Sulfur Cycle Facts Sulfur Oxidation States Sulfide and
- Slides: 14
Sulfur Cycle Facts • Sulfur Oxidation States – – – Sulfide and organic sulfhydryl groups = Elemental sulfur = Thiosulfate (S 2 O 3 -2) = Sulfite (SO 3 -2) = Sulfate (SO 4 -2) = -2 0 +2 +4 +6 • Sources of sulfur to the global cycle? – Weathering & volcanism & sea-spray – Biological emission of Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) from oceans. – Fossil fuel combustion (photo-oxidation of SO 2). • Most sulfur is in seawater and sedimentary rocks. • Assimilatory sulfate reduction: – Incorporates sulfate into methionine and cystein (amino acids). – Only some anaerobes assimilate S-2 directly to organic matter.
Global Input and Outputs
Sulfur Cycling Sº Desu lfuro mon as
Hypereutrophic Lakes • Very high primary production at the surface and thermocline. • Organic particles sink to hypolimnion and sediments, which have become anaerobic by summer due to stratification. • Anaerobic decomposition will release sulfide by desulfurylation and sulfate reducing bacteria; the later is more dominant with increasing sulfate of Sº supply. • Diffusion of sulfide to illuminated water supports anoxygenic phototrophy and Sº. • Diffusion of sulfide to microaerobic zone supports SOB and Sº. Sº
Protocooperation
Lake Fryxell • Appearances are similar. • Although reverse stratification. • Sulfide source from the bottom and oxygen at the “surface”. • Why no sulfur phototrophs? - purple sulfur (Chromatium) - green sulfur (Chlorobium) • How does the S-cycle complete itself?
Sulfide Oxidizers Like IOBs, these SOBs favor microaerobic conditions and may be isolated by gradient tubes. What about SOAs (A=archaea)?
Symbiotic Sulfide Oxidizing Bacteria Infers protection of animal tissues from toxic sulfides. Animal feeds off of the organic matter produced by these chemolithoautotrophs. There’s a happy marine nematode woven inside this filamentous SOB!
Endosymbiotic SOB of marine invertebrates Solemya velum, the Atlantic Awningclam is a salt marsh clam without feeding gills. Riftia pachyptila Giant Tube Worms …
Microbial Mats (No not me!)
Coral Disease (e. g. BBD)
Black Band Disease’s mobile microbial mat community DEAD CORAL Phormidium corallyticum Spread rate ~1 cm/d LIVE CORAL Beggiatoa spp.
- Locos bird's beak
- Silver chloride ionic formula
- Dot and cross diagram
- Reaction between copper oxide and hydrogen
- Carbon oxidation number
- Oxidation number for vanadium
- Which elements have multiple oxidation states
- Elements oxidation states
- Redox reactions or not chemsheets answers
- Importance of sulfur cycle
- Magnesium cycle
- Humans alter the sulfur cycle by
- Hydrogems
- Chemical name of galena
- Lithium sulfide formula