Romantic Time Period 1825 1900 The Age of

Romantic Time Period 1825 -1900 The Age of expression

General Characteristics • • Revolutions-Political, Industrial, Social Scientific Advances Nationalism Nature

Characteristics of Romantic Art and Above the Sea of Literature Wanderer Fog, by Casper David Friedrich, • Emphasis on Nature and Love • Aesthetic experience -pleasing to the senses • Intellectual • Reaction against the age of The enlightenment 1818

Differences? Classical Art (Bottom) Painting by: David Jacques-Lois The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of his Sons Romantic Art (Top) Eldena Ruin by Casper David Friedrich 1825

Authors of the Romantic Period • Charles Dickens-England – famous work “A Christmas carol” • Edger Allan Poe-America – Famous poem “the raven” • William Wordsworth-England – Poem “Tintern Abbey”

• • Musical Characteristics Longer phrases Chromaticism Longer Symphonies Extended chord tones (adding notes)

Differences with Classical and Romantic Music Classical Romantic Melody Disjunct and conjunct Often lyrical, long irregular phrases Harmony Modulation to closely related keys Increased use of modulation Rhythm Mixture, not always driving Frequent change in meters with different movements Form Sonata Allegro, Opera Same as classical but expanded Texture Homophonic

Ideals of Classical Music vs. Romantic Music Classical Romantic Music stayed in the lines Music explored outside the lines Modulation to very close keys Modulated to unrelated keys Beethoven led the way to the Romantic time period. You can hear major differences between his 5 th symphony and his 9 th symphony

Art Song • • Solo voice and Piano Often short High artistic and literary quality Ends with a postlude (played by the piano)

Turn my piano to the side! • Jan Ladislav Dussek • Wanted his admirers to be able to see his profile.

Piano Music of Liszt and Chopin Liszt Chopin Pulsating chordal background to melodies Very Lyrical Limited range Used a wide range of notes

Johannes Brahms May 7, 1833 - April 3, 1897 Born in Hamburg, Germany Moved to Vienna, Austria composer and pianist Was considered the successor of Beethoven • Composed over 215 works • • •

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky • • May 7, 1840 - November 6, 1893 Born in Russia Studied music against parents will Mentally unstable Composed hundreds of pieces Died from E coli Famous compositions include – The Nutcracker – 1812 Overture – Swan Lake – Sleeping Beauty

Richard Wagner • May 22 1813 -February 13, 1883 • Born in Germany • Known for complex texture, rich harmonies and large orchestration • Adolf Hitler admired his music • Famous compositions include – Ride of the Valkyries – Wedding March

Franz Peter Schubert • • • January 31 1797 - November 19, 1828 Austrian composer Over 600 compositions Wrote piano music for 4 hands Famous compositions include – Marche Militaire D 733 No. 1

Famous Romantic Composers in order of birth Schubert Liszt Chopin Brahms Wagner Tchaikovsky

Symphonies • Brahms – 4 • Tchaikovsky – 6 • Schubert – 9

Program Music • A type of art music • Often times included a narration in the concert program that painted a picture or a scene. • Counteracted absolute music.

How did Romantic operas differ from Classical Operas Classical Romantic Short melodic lines Longer melodic lines with chromaticism Backed up by small ensemble or organ Backed up by larger ensembles or orchestra German Operas-Romantic Italian Operas-Romantic Instrumental part just as important as vocal Vocal line predominant

Rubato • • Stolen Time Slowing down to add tension Didn’t keep a steady beat Chopin mastered this technique

Nationalism • Patriotic Music • Composers have pride in their country and put folk songs into their compositions • Ex: Mussorgsky-Pictures at an exhibition

The “Mighty 5” Russian nationalist composers • • • Mily Balakirev Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov Modest Mussorgsky Alecksandr Borodin Cesar Cui

Romantic Instruments • Woodwind – Saxophone • Brass – Tuba – French horn • Keyboard – Xylophone

Listening example 1 • • • Composer: Richard Wagner Title: “Ride Of The Valkyries” Date: 1854 Texture: Homophonic Form: Opera Additional Information: Instrumental version as well.

Listening example 2 • • • Composer: Tchaikovsky Title: Nutcracker Suite “Trepak” Date: 1892 Texture: Homophonic Form: Ballet Additional information: Set of dances

Listening Example 3 • • • Composer: Mussorgsky Title: ” Night on bald mountain” Date: 1867 Texture: Homophonic Form: Tone Poem Additional Information: The actual real title is “A Night On Bare Mountain” Meaning a mountain without trees.

21) Do you consider yourself a classic or romantic • And why?