New Immigrants Give me your tired your poor
![New Immigrants New Immigrants](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-1.jpg)
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![Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-4.jpg)
![Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900 Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-5.jpg)
![The “New Immigration” § Immigrants from Italy, Austria-Hungary, Greece, Russia and other countries of The “New Immigration” § Immigrants from Italy, Austria-Hungary, Greece, Russia and other countries of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-6.jpg)
![Assimilation Issue § The “new immigrants” who arrived after the Civil War were distrusted Assimilation Issue § The “new immigrants” who arrived after the Civil War were distrusted](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-7.jpg)
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![Mulberry Street – “Little Italy” Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-9.jpg)
![Hester Street – Jewish Section Hester Street – Jewish Section](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-10.jpg)
![Cultural Differences § Few of the “new immigrants, ” especially after 1880, spoke English Cultural Differences § Few of the “new immigrants, ” especially after 1880, spoke English](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-11.jpg)
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![Cultural Differences § Newspaper editorials of the 1870’s and 1880’s raised fears and doubts Cultural Differences § Newspaper editorials of the 1870’s and 1880’s raised fears and doubts](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-13.jpg)
![Latkes cál ceannan Some sort of tofu Jachnun Latkes cál ceannan Some sort of tofu Jachnun](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-14.jpg)
![Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-15.jpg)
![CHINATOWN SF (TODAY) CHINATOWN SF (TODAY)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-16.jpg)
![Reasons for Immigration § Reasons why people immigrated varied. § In general, however, every Reasons for Immigration § Reasons why people immigrated varied. § In general, however, every](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-17.jpg)
![Population Pressures (PUSH) § European Population grew: § 1750: 140 million § 1850: 260 Population Pressures (PUSH) § European Population grew: § 1750: 140 million § 1850: 260](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-18.jpg)
![Economic Conditions § After 1880, it became difficult in Italy, Sweden and Norway for Economic Conditions § After 1880, it became difficult in Italy, Sweden and Norway for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-19.jpg)
![Political Oppression (PUSH) § In many countries of eastern Europe, people resented laws requiring Political Oppression (PUSH) § In many countries of eastern Europe, people resented laws requiring](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-20.jpg)
![Recruitment Campaigns (PULL) § Railroads and steamship companies sought passengers Recruitment Campaigns (PULL) § Railroads and steamship companies sought passengers](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-21.jpg)
![Adjusting to American Life § Leaving one’s country and traveling to an unknown place Adjusting to American Life § Leaving one’s country and traveling to an unknown place](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-22.jpg)
![Efforts to Assimilate § Living in ethnic neighborhoods in U. S. cities, immigrants tried Efforts to Assimilate § Living in ethnic neighborhoods in U. S. cities, immigrants tried](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-23.jpg)
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![Living Conditions § People lived in over-crowded tenements § Families often had to share Living Conditions § People lived in over-crowded tenements § Families often had to share](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-28.jpg)
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![Immigrants from Asia § Besides immigrants from Europe, a large number of Chinese and Immigrants from Asia § Besides immigrants from Europe, a large number of Chinese and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-30.jpg)
![Contributions § Helped build the first transcontinental railroad § Turned the prairies and forests Contributions § Helped build the first transcontinental railroad § Turned the prairies and forests](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-31.jpg)
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![Nativist Reaction to the New Immigrants § Nativist - someone who believes that the Nativist Reaction to the New Immigrants § Nativist - someone who believes that the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-33.jpg)
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![Chinese Exclusion Act § 1882 § Declared that no more Chinese would be permitted Chinese Exclusion Act § 1882 § Declared that no more Chinese would be permitted](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-37.jpg)
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![Gentlemen’s Agreement § In the schools of San Francisco, Japanese children were required to Gentlemen’s Agreement § In the schools of San Francisco, Japanese children were required to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-39.jpg)
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![Causes of Nativist Feeling § Economic: Native-born Americans feared that immigrants would deprive them Causes of Nativist Feeling § Economic: Native-born Americans feared that immigrants would deprive them](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-41.jpg)
![Red Scare § 1919 and 1920 § Communist revolution in Russia in 1917 § Red Scare § 1919 and 1920 § Communist revolution in Russia in 1917 §](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-42.jpg)
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![Laws Restricting Immigration § The anti-foreign attitudes of many native-born Americans were reflected in Laws Restricting Immigration § The anti-foreign attitudes of many native-born Americans were reflected in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-48.jpg)
![Assimilation: 3 Points of View 1. Total Assimilation or Americanization: immigrants should learn to Assimilation: 3 Points of View 1. Total Assimilation or Americanization: immigrants should learn to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-49.jpg)
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![3 Points of View 3. Cultural Pluralism: Any cultures and languages should be respected; 3 Points of View 3. Cultural Pluralism: Any cultures and languages should be respected;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-52.jpg)
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- Slides: 53
![New Immigrants New Immigrants](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-1.jpg)
New Immigrants
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![Give me your tired your poor Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free The Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-4.jpg)
Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these — the homeless, tempest-tossed — to me; I lift my lamp beside the Golden Door.
