KMJ Contents 1 Router 2 Router 3 Router






![KMJ Router의 구성요소 [Internetwork Routers] 7 경남정보대 김미진 KMJ Router의 구성요소 [Internetwork Routers] 7 경남정보대 김미진](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/70efe775d8976b27ec71727c7b0e0ab6/image-7.jpg)














![KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (2) Enter enable password [router]: ! KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (2) Enter enable password [router]: !](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/70efe775d8976b27ec71727c7b0e0ab6/image-22.jpg)






















- Slides: 44


KMJ Contents 1 Router의 구성요소 2 Router 모드 3 Router 시작하기 4 Router 설정 5 Router의 상태 모니터링 6 Router Command 2 경남정보대 김미진




![KMJ Router의 구성요소 Internetwork Routers 7 경남정보대 김미진 KMJ Router의 구성요소 [Internetwork Routers] 7 경남정보대 김미진](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/70efe775d8976b27ec71727c7b0e0ab6/image-7.jpg)
KMJ Router의 구성요소 [Internetwork Routers] 7 경남정보대 김미진








KMJ Router의 구성요소 라우터의 상태 명령어 구분 RAM 명령어 사용예 설명 Router# show version IOS Version, Bootstrap Version, H/W 구성 및 메모리 용량 등의 정보를 열람 할 수 음 Router# show running-config RAM에 있는 Configuration File을 열람할 수 있음 Router# sh run 으로 입력도 가능 Router# show memory Router# show buffers 메모리, Stack, Buffer 에 대한 이용통계와 이용현황을 열람할 수 있음 Router# show stacks NVRAM Flash Memory Router# show process cpu 각 시간 단위별로 CPU의 움직임을 확인할 수 있음 (5분, 1분, 5초) Router# show protocols 현재 활성화된 Protocol 정보를 보여줌 Router# show startup-config NVRAM에 들어가 있는 Startup Configuration 정보를 확인할 수 있음 라우터는 처음 부팅시 NVRAM을 체크해서 내용이 없으면, Setup mode로 들어감 Router# show config Router# show flash Interface Router# show interface IOS 정보가 들어있는 Flash Memory 정보를 확인할 수 있음 (메모리 용량과 IOS File 사이즈를 확인) 라우터가 가지고 있는 인터페이스의 정보와 현재 상황까지 확인할 수 있음 15 경남정보대 김미진






KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (1) IOS 프로그램을 부팅한 후 설정 파일이 없을 때 자동 설정할지 물어 봄 -- System Configuration Dialog --At any point you may enter a question mark '? ' for help. Refer to the 'Getting Started' Guide for additional help. Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt. Default settings are in square brackets '[]'. Continue with configuration dialog? [yes]: ! 설정을 시작할지를 묻는다. [ ] 안의 값이 기본 값이므로 엔터키를 칠 경우 자동 입력된다. First, would you like to see the current interface summary? [yes]: Configuring global parameters: Enter host name [ROUTER]: 2600_CISCO ! 라우터의 호스트 이름을 설정한다. The enable secret is a one-way cryptographic secret used instead of the enable password when it exists. Enter enable secret [<Use current secret>]: ! 라우터의 enable secret 설정한다. The enable password is used when there is no enable secret and when using older software and some boot images.
![KMJ Router 시작하기 Setup Auto configuration 모드 2 Enter enable password router KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (2) Enter enable password [router]: !](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h2/70efe775d8976b27ec71727c7b0e0ab6/image-22.jpg)
KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (2) Enter enable password [router]: ! 라우터의 enable password 설정한다. Enter virtual terminal password [router]: ! 원격접속을 위한 VTY password 설정한다. Configure SNMP Network Management? [yes]: ! 원격관리를 위한 SNMP를 설정한다. Community string [public]: ! 원격관리를 위한 SNMP 커뮤니티 값을 설정한다. Configure DECnet? [no]: Configure Apple. Talk? [no]: Configure IPX? [no]: Configure bridging? [no]: Configure IP? [yes]: ! IP 프로토콜을 설정한다. Configure IGRP routing? [no]: Configure RIP routing? [yes]: ! RIP 라우팅 프로토콜을 설정한다.

KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (3) Configuring interface parameters: Configuring interface Ethernet 0: ! 이더넷 인터페이스를 설정한다. Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: IP address for this interface [192. 168. 1. 1]: Number of bits in subnet field [0]: Class C network is 192. 168. 1. 1, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255. 0 Configuring interface Serial 0: ! 시리얼 인터페이스를 설정한다. Is this interface in use? [yes]: Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: Configure IP unnumbered on this interface? [no]: IP address for this interface [192. 168. 2. 1]: Number of bits in subnet field [6]: Class C network is 192, 168. 2. 1, 6 subnet bits; mask is 255. 252

KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (4) The following configuration command script was created: ! 현재 설정을 보여준다. show running-config 값과 같다 hostname 2600_CISCO enable secret 5 071 D 2043400 C 0 D enable password router line vty 0 4 password router snmp-server community public ! no decnet routing no appletalk routing no ipx routing no bridge 1 ip routing ! interface Ethernet 0 ip address 192. 168. 1. 1 255. 0 no mop enabled

KMJ Router 시작하기 • Setup (Auto configuration) 모드 (5) interface Serial 0 ip address 192. 168. 2. 1 255. 252 no mop enabled ! ! router rip network 192. 168. 1. 0 network 192. 168. 2. 0 ! end Use this configuration? [yes/no]: yes ! 현재 설정을 사용할지 묻는다. #####[OK] Use the enabled mode 'configure' command to modify this configuration.


KMJ Router의 설정 Ethernet Interface Enable p 43 Enable Serial Interface p 45 Password 의 변경 p 46 System 이름의 설정 삭제 및 변경 설정 저장 설정 p 47 p 48 27 경남정보대 김미진


KMJ Router의 설정 • COPY 명령어 router#copy ? /erase flash: ftp: null: nvram: rcp: running-config slot 0: slot 1: startup-config system: tftp: Erase destination file system. Copy from flash: file system Copy from ftp: file system Copy from null: file system Copy from nvram: file system Copy from rcp: file system Copy from current system configuration Copy from slot 0: file system Copy from slot 1: file system Copy from startup configuration Copy from system: file system Copy from tftp: file system Router#copy running-config [startup-config | tftp]


KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show version (1) : 현재 시스템의 하드웨어, 소프트웨어 버전과 메모리의 크기 등을 보여줌 Router#sh version (2600 ROUTER) Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) C 2600 Software (C 2600 -IS-M), Version 12. 0(3)T 3, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc 1) Copyright (c) 1986 -1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Thu 15 -Apr-99 16: 12 by kpma Image text-base: 0 x 80008088, data-base: 0 x 80 A 05 BAC ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11. 3(2)XA 4, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc 1) Router uptime is 7 hours, 41 minutes System restarted by power-on System image file is "flash: c 2600 -is-mz. 120 -3. T 3“ (연결)

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show version (2) cisco 2621 (MPC 860) processor (revision 0 x 102) with 20480 K/4096 K bytes of memory. Processor board ID JAB 035003 EU (2793879697) M 860 processor: part number 0, mask 49 Bridging software. X. 25 software, Version 3. 0. 0. 2 Fast. Ethernet/IEEE 802. 3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s) 32 K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192 K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0 x 2102

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show process – 5초 동안의 라우터 CPU 평균 사용율, 5분 동안의 평균 사용율, 1분 동안의 평균 사용율을 보여줌 – 라우터가 오작동할 때 중요한 지표로 사용 Router# show processes CPU utilization for five seconds: 21%/0%; one minute: 2%; five minutes: 2% PID QTy PC Runtime (ms) Invoked u. Secs Stacks TTY Process 1 Mwe 2 FEA 4 E 1808 464 3896 1796/3000 0 IP-EIGRP Router 2 Lst 11682 10236 109 93908 1828/2000 0 Check heaps 3 Mst 3 AE 9 C 0 280 0 1768/2000 0 Timers 4 Lwe 74 AD 2 0 1492/2000 0 ARP Input

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show controller – 라우터 인터페이스의 하드웨어 정보를 보여줌 Router#sh controllers Interface Fast. Ethernet 0/0 Hardware is AMD Laguna ADDR: 80 F 94 F 6 C, FASTSEND: 80028 ED 8, MCI_INDEX: 0 DIST ROUTE ENABLED: 0 Route Cache Flag: 1 LADRF=0 x 0000 0 x 0100 0 x 0000 CSR 0 =0 x 00000004, CSR 3 =0 x 00001044, CSR 4 =0 x 00004915, CSR 15 =0 x 00000180. Interface Serial 0/0 Hardware is Power. QUICC MPC 860 No serial cable attached idb at 0 x 80 FA 0 EA 8, driver data structure at 0 x 80 FA 6418 SCC Registers: General [GSMR]=0 x 2: 0 x 0000, Protocol-specific [PSMR]=0 x 8 Events [SCCE]=0 x 0000, Mask [SCCM]=0 x 0000, Status [SCCS]=0 x 00 Transmit on Demand [TODR]=0 x 0, Data Sync [DSR]=0 x 7 E 7 E Interrupt Registers:

