Ethnomusicology Music from Other Cultures Phonograph n n

Ethnomusicology Music from Other Cultures

Phonograph n n n First device capable of recording and playing sound. Invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1877. Made music from around the world easily accessible to everyone.

Phonograph Original tinfoil medium Phonograph, 1877

Phonograph Edison Home Phonograph, c. 1896

Phonograph Edison Standard Phonograph, c. 1898

Phonograph

Phonograph Edison Record Catalog, 1903

Phonograph Edison Record Catalog, 1911

n n Ethnomusicologist- a person who studies the music of many different cultures. Empathy- the ability to look at the world from another person’s perspective or “stand in someone else’s shoes. ”

Oriental & Occidental n n n Oriental- Asian or Eastern (China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, etc. ). Occidental- Western European (UK, France, Germany, Spain, Scandinavia, etc. ). Descended from Roman Empire and immediate outlying “barbarian” tribes. Relatively unfamiliar cultural elements between hemispheres as these cultures developed in relative isolation from each other until the 1400 s.

Progression of Economies n Hunter/Gatherer- people obtain food by hunting (meat) and gathering (vegetables). Requires nomadic lifestyle as groups move from one food source to another. Simple housing and few material possessions. Dawn of man (c. 2 mya) to mesolithic (c. 10, 000 ya).

Progression of Economies n Pastoral- domestication of animals for food, clothing, and defense. Mesolithic (c. 10, 000 -3000 ya). Wealth measured in possession of livestock. Still nomadic, leading herds to good pasture and limiting possessions and housing.

Progression of Economies n Agricultural- Farming (c. 3500 ya to present). Development of agriculture depended on irrigation and a steady water supply (rivers), so the earliest civilizations developed along river valleys. The ability to feed a large population in place allowed increased possessions and better housing and required a military defense. Allows specialization of labor and trade.

Progression of Economies n n Industrial- c. 1800 to present. Economy based on mass production and trade of goods. Information/Technological? - present. Economy based on trade of information.

Music from Cameroon

Music from Cameroon

Music from Cameroon

Yaounde, Cameroon

Douala, Cameroon

Kribi Beach, Cameroon

Mandara Mountain Village

Waza Preserve

Bamileke Country “The Chutes” Waterfalls

Music from Cameroon Funeral Procession in the Atlantika Mountains

Lali Music of the Bamileke n n Warrior dance. Serves preparatory and celebratory purposes. Express bravery, virility, and brotherhood. Prohibited during colonial period as it represented a threat to European colonists.

Lali Perceptive Listening n n Identify means. How many musicians? What instruments or what kinds of instruments? All instruments belong to what family?

Music of Mexico

Music of Mexico n n n Large country with many regions and a variety of local cultures. Largely mountainous. Half of work force engaged in agriculture. Growing industrial and commercial sectors. Coastal areas have become a favorite tourist destination.

Major Cultural Influences 1. Native- The Aztec capital of Tenoctitlan was at present Mexico City. Many other native groups, some vassal states to the Aztecs, also occupied the area of present Mexico.

Major Cultural Influences 2. Spanish- Conquistadors under Hernan Cortes arrived in 1519, eventually conquered the Aztecs under Montezuma, and took their gold. Spanish colonization introduced a rich European musical heritage.

Major Cultural Influences 3. 4. African- The Spanish imported African slaves to work their colonial plantations. Caribbean- The culture of these islands, itself a combination of Spanish, African, and native elements, influenced Mexico through immigration and slave trade.

Mestizo n n Literally “mixture, ” in this case referring to culture. Cross fertizilation and blending of Spanish, Indian (native), and African cultures in Mexico.

Music of Mexico

Music of Mexico

Veracruz Fort San Juan de Ulua

Veracruz Zocalo Market Zocalo Square

Music of Veracruz n n 1. 2. Sones Jarochos- traditional songs of Veracruz. Typically performed on four instruments: Arpon- 35 - string harp, melody and bass. Requinto Jarocho- 4 -string guitar, melody.

Music of Veracruz n 3. 4. Sones Jarochos Instrumentation (continued): Jarana- thin guitar. Spanish Guitar- traditional 6 string.