![Urban Growth 1870 1900 Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-5.jpg)
Urban Growth: 1870 - 1900
![The New Immigration Immigrants from Italy AustriaHungary Greece Russia and other countries of The “New Immigration” § Immigrants from Italy, Austria-Hungary, Greece, Russia and other countries of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-6.jpg)
The “New Immigration” § Immigrants from Italy, Austria-Hungary, Greece, Russia and other countries of eastern and southern Europe arrived in increasingly large numbers § They were the “New Immigrants” because their cultures were different from those of the earlier groups from western Europe
![Assimilation Issue The new immigrants who arrived after the Civil War were distrusted Assimilation Issue § The “new immigrants” who arrived after the Civil War were distrusted](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-7.jpg)
Assimilation Issue § The “new immigrants” who arrived after the Civil War were distrusted § There was fear that these immigrants would not assimilate easily into the English-speaking culture § Beginning in the 1870’s, the issue of whether or not to admit foreign-born people from all lands became a major issue in U. S. politics
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![Mulberry Street Little Italy Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-9.jpg)
Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”
![Hester Street Jewish Section Hester Street – Jewish Section](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-10.jpg)
Hester Street – Jewish Section
![Cultural Differences Few of the new immigrants especially after 1880 spoke English Cultural Differences § Few of the “new immigrants, ” especially after 1880, spoke English](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-11.jpg)
Cultural Differences § Few of the “new immigrants, ” especially after 1880, spoke English § Were from Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy) § Most were Roman-Catholic, Orthodox Christians or Jewish § They wore clothing and cooked foods that were unfamiliar
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![Cultural Differences Newspaper editorials of the 1870s and 1880s raised fears and doubts Cultural Differences § Newspaper editorials of the 1870’s and 1880’s raised fears and doubts](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-13.jpg)
Cultural Differences § Newspaper editorials of the 1870’s and 1880’s raised fears and doubts about the newcomers § The native-born became even more concerned after 1890 when the number of people arriving from southern and eastern Europe began to exceed the numbers from other regions § Between 1900 and 1910, total immigration averaged about one million people a year (compared with 300, 000 in 1860) § By 1910, out of the one million, 700, 000 were from southern and eastern Europe
![Latkes cál ceannan Some sort of tofu Jachnun Latkes cál ceannan Some sort of tofu Jachnun](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-14.jpg)
Latkes cál ceannan Some sort of tofu Jachnun
![Pell St Chinatown NYC Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-15.jpg)
Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC
![CHINATOWN SF TODAY CHINATOWN SF (TODAY)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-16.jpg)
CHINATOWN SF (TODAY)
![Reasons for Immigration Reasons why people immigrated varied In general however every Reasons for Immigration § Reasons why people immigrated varied. § In general, however, every](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-17.jpg)
Reasons for Immigration § Reasons why people immigrated varied. § In general, however, every person’s or family’s decision to immigrate was based on two conclusions § Negative: conditions in the home country were bad and could not be tolerated § Positive: conditions in the U. S. were likely to be much better that those at home
![Population Pressures PUSH European Population grew 1750 140 million 1850 260 Population Pressures (PUSH) § European Population grew: § 1750: 140 million § 1850: 260](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-18.jpg)
Population Pressures (PUSH) § European Population grew: § 1750: 140 million § 1850: 260 million § 1914: 400 million § Farm land was scarce compared to the U. S. § The U. S. ’s rapid industrialization might offer jobs
![Economic Conditions After 1880 it became difficult in Italy Sweden and Norway for Economic Conditions § After 1880, it became difficult in Italy, Sweden and Norway for](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-19.jpg)
Economic Conditions § After 1880, it became difficult in Italy, Sweden and Norway for poor farmers § Generation after generation divided up land into smaller and smaller farms
