EFFECTS OF PRIMERS CONTAINING SULFUR AND PHOSPHATE MONOMERS

EFFECTS OF PRIMERS CONTAINING SULFUR AND PHOSPHATE MONOMERS ON BONDING TYPE IV GOLD ALLOY Yohsuke Taira , Kohji Kamada Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1 -7 -1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852 -8588, Japan Journal of Dentistry, Volume 36, Issue 8, August 2008 http: //www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=Article. URL&_udi=B 6 T 86 -4 SJR 2 KF 1&_user=3931974&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C 000054426&_version=1&_url. Version=0&_userid=3931 974&md 5=1402 fc 035 d 5855626 b 9 ea 53 faa 0 c 836 a

Au-Cu-Ag • Resin-bonded fixed partial denture • Suitable biocompatibility • Excellent corrosion resistance • Easy procedure

Au-Cu-Ag primer five primers two sulfur one phosphate two sulfur–phosphate dual-function primers

Au-Cu-Ag primer Luting agent Key factor to promoting adhesive bonding • Phosphate monomers • Carboxylic monomer • Silane-coupling agents • Sulfur monomers Base metal alloy Gold alloy

Sulfur monomers Phosphate monomers

five primers one phosphate Epricord two sulfur V-Primer Metaltite two sulfur–phosphate dual-function primers Alloy Primer Metaltite/Epricord

Shear bond test X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis

Shear bond test Methods 2. 5 mm. 10 mm. Au-Cu-Ag

Au-C u-Ag alumina Au-Cu-Ag

Au-Cu-Ag primer Luting agent Acrylic rod 1. No primer 2. Metaltite 3. Epricord 4. V-Primer 5. Alloy Primer 6. Metaltite/Epricord X 12 = 72 disk Au-Cu-Ag

Shear bond test thermocycled 5000 Room temp 60 min 37’ water 24 h. Test tensile strength 6 sets of 6 specimens thermocycling Au-Cu-Ag thermocycled 0 Test tensile strength 6 sets of 6 specimens Au-Cu-Ag

Results Au-Cu-Ag primer Luting agent Acrylic rod

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis Methods 2. 5 mm. 10 mm. Au-Cu-Ag

Au-C u-Ag alumina Au-Cu-Ag

10 k. V, 15 m. A. Magnesium 6 mmØ Au-Cu-Ag X-ray source : 10 k. V 15 m. A. Take off angle 45 Detection depth and energy resolution : 0. 5 -3 nm and 0. 9 e. V

Result 335. 2 367. 6 83. 6 334. 8 118 Ag 2 O 367. 8 e. V, Ag. O 367. 4 e. V, Cu 2 O 932. 4 e. V, Cu. O 933. 8 e. V Au 84 e. V, Au 2 O 3 85. 9 e. V 120 74

Discussion • success of the dental treatment with resin-bonded prostheses is related to the durability of adhesive bonding • the greatest bond strength after thermocycling was achieved with Alloy Primer or Metaltite/Epricord

Discussion • to evaluate the effect of functional monomers dissolved in primers, MMATBB resin that contains no functional monomer was used as a luting agent • The base metals are characterized oxide layer on the metal surface • Little oxide layer is created on pure noble metals without artificial surface treatment

Discussion Alloy Primer V-Primer Epricord VBATDT+MDP VBATDT MDP • combined use of VBATDT with MDP is advantageous to bonding durability compared to the use of only VBATDT or MDP • VBATDT is chemisorbed via sulfur atom on Au, Ag, and Cu. • MDP has an affinity to the oxide layer generated on a base metal alloy

Discussion Metaltite Met/Epr TMU-6/MDP MTU-6 Epricord MDP • Metaltite/Epricord group, combined use of MTU-6 with MDP promotes high bond strength • The chemical interaction between MTU-6 and the alumina-blasted Au–Cu–Ag alloy may be similar to that of VBATDT

Discussion • thermocycling test resulted in decreased bond strength, and the relationship between primer type and bond strength • Thermal stress , such as mechanical stress, hydrolysis of resin, water diffusion into the bonded interface, and corrosion of substrate materials, as well as can clinically affect bonding durability

Discussion Met/Epr Alloy Primer Metaltite V-Primer Epricord TMU-6/MDP VBATDT+MDP TMU-6 VBATDT MDP “ pay attention to the types of functional monomer when selecting an appropriate primer to bond Au–Cu–Ag alloy retainers ”

Conclusion • the primers (Metaltite/Epricord and Alloy Primer) containing a sulfur monomer with a phosphate monomer significantly improved the bond strength after 5000 thermocycles between a self-curing resin and Au–Cu–Ag alloy. • No significant difference was found between Metaltite/Epricord and Alloy Primer.

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