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show flash – 라우터 플래시 메모리의 크기와 현재 저장되어 있는 파일을 보여줌 Router# show flash Partition Size Used Free Bank-Size State Copy Mode 1 16384 K 4040 K 12343 K 4096 K Read/Write Direct System flash directory: File Length Name/status addr fcksum ccksum 1 4137888 c 3640 -c 2 is-mz. Feb 24 0 x 40 0 x. ED 65 [4137952 bytes used, 12639264 available, 16777216 total] 16384 K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Chip Bank Code Size Name 1 1 01 D 5 1024 KB AMD 29 F 080 2 1 01 D 5 1024 KB AMD 29 F 080 3 1 01 D 5 1024 KB AMD 29 F 080

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show memory – 라우터에 설치되어 있는 Head, Total, Used, Free, Lowest, Largest와 같은 값을 보여줌 Router# show memory Head Total(b) Used(b) Free(b) Lowest(b) Largest(b) B 0 EE 38 5181896 2210036 2971860 2692456 2845368 Processor memory Address Bytes Prev. Next Ref Prev. F Next. F Alloc PC What B 0 EE 38 1056 0 B 0 F 280 1 18 F 132 List Elements B 0 F 280 2656 B 0 EE 38 B 0 FD 08 1 18 F 132 List Headers B 0 FD 08 2520 B 0 F 280 B 10708 1 141384 TTY data B 10708 2000 B 0 FD 08 B 10 F 00 1 14353 C TTY Input Buf B 10 F 00 512 B 10708 B 11128 1 14356 C TTY Output Buf B 11128 2000 B 10 F 00 B 11920 1 1 A 110 E Interrupt Stack B 11920 44 B 11128 B 11974 1 970 DE 8 *Init* B 11974 1056 B 11920 B 11 DBC 1 18 F 132 messages

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show ip route Router# show ip route Codes: I - IGRP derived, R - RIP derived, O - OSPF derived, C - connected, S - static, E - EGP derived, B - BGP derived, * - candidate default route, IA - OSPF inter area route, i - IS-IS derived, ia - IS-IS, U - per-user static route, o - on-demand routing, M - mobile, P - periodic downloaded static route, D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, E 1 - OSPF external type 1 route, E 2 - OSPF external type 2 route, N 1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1 route, N 2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 route Gateway of last resort is 10. 119. 254. 240 to network 10. 140. 0. 0 O 172. 150. 0. 0 [160/5] via 10. 119. 254. 6, 0: 01: 00, Ethernet 2 E 172. 17. 10. 0 [200/128] via 10. 119. 254. 244, 0: 02: 22, Ethernet 2 S 172. 21. 114. 201/32 is directly connected, BRI 0 S 172. 21. 114. 205/32 is directly connected, BRI 0 E 172. 30. 0. 0 [200/128] via 10. 119. 254. 244, 0: 02: 22, Ethernet 2

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show interface Router# show interfaces serial Serial 0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is MCI Serial Internet address is 131. 136. 190. 203, subnet mask is 255. 0 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 1544 Kbit, DLY 20000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) Last input 0: 07, output 0: 00, output hang never Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops Five minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec Five minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 16263 packets input, 1347238 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 13983 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants 2 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 2 abort 1 carrier transitions 22146 packets output, 2383680 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 2 interface resets, 0 restart

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show running-config (1) – 현재 동작하고 있는 라우터의 설정 값을 보여줌 Router#show running-config Building configuration. . . Current configuration : 2399 bytes ! version 12. 2 service password-encryption ! hostname Router ! enable password 7 071 D 2043400 C 0 D ! ip subnet-zero ip cef no ip domain lookup ! interface Loopback 0 ip address 36. 36. 36 255

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show running-config (2) interface Fast. Ethernet 0/0 description Connect to Local LAN bandwidth 1000 ip address 192. 168. 1. 136 255. 0 no keepalive duplex auto speed auto ! router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 192. 168. 1. 0 0. 0. 0. 255 area 0 ! no ip http server ip classless ! banner motd ^C Cisco 3600 Router ^C

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • show running-config (3) ! line con 0 exec-timeout 300 0 timeout login response 0 speed 115200 line aux 0 line vty 0 4 exec-timeout 35000 0 password 7 095 E 4 F 061 C 0 B 03 login ! end

KMJ Router의 상태 모니터링 • Debug – 라우터에 문제가 발생했을 때 문제를 해결하기 위해 사용 aaa AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting access-expression Boolean access expression adjacency ip lane lapb lex list IP information LAN Emulation LAPB protocol transactions LAN Extender protocol Set interface or/and access list for the next debug

KMJ Router Command • Help 명령어 – Full Help – Partial Help • Router Operations를 위한 명령어 – Starting up a Router – Accessing the User Interface – Router Status command • Router 설정을 위한 Command – 설정 File 저장 – Router의 모드 및 설정 확인 – 시스템 설정

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