![Political Oppression PUSH In many countries of eastern Europe people resented laws requiring Political Oppression (PUSH) § In many countries of eastern Europe, people resented laws requiring](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-20.jpg)
Political Oppression (PUSH) § In many countries of eastern Europe, people resented laws requiring boys of 15 and 16 to serve in the army § Most of the southern and eastern European countries were non-democratic § Some groups wanted to escape persecution § Example: Jews escaping the pogroms of Russia
![Recruitment Campaigns PULL Railroads and steamship companies sought passengers Recruitment Campaigns (PULL) § Railroads and steamship companies sought passengers](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-21.jpg)
Recruitment Campaigns (PULL) § Railroads and steamship companies sought passengers
![Adjusting to American Life Leaving ones country and traveling to an unknown place Adjusting to American Life § Leaving one’s country and traveling to an unknown place](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-22.jpg)
Adjusting to American Life § Leaving one’s country and traveling to an unknown place was difficult and painful § Traveling steerage was dirty and uncomfortable
![Efforts to Assimilate Living in ethnic neighborhoods in U S cities immigrants tried Efforts to Assimilate § Living in ethnic neighborhoods in U. S. cities, immigrants tried](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-23.jpg)
Efforts to Assimilate § Living in ethnic neighborhoods in U. S. cities, immigrants tried to preserve the customs and languages of that they had known in Europe § At the same time, they tried hard to learn English § Usually, immigrant children learned English and American customs easier than their parents § Schools taught in English and sometime changed the student’s name to make it easier for nativeborn Americans to pronounce it
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![Living Conditions People lived in overcrowded tenements Families often had to share Living Conditions § People lived in over-crowded tenements § Families often had to share](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-28.jpg)
Living Conditions § People lived in over-crowded tenements § Families often had to share already overcrowded apartments with relatives and friends who had recently arrived from Europe § Many apartments had no bathroom § A single toilet might be available for the whole floor
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![Immigrants from Asia Besides immigrants from Europe a large number of Chinese and Immigrants from Asia § Besides immigrants from Europe, a large number of Chinese and](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-30.jpg)
Immigrants from Asia § Besides immigrants from Europe, a large number of Chinese and Japanese immigrants settled on the West Coast § By 1910, more than 300, 000 Chinese and 150, 000 Japanese had come to work in the U. S. § Most were young men who hoped to work, save, and return to their families in Asia
![Contributions Helped build the first transcontinental railroad Turned the prairies and forests Contributions § Helped build the first transcontinental railroad § Turned the prairies and forests](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-31.jpg)
Contributions § Helped build the first transcontinental railroad § Turned the prairies and forests into farms § Helped make New York City into a booming garment industry § They became workers and laborers in many industries
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![Nativist Reaction to the New Immigrants Nativist someone who believes that the Nativist Reaction to the New Immigrants § Nativist - someone who believes that the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-33.jpg)
Nativist Reaction to the New Immigrants § Nativist - someone who believes that the foreign-born pose a threat to the majority culture and should be stopped from entering the country § Know-Nothings - American-born Protestants organized this secret society as a political party and elected candidates who promised to restrict immigration § first target of Nativist anger were the Irish. Catholics in the 1850’s
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![Yellow Peril In the 1870s there was talk of Asian people coming to “Yellow Peril” § In the 1870’s, there was talk of Asian people coming to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-36.jpg)
“Yellow Peril” § In the 1870’s, there was talk of Asian people coming to the U. S. by the millions and overwhelming the American culture § In western states and territories, anti-Chinese riots broke out to protest the so-called “Yellow Peril” § Two laws were passed in response to the Nativist fears and prejudices § Chinese Exclusion Act § Gentlemen’s Agreement
![Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Declared that no more Chinese would be permitted Chinese Exclusion Act § 1882 § Declared that no more Chinese would be permitted](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-37.jpg)
Chinese Exclusion Act § 1882 § Declared that no more Chinese would be permitted to immigrate to the United States
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![Gentlemens Agreement In the schools of San Francisco Japanese children were required to Gentlemen’s Agreement § In the schools of San Francisco, Japanese children were required to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-39.jpg)
Gentlemen’s Agreement § In the schools of San Francisco, Japanese children were required to attend segregated schools § Japan’s government was deeply offended by this practice § President Roosevelt intervened and persuaded the local governments to stop the practice § The Japanese government agreed to restrict Japanese immigration § This diplomatic understanding was known as the Gentleman’s Agreement (1907 -08)
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![Causes of Nativist Feeling Economic Nativeborn Americans feared that immigrants would deprive them Causes of Nativist Feeling § Economic: Native-born Americans feared that immigrants would deprive them](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-41.jpg)
Causes of Nativist Feeling § Economic: Native-born Americans feared that immigrants would deprive them of their jobs by working for very low wages § Cultural: tendency of people belonging to a dominant culture to protect that culture against outside or “foreign” influences § Psychological: Nativist’s desire to feel superior to others § Political: fear that immigrants might be connected with radical and revolutionary causes
![Red Scare 1919 and 1920 Communist revolution in Russia in 1917 Red Scare § 1919 and 1920 § Communist revolution in Russia in 1917 §](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-42.jpg)
Red Scare § 1919 and 1920 § Communist revolution in Russia in 1917 § Fear that immigrants could bring communism here § A large number of immigrants were arrested and deported in the “Palmer Raids” in 1919 and 1920 § Mitchell Palmer was the Attorney General who ordered the arrests
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![CounterReaction Nativist reaction was countered by those Americans who recognized the essential contributions Counter-Reaction § Nativist reaction was countered by those Americans who recognized the essential contributions](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-47.jpg)
Counter-Reaction § Nativist reaction was countered by those Americans who recognized the essential contributions of the immigrants § Example: Emma Lazarus’ poem inscribed in the Statue of Liberty
![Laws Restricting Immigration The antiforeign attitudes of many nativeborn Americans were reflected in Laws Restricting Immigration § The anti-foreign attitudes of many native-born Americans were reflected in](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-48.jpg)
Laws Restricting Immigration § The anti-foreign attitudes of many native-born Americans were reflected in a series of immigration laws passed by Congress between 1882 and 1924 § One purpose of the quota laws of the 1920’s was to reduce to a bare minimum the number of immigrants arriving from southern and eastern Europe § Because of the restrictive immigration laws, fewer than 350, 000 immigrants arrived in the 1930’s
![Assimilation 3 Points of View 1 Total Assimilation or Americanization immigrants should learn to Assimilation: 3 Points of View 1. Total Assimilation or Americanization: immigrants should learn to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-49.jpg)
Assimilation: 3 Points of View 1. Total Assimilation or Americanization: immigrants should learn to speak English and become Americanized by adopting all aspects of American culture as quickly as possible; should rid themselves of their old culture 2. Melting Pot Theory: immigrants from various nations would gradually and naturally blend into a single American nation; this culture would combine the best elements of many cultures
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![3 Points of View 3 Cultural Pluralism Any cultures and languages should be respected 3 Points of View 3. Cultural Pluralism: Any cultures and languages should be respected;](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2721b2a03586a7d2bf661cae893165a5/image-52.jpg)
3 Points of View 3. Cultural Pluralism: Any cultures and languages should be respected; each ethnic group should practice its own customs while adjusting to the ways of the larger society
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