ELECTROLYTIC CELL FIELD EXPERIENCE THE ROLE OF FIELD

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ELECTROLYTIC CELL FIELD EXPERIENCE — THE ROLE OF FIELD OPERATIONS AND FEEDBACK IN THE

ELECTROLYTIC CELL FIELD EXPERIENCE — THE ROLE OF FIELD OPERATIONS AND FEEDBACK IN THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF THE RENOCELL® NOVEMBER 1999 VRII-9028 -0/Slide 1 Renovare International, Inc.

VRII-9028 -0/Slide 2 Renovare International, Inc.

VRII-9028 -0/Slide 2 Renovare International, Inc.

TECHNOLOGY FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM “Reno. Cell®” embodies a revolutionary electrodeposition technology that Renovare

TECHNOLOGY FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM “Reno. Cell®” embodies a revolutionary electrodeposition technology that Renovare International, Inc. is commercializing and bringing to the market at a time when the demand for more robust, efficient and cost-effective water treatment equipment and systems is growing worldwide. VRII-9028 -0/Slide 3 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL’S DEMONSTRATED CAPABILITIES • Achieves metal recovery or effluent discharge limits with sub-mg/L performance

RENOCELL’S DEMONSTRATED CAPABILITIES • Achieves metal recovery or effluent discharge limits with sub-mg/L performance • Collects most metals as elements ready for sale or reuse • Uses removable cathode cartridges for ease of operations and maintenance • Improves cost effectiveness and reduces life cycle costs VRII-9028 -0/Slide 4 Renovare International, Inc.

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW VRII-9028 -0/Slide 5 Renovare International, Inc.

TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW VRII-9028 -0/Slide 5 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL BACKGROUND • Nine years in development by a world-class R&D organization • Advanced

RENOCELL BACKGROUND • Nine years in development by a world-class R&D organization • Advanced electrochemical R&D focused on: – Current distribution – Potential distribution – Hydrodynamics – Cell geometry – Cell components – Cell performance • Patented by EA Technology, Ltd. (EATL), Capenhurst UK VRII-9028 -0/Slide 6 Renovare International, Inc.

EATL’S ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL DEVELOPMENT 1970 1980 1990 DEM CELL • General Purpose • Synthesis,

EATL’S ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL DEVELOPMENT 1970 1980 1990 DEM CELL • General Purpose • Synthesis, Waste Treatment • Product (Licensee) • 1984 1997 Manufacture by EA Technology (active, 1996) ANODIC CORROSION • Synthesis of Metal Salts • Manufacture by EA Technology • 1989 CHEMELEC CELL • Metal Recovery • Effluent Streams • Product (Licensee) • 1981 POROCELL • Metal Recovery • Effluent Streams • Custom Product, Manufacture by EA Technology (active, 1996) RENOCELL® 1997 LICENSE TO RENOVARE CEER CELL • Circuit Boards • Recovery of Cu and Etchant • Product (Licensee) • 1981 DEVELOPMENTS • Divided Tank Cell • Rotating Cathode Cell • DEM Cell MK II VRII-9028 -0/Slide 7 Renovare International, Inc.

ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS • Recent developments involve improved, high surface area cathodes and metal

ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS • Recent developments involve improved, high surface area cathodes and metal oxide anodes where the cell performance depends on three mass transport processes: • Convection in the bulk solution; mixing of the solution can increase the bulk transfer – Diffusion from the bulk solution to the electrode surface – Conversion of the adsorbed ion into metal which is restricted by the limiting current for a particular metal and solution chemistry and cannot be overcome by mixing or increasing the potential VRII-9028 -0/Slide 8 Renovare International, Inc.

3 -D ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS • Improvements in applied electrolytical cells have focused on:

3 -D ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS • Improvements in applied electrolytical cells have focused on: – Obtaining high active cathode areas which allows compact design and efficient conversions even at low concentrations – High current efficiency to minimize energy usage – High current density to effect rapid metal removal – Intimate contact between electrolyte and electrodes to provide high mass transport – Ease of product removal – Safety and ease of control – Lower operating and capital costs VRII-9028 -0/Slide 9 Renovare International, Inc.

