as root. Step 2 If are running Linux with " inetd, " add or uncomment the following line in your /etc/inetd. conf file: tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd in. tftpd If you are running Linux with "xinetd, " Edit the /etc/xinetd. d/tftp file as follows: a. Change the line "disable = yes" to "disable = no. " b. Change the line "user = nobody" to "user = root. ” c. If you want to specify a different TFTP directory, replace "/tftpboot" in the line "server_args = -s /tftpboot" with the name of your directory.

Step 3 Enter the following command: /etc/init. d/xinetd restart Installing TFTP Server for Windows Download the TFTP server for any version of Windows from http: //ftp. ren. nic. in/pub/intel/Windows 98/tftp or search ‘tftp’ at http: //ftp. ren. nic. in The file TFTPServer 1 -1 -980730. exe is a self-extracting archive. Once the file is stored on your Windows system, double-click it to start the setup program. Then follow the prompts that appear to install the server on your system.

FLASH File System: The Flash file system consists of two Flash devices on which you can store files: bootflash: onboard Flash memory slot 0: Flash PC card in the PCMCIA slot (or flash: Flash memory) 1. Router#show flash System flash directory: File Length Name/status 1 8407884 c 2600 -io 3 s 56 i-mz. 121 -6 [8407948 bytes used, 8369268 available, 16777216 total] 16384 K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

2. Display a list of deleted files on a Flash device. Console> (enable) dir deleted -#- ED --type-- --crc--- -seek-- nlen -length- ---date/time- name 1. D ffff 81 a 027 ca 41 bdc 22 7004 Apr 01 1998 15: 27: 45 5002. config. 4. 1. 98. cfg 3. Deleting file in flash Console>(enable) del C 7200 -js-mz. 120 -4. bin 4. Formatting flash Console>(enable) format flash format slot 0

IOS Installation and Upgrade procedure : Install a TFTP Server Download the Cisco IOS Software image into your workstation or PC where TFTP server is running. Store the IOS image in appropriate directory. C: tftp incase windows and /tftpboot in case of Linux. (You need to satisfy both the DRAM and the Flash requirements to be able to use the software you choose. If you do not meet the requirements, you can either add more Flash or more DRAM in the router, or choose another Cisco IOS Software release).

Back up the existing IOS image stored in Flash. Router#copy flash tftp Source filename []? C 7200 -js-mz. 120 -4. bin Address or name of remote host []? 164. 100. 9. 31 Destination filename [C 7200 -js-mz. 120 -4. bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! 3802992 bytes copied in 27. 276 secs (140851 bytes/sec)

Copy the new software image from the TFTP server to the router server using the procedure below: Router# copy tftp flash When prompted, enter the IP address of the TFTP server as Address or name of remote host [255. 255]? 164. 100. 21. 131 Source file name? c 2600 -io 3 s 56 i-mz. 121 -6 Destination file name? c 2600 -io 3 s 56 i-mz. 121 -6 Erase flash device before writing? [confirm] yes/no Router#reload *Mar 1 00: 30: 49. 972: %SYS-5 -CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: no Proceed with reload? [confirm] yes

Common Interface types supported on CISCO routers • Asynchronous serial • Dialer • Ethernet • High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) • ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) • ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI) • Serial interface (Low Speed) • Synchronous serial

ETHERNET INTERFACE CONFIGURATION : For example, to configure Ethernet interface 1 with the IP address 192. 168. 52. 46 using a subnet mask of 255. 0, enter the following commands: C 400# conf t C 4000(config)#interface e 1 description "MGMT LAN via Cat 5 k" C 4000(config-if)#ip address 192. 168. 52. 46 255. 0 C 4000(config-if)# no shutdown C 4000(config-if)# cntl Z C 400# wr memory / wr ter wr memory - changes both startup and running config wr ter - changes only running config

SERIAL INTERFACE CONFIGURATION : The wan link will be connected to the serial interface. Configure the serial interface as below Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#interface serial 0 Router(config-if)#ip address 10. 1. 1. 5 255. 252 description “VSAT WAN LINK” Router(config-if)#no shutdown Router(config-if)#cntl Z Eouter# wr m

Serial interface configuration (cont. . ) S encapsulation Router# conf t Router(Config)# int serial 0 Router(Config-if)# encapsulation ppp / hdlc /sdlc hdlc - serial hdlc synchronous(cisco) ppp - point-to-point protocol sdlc - SDLC Router(Config-if)# bandwidth <in kilobits>

Other Vital configurations : hostname NICnet> ! no logging console (logging console 3) no logging monitor (logging monitor 3) enable secret rgb 123 enable password cisco 98 ! no ip finger no ip http server no ip bootp server ip domain-name nic. in ip name-server 164. 100. 3. 1 ip name-server 164. 100. 18

line vty 0 4 password zigma 2 k login ! banner login ^C ********************** This is NIC - HQ New Delhi ********************** ^C banner motd ^C ===================== Un-authorised access is prohibited ===================== ^C

Static IP Routing : If dynamic default information is not being passed to the router, candidates for the default route may be specified with the ip default-network subcommand. In this usage, ip default-network takes a nonconnected network as an argument. If this network appears in the routing table from any source (dynamic or static), then it is flagged as a candidate default route and is subject to being chosen as the default route for the router. Multiple ip default-network commands may be given. All candidate default routes, both static (that is, flagged by ip default-network) and dynamic, appear in the routing table preceded by an asterisk.

In the following example, a static route to network 10. 0 is defined as the static default route. ip route 10. 0 131. 108. 3. 4 ip default-network 10. 0 If the following global configuration command was issued on a router not connected to network 129. 140. 0. 0, then the router might choose the path to that network as a default route when the network appeared in the routing table. ip default-network 129. 140. 0. 0

Ip default-gateway 164. 100. 191. 166 This specifies default gateway if not routing IP ip route 10. 0 131. 108. 3. 4 110 ip route 10. 0 131. 108. 3. 8 120 This implies that packets for network 10. 0 will be routed to the router at 131. 108. 3. 4. if dynamic information about network 10. 0 is not available. If you specify an administrative distance, you are flagging a static route that may be overridden by dynamic information