Egypt land of the pharaohs The Rise of

Egypt : land of the pharaohs

The Rise of Cities (do not write- review) • Farming surpluses lead to population increase • Villages turned to cities – 5, 000 to 30, 000 residents Ancient Ruins • Each emerged in a river valley Modern Cairo

GEOGRAPHY Capital: Cairo President: Hosni Mubarak Area: 386, 900 sq. miles Population: 62, 931, 000 Religion: Muslim 94%, Christian and Jewish 6% Languages: Arabic, English, French

The Nile River • 4, 160 miles • Predictable floods provide crops with water and black silt deposits • Flows north to the Mediterranean sea

The Sahara is the largest desert in the world- over 3. 5 million square miles- as large as the United States Quickwrite: How did the Geography of Egypt affect the country socially?

Egyptian Government • Set up to maintain the food supply • The pharaoh (king) established the laws • The vizier is 2 nd in command controls everything that the pharaoh cannot • The “officials” maintained the law

Economy • Barter was the main form of trade, money was not used until much later. • Most people were farmers • Needs: grain, fish, linen, and mud bricks

Technological Contributions Irrigation Systems provide water for Cairo and other cities.

The Pyramids Stone statues

Writing: Hieroglyphs Streaming video • Invented out of necessity to record trade transactions • Originally used pictograms

The Rosetta Stone • Discovered by Jean Champollion in early 1800’s • A flat black stone with the same message written in hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek • Helped scholars understand hieroglyphics

OTHER INVENTIONS: • Calendar • Clock • Papyrus

Rise of Social Classes farmers cook • Ruling class – Pharaohs considered godlike • Scribes – Priests that kept records for the pharaoh servant girl

Rise of Social Classes (cont. ) cook • Merchants farmers – Traders • Artisans – Men who made objects with their hands • Slaves – Captured in battle servant girl

Religion • Earliest practices included animal worship • Polytheistic ( belief in many gods) – Land sun gods – Examples: hunting, child-bearing, underworld, love, craftsmen, creation • Built temples for sacrifices and worship • Pharaoh: Son of Re, the sun god

Osiris, Isis, Set, and Horus

Afterlife • Believed they could be resurrected • Built pyramids to bury great pharaohs • Book of the Dead is a collection of spells that helped the dead pass through the next life

Afterlife • Buried each person with items that would help them in the next world • Common items: food, bowls, combs, furniture, small statues to do work for them, boats

Mummification • Ka – Ka waits for a body to return to – Spirit created when each man is born – Mummify to preserve a sound body for the ka to return to – 70 day process – Improper embalming leads to second, true death