3 -D ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS • Commonly-used 2 -D cells, such as tank cells,

3 -D ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS • Commonly-used 2 -D cells, such as tank cells, do not achieve stringent treatment standards. • Considerable effort directed towards using 3 -D cells with packed, fluidized, and porous electrodes. Fluidization of carbon or glass particles increased mass transfer but loss of electrical contact and abrasion of particles during fluidization reduces the performance of these types of cells. • Considerable efforts have been directed towards finding high surface area, stationary electrode materials. Testing indicates that low concentrations of metals can only be achieved with reasonable current efficiencies by using porous electrodes. VRII-9028 -0/Slide 10 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL’S R&D • Objectives in the early 1990’s were: – Enhancement in metal recovery

RENOCELL’S R&D • Objectives in the early 1990’s were: – Enhancement in metal recovery performance over conventional cells by using porous cathode cells – Develop a “user friendly” product suitable for industrial applications • Resulted in a high cathode surface utilization and excellent metal removal rates due to: – Even electrolyte flow through the entire area of the cathode – Electrical potential feed (and current flow) to the entire length and circumference of the cathode cylinder – Removal of the metals by incorporating the carbon cathode and support as a replaceable cartridge – Recovery of the metal by chemical or anodic redissolution or smelting VRII-9028 -0/Slide 11 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL’S PATENTED ELECTROLYTIC CELL TECHNOLOGY VRII-9028 -0/Slide 12 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL’S PATENTED ELECTROLYTIC CELL TECHNOLOGY VRII-9028 -0/Slide 12 Renovare International, Inc.

RESEARCH LEADS TO A CHANGING PARADIGM. . . • For the first time, an

RESEARCH LEADS TO A CHANGING PARADIGM. . . • For the first time, an electrolytic cell attains high metal removal rates with sub-mg/L performance. • This performance is achieved through effective use of 3 -D porous carbon cathodes. The 3 -D cathode greatly enhances performance because the porous cathode has >500 times greater effective surface area than 2 -D cathode of the same nominal size. This high surface area allows metal deposition at higher current efficiencies, lower current densities and higher deposition rates and thereby achieves lower final metal ion concentrations. VRII-9028 -0/Slide 13 Renovare International, Inc.

TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE VRII-9028 -0/Slide 14 Renovare International, Inc.

TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE VRII-9028 -0/Slide 14 Renovare International, Inc.

3 -D CATHODE USE ALLOWS. . . • State of the art performance for

3 -D CATHODE USE ALLOWS. . . • State of the art performance for treatment of process and wastewater containing heavy and precious metals • Electrochemical deposition of many metals directly from aqueous solutions without the addition of reagents. • Performance advantages based upon: – – Porous high surface area cathode Improved current and potential control enhance metal removal Compact robust design Technology evolution including divided cell VRII-9028 -0/Slide 15 Renovare International, Inc.

SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED METALS • • VRII-9028 -0/Slide 16 Cadmium • Copper • Mercury •

SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED METALS • • VRII-9028 -0/Slide 16 Cadmium • Copper • Mercury • Platinum • Iron • Lead Osmium • Ruthenium • Tin • Zinc Nickel Cobalt Rhodium Gold Palladium Silver Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL TESTING AND OPERATING PERFORMANCE* *All tests on 2. 5 liter volumes using a

RENOCELL TESTING AND OPERATING PERFORMANCE* *All tests on 2. 5 liter volumes using a 0. 015 m 2 laboratory Reno. Cell VRII-9028 -0/Slide 17 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL TESTING AND OPERATING PERFORMANCE* (Continued) *All tests on 2. 5 liter volumes using

RENOCELL TESTING AND OPERATING PERFORMANCE* (Continued) *All tests on 2. 5 liter volumes using a 0. 015 m 2 laboratory Reno. Cell VRII-9028 -0/Slide 18 Renovare International, Inc.

COPPER RECOVERY FROM DILUTE PLATING BATH VRII-9028 -0/Slide 19 Renovare International, Inc.

COPPER RECOVERY FROM DILUTE PLATING BATH VRII-9028 -0/Slide 19 Renovare International, Inc.

ELECTROLYTIC CELL TREATMENT COMPARISON VRII-9028 -0/Slide 20 Renovare International, Inc.