Hear the Rhythm

Music of Mexico

Music of Mexico

Jalisco

Puerto Vallarta Beach

Puerto Vallarta Malecon Landmark Cathedral

Guadalajara Mariachi Ensemble Mariachi Festival Parade

Music of Jalisco n Mariachi- ensemble employed for a variety of styles. Instrumentation includes several violins, two trumpets, guitarron (bass guitar), vihuela (short 5 -string rhythm guitar), and Spanish Guitar (traditional 6 -string).

Music of Jalisco n n Son Jalisciense- literally “song from Jalisco. ” Cancion Ranchera- literally “country song. ”

La Negra n n One of the best known of the Sones Jalisciense. Example of polymeter, as accents among the six beat measure shift to arrange them in two groups of three then three groups of two.

La Negra

Music from China

Music from China

Music from China

Shanghai

Beijing (Peking)

The Forbidden City Beijing

The Forbidden City Beijing Golden Water Bridges

The Forbidden City Beijing Gate of the Celestial Guardians

The Forbidden City Beijing Five Dragon Pavilions

Temple of Heaven Double Ring Pavilion

The Great Wall

Peking (Beijing) Opera n n Origins uncertain. Dated from 600 to 6000 years ago. Chinese opera performed in a wide variety of regional and local styles. Combination of some of these styles in Peking from 17 th century. Combines orchestral music, singing, acrobatic martial arts, and pantomime.

Peking Opera Characters

Peking Opera Characters Lao Sheng Xiao Sheng Wu Sheng

The Story of White Snake

The Story of White Snake

The Story of White Snake

The Story of White Snake

The Story of White Snake

The Story of White Snake

Instruments Employed in Peking Opera n Jinghu- small, twostringed bowed lute, accompanies male roles.

Instruments Employed in Peking Opera n Jing Erhu- larger version of jinghu, accompanies female roles.

Instruments Employed in Peking Opera n Yueqinround plucked lute, accompanies male and female roles.

Instruments Employed in Peking Opera n Yangqinhammered dulcimer.

Instruments Employed in Peking Opera n Ruan- plucked lute.

Instruments Employed in Peking Opera n Pipa- pear-shaped lute.

Operatic Vocal Technique n n Western (European) Opera- lower range, voice resonates in chest. Peking Opera- generally higher range, voice resonates in head cavities, producing the characteristic “shrill tonal quality” (to Western listeners).

Chapter 2 Test Review 1. 2. 3. Which of Thomas Edison’s inventions was most beneficial to the music world? Ethnomusicologist. The ability to look at the world from another person’s perspective or to “stand in someone else’s shoes” is called _______.

Chapter 2 Test Review 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Where is Cameroon? Lali. Mestizo. Sones Jarochos. Guitarron-

Chapter 2 Test Review 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. The Story of White Snake is a well -known ________. Briefly compare Western and Peking operatic vocal techniques. Hunter/Gatherer. Pastoral. Agricultural Industrial Information/Technological-

Chapter 2 Test Review 16. 17. Abraham measures his wealth in livestock. He is a member of a ______ society. Joseph measures his wealth in fine art and other possessions and lives in a permanent house. Although there artisans, craftsman, and trade, there is no large scale manufacturing. He is a member of an _____ society.

Chapter 2 Test Review 18. 19. Adam must hunt animals or gather vegetables to eat. He doesn’t farm, but is an expert on the forest, knowing just when certain foods are available in which parts of his territory. He is a ______. Henry’s society depends on large-scale manufacture of goods for trade, such as automobiles. He works in a factory. He lives in an

Chapter 2 Test Review 20. Billionaire Bill has earned his billions selling “ 1”s and “ 0”s arranged in very particular orders. He calls these packages “programs” or “applications” which control machines. He is a member of an ________ society.

Chapter 2 Test Review q 1. 2. 3. 4. Listening: Lali- warrior dance of the Bamileke. Cameroon. La Bamba- Son Jarochos. Veracruz. La Negra- Son Jaliscience. Jalisco. The Story of White Snake- Peking Opera. China.

Ethnomusicology Listening Test

Ethnomusicology Music from Other Cultures