Thaumatrope 1825 2020111 Round board with a cage

Thaumatrope - 1825 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Round board with a cage on one side and a bird on the other. A piece of string is attached to each edge. When the disc is spun the bird appears to be inside the cage 2

Phenakistiscope - 1832 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Disc with images drawn in sequential order around its surface. Above each image is a slit. The user holds the disc up to a mirror with the image facing the mirror. The user spins the disc and look through the slit at the image in the mirror. Since slit is narrow each image is only seen in a single position. 'optimal' number of fframes per second found to be 16. 3

Zeotrope - 1834 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 (Daedalum - Wheel of the Devil - Wheel of Life) 4

Kineograph (flipbook) - 1868 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Set of sequential drawings bound together as a book. User looks at the pages while flipping through them. wikipedia entry: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Flipbook 5

Praxinoscope - 1877 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Band of pictures is placed inside an outer cylinder. Each picture is reflected by a set of flat mirrors on the inner cylinder. The number of mirrors is equal to the number of pictures. The user looks down into the device at the mirrors. When the cylinder rotates, the reflected pictures gives the illusion of motion. Brighter, clearer image than Zeotrope. If you want to see a simple version of one of these, go to the Life Over Time exhibit at the Field Museum 6

Zoopraxiscope - 1877 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Eadweard Muybridge 7 7 陳鍾誠 - 2020/11/1

Mutoscope – 1895 Mechanized version of the flipbook

The Movies and Cell Animation 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 First animated cartoon - 1906 - J. Stuart Blackton First use of translucent cells (celluloid) - 1910 - John Bray Out of Bray's studio: multiple layers of cells using greyscale drawings using pegs/peg holes to align the layers (registration) color in 1920 people like Max Fleischer (Betty Boop. Superman), Walkter Lantz (Woody Woodpecker) 9

Rotoscoping - 1915 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 trace live action images to create individual animation trames 12

Walt Disney and associates 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 storyboards to review story pencil drawings to review motion multi-plane camera stand - instead of laying the cells directly onto the backdrop, place each element on a separate plane. Each plane can move independantly from the others and the camera. Can create the illusion of depth, zooming, motion blur sound - Steamboat Willie with Ub Iwerks - 1928 (though Max Fleisher did sound in 1924 in Oh! Mabel) two-strip technicolour - Ub Iwerks - Fiddlesticks - 1930 three-strip technicolour - Flowers and Trees - 1932 stereo sound - Fantasia - 1940 13

Computer Animation 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 University of Utah, Ohio State University, Cornell, North Carolina State pioneered the field in the 60 s and early 70 s. Large numbers of people would begin to see computer animation in the mid to late 70 s at the movies. 14

陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 星際大戰 (Star Wars) – 1977 - vector graphics Rebel Pilots trench briefing done with computer graphics created here at EVL (then called the Circle Graphics Habitat) at the University of Illinois at Chicago Circle by Larry Cuba. 15

電子世界爭霸戰 (Tron) - 1982 - coloured, shaded graphics 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 16

星艦迷航記 (Star Trek) II - 1983 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 particle system for the Genesis Effect 17

無底洞 (Abyss) - 1989 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 realistic natural object (water) moving in an unrealistic way - water tentacle) 18

陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 侏儸紀公園 (Jurassic Park) - 1993 - back to animating dinosaurs but now with CG 19

玩具總動員 (Toy Story) - 1995 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 - first full length computer animation feature 20

龍捲風 (Twister) - 1996 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 - lots of particles 21

鐵達尼號 (Titanic) - 1997 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 - Computer generated people in the background 22

星際大戰首部曲 (Star Wars) I 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 - the Phantom Menace - 1999 - computer generated jar and yoda and others. We should see more of this in the later Star Wars prequels, and with Gollum in the Lord of the Rings films. Computer generated stunt people would be used for action scenes in films like Spiderman. 23

太空戰士 (Final Fantasy) : 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 The Spirits Within - 2001 - fairly realistic looking human characters, and by 2005 with Final Fantasy: Advent Children even more realistic looking human characters, and by 2007 there was Beowulf with even more realistic looking characters 24

魔戒 (Lord of the Rings) : 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Fellowship of the Ring - 2001 - lots and lots of CG people fighting, which would be further enhanced in the Two Towers and the Return of the King. 25