ELECTROLYTIC CELL TREATMENT COMPARISON VRII-9028 -0/Slide 20 Renovare International, Inc.

ELECTROLYTIC CELL OPERATING RANGES VRII-9028 -0/Slide 21 Renovare International, Inc.

ELECTROLYTIC CELL OPERATING RANGES VRII-9028 -0/Slide 21 Renovare International, Inc.

TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION VRII-9028 -0/Slide 22 Renovare International, Inc.

TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION VRII-9028 -0/Slide 22 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGY • Since the principles of electrodeposition are the same for all

RENOCELL COMMERCIALIZATION STRATEGY • Since the principles of electrodeposition are the same for all electrochemical cells, Renovare’s strategy is to “engineer and apply” Reno. Cell’s patented, 3 -D technology to take advantage of its substantially enhanced performance. • This will allow Renovare to meet its goals of establishing Reno. Cell as the new standard of performance and economics in heavy and precious metal recovery and effluent treatment applications. VRII-9028 -0/Slide 23 Renovare International, Inc.

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT • Products are market-driven and reflect the need for world-class design, “user-friendliness”

PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT • Products are market-driven and reflect the need for world-class design, “user-friendliness” and ease of implementation across a wide range of industrial applications. • Renovare uses a seamless outsourcing approach or product design and manufacturing, resulting in rapid development, quicker time-to-market, and lower cost with reduced risks. VRII-9028 -0/Slide 24 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT • Cell Design • Working Electrode Designs • Counter Electrode Design

RENOCELL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT • Cell Design • Working Electrode Designs • Counter Electrode Design • “Divided” Cell Operations VRII-9028 -0/Slide 25 Renovare International, Inc.

MAJOR FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES • Porous carbon element cathode – – Greatly increased deposition

MAJOR FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES • Porous carbon element cathode – – Greatly increased deposition surface area High metal extraction rates Three to ten times more energy efficient Effective at concentrations down to 1 mg/L and below • Metal deposits plated on carbon element • Replaceable cathode cartridges – Easy metal removal – Quick and easy cathode replacement – Low operating and manpower requirements VRII-9028 -0/Slide 26 Renovare International, Inc.

MAJOR FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES (Continued) • Compact, robust design – Increased reliability in industrial

MAJOR FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES (Continued) • Compact, robust design – Increased reliability in industrial environments – Very small footprint – Capable of being wall mounted • Industry-standard components • Optional divided cell operations – Allows treatment of anodically-sensitive solutions VRII-9028 -0/Slide 27 Renovare International, Inc.

PRE-PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS AND INSTALLATIONS VRII-9028 -0/Slide 28 Renovare International, Inc.

PRE-PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS AND INSTALLATIONS VRII-9028 -0/Slide 28 Renovare International, Inc.

PRE-PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS AND INSTALLATIONS (Continued) VRII-9028 -0/Slide 29 Renovare International, Inc.

PRE-PRODUCTION APPLICATIONS AND INSTALLATIONS (Continued) VRII-9028 -0/Slide 29 Renovare International, Inc.

BASIS FOR CELL DESIGN CHANGES • Improve Performance • Improve Cell Reliability • Reduce

BASIS FOR CELL DESIGN CHANGES • Improve Performance • Improve Cell Reliability • Reduce Maintenance Costs • Reflect Lessons Learned in the Field • Reduce Production Cost VRII-9028 -0/Slide 30 Renovare International, Inc.

HOUSING DESIGN CHANGES • Hinged Swing Bolts and Handles • Larger Diameter • Tapped

HOUSING DESIGN CHANGES • Hinged Swing Bolts and Handles • Larger Diameter • Tapped Pipe Holes for Fluid Flow CATHODE DESIGN CHANGES • • VRII-9028 -0/Slide 31 Dual Cathode Posts Cathode Post to Feeder Jam Nut Connection Straight Cathode Feeder Strips Removable Base Plate Renovare International, Inc.

ANODE DESIGN CHANGES • Feeder Posts through Either Lid DIVIDER MEMBRANE DESIGN CHANGES •

ANODE DESIGN CHANGES • Feeder Posts through Either Lid DIVIDER MEMBRANE DESIGN CHANGES • Tapered Membrane Flanges With O-rings • Dual Wall Membrane Divide VRII-9028 -0/Slide 32 Renovare International, Inc.

