Immigrants and Urbanization Chapter 7 The New Immigrants

Immigrants and Urbanization Chapter 7

The New Immigrants Old: from Western Europe –England, France, Holland, Ireland New: from Eastern & Southern Europe –Italy, Poland, Russia Teacher. Tube - A Virtual Voyage to Ellis Island

Arrive at Ellis Island to be checked Come for a number of reasons: –Religious freedom, flee oppression, better life Millions come in a very short time Immigrants are no longer protestant, but Jewish and

Chinese & Japanese Chinese came originally for the gold rush Congress curbs immigration in 1882 Came originally to work in Hawaii

Immigrant Life Looked down on (language/ religion) Got help from political machines Nativism begins: –The hatred of anything foreign

Nativism Wanted historically free, energetic, and progressive peoples Best stock were British, Scandinavian, and German

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Banned entry of Chinese Unless students, teachers, merchants tourist or government officials Not repealed until 1943

Gentleman’s Agreement Japan limit immigration to the United States would end the segregation of Japanese children in public schools

Nativism Chinese

Americanization movement Assimilate immigrants into society Teach skills to become a citizen

Movement to the Cities 200, 000 African-Americans move North or West Farmers needed less workers

The Poor and Nameless Many worries: –Food, housing, jobs, money – 10% had 90% of the money supply

Horrible housing –Very expensive –Tenements: no lighting, fresh air, or room. Lots of diseases

Solution to housing Problem: –“Dumbbell” tenements Had air shafts which = major fire hazards and horrible smells.

City Problems Housing Sanitation Water Transportation Crime Fire (Chicago Fire of

Response to the Problems Turn to Technology – Sky Scrapers Elevators and steel framework – Public Transit System “El” Trains-above the city – Planned Parks NYC Central Park Daniel Burnham – Change swampy area into recreational area – Parks and sandy beaches

Charities and Aid Pushed the government to make changes in housing, work conditions, etc…

Social Gospel Movement Reach Salvation by helping the Poor Settlement Houses: Built by Social Reformers –Jane Addams-Hull House in Chicago

Political Machines Tweed Ring: William Marcy Tweed Senator, leader of Tammany Hall –NYC Democratic political machine $200 million of tax money

Debt goes from $36 -$97 million in one year M. O. –Pay for votes –Rig elections –“Vote the graveyards”

Civil Service Reform Patronage was a huge problem Reformers v. Stalwarts Pendleton Civil Service Act Big Business puts a lot of pressure on the government

Segregation and Discrimination

Voting Rights Poll Tax: Had to pay to vote Grandfather clause: could only vote if father or grandfather could vote before January 1, 1867 Literacy Test: had to prove you could read to vote

Jim Crow Laws Separated Whites and Blacks Plessey V. Ferguson: Separate ok as long as Equal

Booker T. Washington African Americans should try to get Economic Equality Become educated gain practical skills Social Equality would only come with Economic Equality Opened Tuskegee Institute – Gains skills to become successful

W. E. B Du Bois Demanded Legal Equality NOW! Niagara Movement: African Americans should not only gain practical skills but should get a Liberal Arts Education Become part of the Middle Class

Mexican Americans Southwestern US Railroad and Agricultural Workers Paid less than whites for same work