Timeline 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 http: //www. evl. uic. edu/aej/527/lecture 03. html http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Timeline_of_CGI_i n_film_and_television 26

資料來源 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 http: //www. evl. uic. edu/aej/527/lecture 01. html 27

CG 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 三維計算機圖形（3 D computer graphics）是計算機和特殊三維軟體 幫助下創造的藝術作品。一般來講， 該術語可指代創造這些圖形的過程， 或者三維計算機圖形技術的研究領域， 及其相關技術。 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/3 D_computer _graphics http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title= %E 4%B 8%89%E 7%BB%B 4%E 8%AE% A 1%E 7%AE%97%E 6%9 C%BA%E 5%9 B%BE%E 5%BD%A 2%E 5%AD%A 6&vari ant=zh-tw 29

陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 3 D Computer Graphics Software http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/3 D_computer_grap hics_software 32

Subdivision surface 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 子分曲面 http: //zh. wikipedia. org/ w/index. php? title=%E 5 %AD%90%E 5%88%8 6%E 6%9 B%B 2%E 9% 9 D%A 2&variant=zh-tw 40

CSG 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 構造實體幾何（英文為 Constructive solid geometry，縮寫為 CSG） 41

POV-Ray 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 POV-Ray，全名是Persistence of Vision Raytracer，是一個使用光線跟蹤繪製三維圖像 的開放原始碼免費軟體。運行POV腳本語言。 它是基於DKBTrace來開發的, DKBTrace是由 David Kirk Buck和 Aaron A. Collins編寫在 Amiga上的. POV-ray早期也受到了Polyray raytracer 作者 Alexander Enzmann 的幫助。很 多漂亮的圖片就是由POV-ray來製作的。 http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=POVRay&variant=zh-tw 43

UV mapping 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 UV mapping is a 3 D modeling process of making a 2 D image representing a 3 D model. The map transforms the 3 D object onto an image known as a texture. In contrast to "X", "Y" and "Z", which are the coordinates for the original 3 D object in the modeling space, "U" and "V" are the coordinates of the transformed object. This creates the effect of painting the image onto the surface of the 3 D object. http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/UV_mapping 47

Boolean Operation 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 50

Open. GL v. s. Direct 3 D 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Open. GL http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Open. GL &variant=zh-tw Open. GL ES http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Open. GL_ES &variant=zh-tw Direct 3 D http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Direct 3 D &variant=zh-tw 51

l Polygon Mesh (網格) l Polygon Mesh l l l 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Polygon_mesh http: //zh. wikipedia. org/wiki/%E 5%A 4%9 A%E 8%B E%B 9%E 5%BD%A 2%E 7%BD%91%E 6%A 0%BC http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=%E 7%B A%BF%E 6%A 1%86%E 6%A 8%A 1%E 5%9 E%8 B &variant=zh-tw http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=%E 9%9 D%9 E%E 7%BB%93%E 6%9 E%84%E 7%BD%91 %E 6%A 0%BC&variant=zh-tw 多邊形網格是三維計算機圖形學中表示多面體形狀的頂點 與多邊形的集合，它也叫作非結構網格。 52

NURBS 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 非均匀有理样条（NURBS），（non uniform rational B-spline），是在计算机图形学中常用的数学模型，用于 产生和表示曲线及曲面。 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/NURBS http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=%E 9%9 D%9 E%E 5%9 D %87%E 5%8 C%80%E 6%9 C%89%E 7%90%86 B%E 6%A 0%B 7% E 6%9 D%A 1&variant=zh-tw 53

NURBS v. s. Polygon 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 光滑物件 多面體物件 54

Motion capture 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Motion capture, motion tracking, or mocap are terms used to describe the process of recording movement and translating the movement onto a digital model. It is used in military, entertainment, sports, and medical applications. In filmmaking it refers to recording actions of human actors, and using that information to animate digital character models in 3 D animation. When it includes face, fingers and captures subtle expressions, it is often referred to as performance capture. 58

Skeletal animation 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Skeletal animation, sometimes referred to as rigging, is a technique in computer animation, particularly in the animation of vertebrates, in which a character is represented in two parts: a surface representation used to draw the character (called the skin) and a hierarchical set of bones used for animation only (called the skeleton). 60