NEW PRODUCT DESIGN FEATURES FOR RENOCELL • Top lid easily removable • All electrical

NEW PRODUCT DESIGN FEATURES FOR RENOCELL • Top lid easily removable • All electrical and fluid transfer connections now confined to top and bottom lids • Current feeder post seals now use O-ring • Dual current feeder posts for both cathode and anode • Anode can be mounted with current feeder posts exiting either the top or bottom lids • Catholyte inlet and outlet connections are now both US 3/4 inch (ISO 25 mm) female pipe thread connections • Anolyte inlet and outlet connections are now both US 1/2 inch (ISO 20 mm) female pipe thread connections • Bottom lid insert is easily removable FOR CELL CLEANING • Divider assembly allows membrane replacement VRII-9028 -0/Slide 33 Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL SUPPORTS WASTE MINIMIZATION • Reno. Cell technology focuses on waste minimization and metal

RENOCELL SUPPORTS WASTE MINIMIZATION • Reno. Cell technology focuses on waste minimization and metal recovery in the complex and diverse world of metal finishing operations. Major considerations include: – Different types and concentrations of metals, concentrates and rinses – Variations in waste water volumes – Increasing life cycle costs of treatment – More stringent effluent discharge limits VRII-9028 -0/Slide 34 Renovare International, Inc.

PRINTED WIRING BOARD (PWB) OPERATIONS • PWB manufacturing are complex operations with over 50

PRINTED WIRING BOARD (PWB) OPERATIONS • PWB manufacturing are complex operations with over 50 different process steps • Utilizes variety of metal conductors including: – Copper – Silver – Tin/Lead – Nickel – Tin – Gold • Six to ten major PWB process lines including: – Pattern Plate Acid Copper and Tin/Lead Plating – Nickel/Gold Tab Plating VRII-9028 -0/Slide 35 Renovare International, Inc.

PWB PATTERN PLATE ACID Cu AND TIN/LEAD PLATING LINE VRII-9028 -0/Slide 36 Renovare International,

PWB PATTERN PLATE ACID Cu AND TIN/LEAD PLATING LINE VRII-9028 -0/Slide 36 Renovare International, Inc.

PWB Pattern Plate Acid Cu and Tin/Lead Plating Line Assumptions: • 100 panels/hour •

PWB Pattern Plate Acid Cu and Tin/Lead Plating Line Assumptions: • 100 panels/hour • 6 L water/rinse with 12 rinses/hour VRII-9028 -0/Slide 37 Renovare International, Inc. • •

Typical Cost Comparison for Cu Removal from PWB Shop Rinse Waters Based on: •

Typical Cost Comparison for Cu Removal from PWB Shop Rinse Waters Based on: • • • 40 PPM copper removal to 1 PPM copper Sludge management (including dewatering, transportation and treatment) is $350/ton Ion exchange spent resin is assumed to be treated on site Ion Exchange Treatment VRII-9028 -0/Slide 38 Reno. Cell Renovare International, Inc.

RENOCELL BENEFITS TO PWB APPLICATIONS • Reno. Cell provides PWB manufacturers with several major

RENOCELL BENEFITS TO PWB APPLICATIONS • Reno. Cell provides PWB manufacturers with several major benefits: – Virtual elimination of all metal-bearing hazardous sludges, saving over 40% in overall treatment costs – Total operational cost savings of 70% over conventional treatment methods – Lower initial capital costs with faster pay back periods (less than 2 years) – Reduced wastewater loading on existing waste treatment facilities – Conformance with national and local discharge compliance standards VRII-9028 -0/Slide 39 Renovare International, Inc.

IN SUMMARY • Reno. Cell is the next generation of process and waste water

IN SUMMARY • Reno. Cell is the next generation of process and waste water metal ion removal and metal reclamation treatment equipment. • Renovare’s Reno. Cell product delivers advanced, patented three-dimensional electrodeposition technology incorporated in a compact, robust cell design. • The principles of electrodeposition is the same for all electrochemical cells. However, simply put. … “Reno. Cell® technology works substantially better. ” VRII-9028 -0/Slide 40 Renovare International, Inc.