Forward kinematics 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Forward kinematics is computation of the position and orientation of robot's end effector as a function of its joint angles. It is widely used in robotics, computer games, and animation. The reverse process is known as inverse kinematics. 62

Crowd simulation 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Crowd simulation is the process of simulating the movement of a large number of objects or characters, now often appearing in 3 D computer graphics for film. 63

Virtual reality 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 64

3 D 物件格式 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 3 ds x Dxf Obj VRML X 3 D 66

Sprite 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 In computer graphics, a sprite (also known by other names; see Synonyms below) is a two-dimensional/three-dimensional image or animation that is integrated into a larger scene. Sprites were originally invented as a method of quickly compositing several images together in two-dimensional video games using special hardware. As computer performance improved, this optimization became unnecessary and the term evolved to refer specifically to the two dimensional images themselves that were integrated into a scene. That is, figures generated by either custom hardware or by software alone were all referred to as sprites. As three-dimensional graphics became more prevalent, the term was used to describe a technique whereby flat images are seamlessly integrated into complicated three-dimensional scenes. 67

NURBS v. s. Polygon 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 光滑物件 多面體物件 69

粗略製作流程 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 建模 (Modeling) 操縱 (Rigging) 建立骨架關節 (Motion Skeletons) 模型 使用正向關節運動 FK (Forward Kinetics) 與 反向關節運動 IK (Inverse Kinetics) 進行操控測試 動畫製作 (Animation) 建立角色、物品、環境等模型 Key frame animation 算圖 (Rendering) 73

Digital Production Pipeline Story Visual Development Character Design Storyboards Scene Layout Modeling Animation Shading and Texturing Lighting Rendering Post Production

Story Different types of stories beginning/middle/end with conflict and resolution (drama) sequences built around a situation Mickey Mouse String of Gags Red’s Dream Roadrunner Story is the most important part of any animation 1 big, simple idea the story you can tell in 2 sentences Shorts are particularly hard to get right

Visual Development What look will your scenes have? Who are the characters and how do they look? Develop style Includes the creation of characters, environments (desert, swamp), props, etc. Involves painters, sculptors, illustrators, etc. Lots of drawings pasted up on the wall !

Character Design After story come characters Consists mostly of drawings, or sculptures body poses facial expressions key features from multiple points of view Note the lack of computers at this stage!

Storyboards The film in outline form specify the key scenes specify the camera moves and edits specify character gross motion Typically paper and pencil sketches on individual Sheets taped on a wall Still not very many computers…

Story Boarding (from “A Bug’s Life”)

What makes a good storyboard? Does the shot sequence maintain continuity not confuse the audience contain variations in pacing Is the information clearly presented? Are the characters clearly portrayed? Is the story clear? Do you have the techniques necessary to pull it off? Can you do it with the time and $ you have?

Scene Layout Design the scenes for example, build the room with an understanding of the camera pan create colors, textures, props keep in mind camera and character motion within the scene use placeholder geometry and start to design camera moves

Digital Production Pipeline Story Visual Development Character Design Storyboards Scene Layout Modeling Animating Shading and Texturing Lighting Rendering Post Production

Modeling (1) Create geometric models of environment, props, characters Keep in mind the ultimate purpose of the model – feature film, game, etc. Set up internal skeleton and animation handles appropriately for that character’s behaviors

Modeling (2)

Modeling (3)

Rendering Frames can take hours to render 1800 frames for a single minute of animation Pixar has a HUGE renderfarm

Post Production Sound track sync Titles Cuts and effects (dissolves, fades, etc)

Costs: Lilo and Stitch $80 Million Spirited Away $20 Million Pirates of the Caribbean $140 Million Walking Tall $46 Million

Computer Graphics Animation Jobs Character Animators Effects/Prop (道具) Animtors Modelers Lighting Artists Technical Directors – the interface to technology.

Long List of CG Jobs Character animators Effects animators Modelers Lighting artists Compositors Motion Technical Directors Modeling Technical Directors Look Development Artists Production Software Technical Directors

Critical CG Activities Modeling Animation Shading and Texturing Lighting Rendering

3 D 動畫的相關軟體 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 Google Earth Google Sketchup MS Virtual Earth MS True. Space Autodesk Maya Autodesk 3 Dmax Autodesk Auto. CAD 99 Open. Source Blender

Blender 陳鍾誠 2020/11/1 http: //zh. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Blend er&variant=zh-tw 101

使用Blender的藝術家 以下的著名藝術使用Blender為其主要或唯一的製片 具 Andreas Goralczyk (@ndy)，winner of two subsequent Suzanne Blender Awards (2003 - Best Animation，2004 - Best Still) Stefano Selleri (S 68) (Suzanne Blender Awards 2003 - Best Still) Bassam Kurdali (slikdigit) (Suzanne Blender Awards 2004 - Best Animation) Bastian Salmela (basse) Endre Barath (endi) Jean-Sébastien Guillemette (Ecks，formerly X-WARRIOR) Robert Tiess (Robert. T) Huanghai(Death. Blood)2006 Blender F 1藝術大賽第二名 Blender Animation

網路教材 (1) iamar's Site - Blender Lecture -- http: //iamar 3 d. com/ Greybeard's Blender Tutorials -- http: //www. ibiblio. org/bvidtute/ Computer Graphics Tietokonegrafiikka 52493 S Winter-Spring 2004 - Blender -- http: //www. ee. oulu. fi/~kapu/cg_course/compgrfx-27. htm Wikipedia: Blender -- http: //zh. wikipedia. org/wiki/Blender 中文站 -- http: //www. blendercn. org/ Blender 中文手册 -- http: //wiki. blendercn. org/index. php/Manual Quick Start -- http: //www. blender. org/education-help/quickstart/. Getting Started -- http: //www. blender. org/education-help/tutorials/getting-started/ Blender User Interface Tutorial -- http: //www. blender. org/educationhelp/tutorials/tutorial-folder/blender-user-interface-tutorial/ The Blender Windows -- http: //www. blender. org/education-help/tutorials/tutorialfolder/the-blender-windows/ Blender Nation -- http: //www. blendernation. com/tutorials/

網路教材 (2) http: //www. blender. org/features-gallery/featurevideos/ http: //www. pixel 2 life. com/tutorials/blender_3 d/begi nner_guides/ http: //forum. nystic. com/blender. php http: //homepages. inf. ed. ac. uk/tkomura/can/#notes http: //www. inf. ed. ac. uk/teaching/courses/vis/ http: //www. vtk. org/ http: //graphics. ucsd. edu/courses/cse 169_w 08/ses sions. html

Blender 的書籍 http: //en. wikibooks. org/wiki/Blender_3 D: _Tutor ial_Links_List

用 Blender 拍的影片 Big Buck Bunny (Open Source) http: //youtube. com/watch? v=YE 7 Vzl. Ltp-4 Orange http: //orange. blender. org/ Elephants. Dream http: //orange. blender. org/ Ceature Teaser http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=KZHGJ 0 DF 6 q 4 &feature=related

台灣學生的影片 – 非 Blender 英熊 -- http: //www. wretch. cc/blog/lion 455/20887442 雲想 -- http: //blog. xuite. net/sat 00149/blog/16596148

影音教材 Shper 3 boy's Blender Tutorial -- http: //hk. youtube. com/profile_videos? user=super 3 boy&p=r Video Tutorial -- http: //www. blender. org/education-help/videotutorials/ Model, Material and Light -- http: //www. blender. org/educationhelp/video-tutorials/modelmateriallight/ Animation -- http: //www. blender. org/education-help/videotutorials/animation/ Advance Tools -- http: //www. blender. org/education-help/videotutorials/advanced-tools/ Miscellaneous -- http: //www. blender. org/education-help/videotutorials/miscellaneous/ Feature Video -- http: //www. blender. org/features-gallery/featurevideos/ Movie -- http: //www. blender. org/features-gallery/movies/ Rigging -- http: //tw. youtube. com/watch? v=bgl. XLsz. Gd 3 o

中文的 Blender 資源 http: //www. blendercn. org/ http: //fhkkta. blogspot. com/search/label/3 D

Blender 藝術家雜誌 http: //www. blenderart. org/issues/

參考文獻 http: //zh. wikipedia. org/wiki/Blender

Blender 的下載 到 blender. org 下載 http: //www. blender. org/download/get-blender/ 平台 Windows, Linux, Mac, Solaris, Free. BSD 都有