Classification and Taxonomy Classification Is the process of

  • Slides: 27
Download presentation
Classification and Taxonomy

Classification and Taxonomy

Classification • Is the process of separating objects into groups • Biologists use dichotomous

Classification • Is the process of separating objects into groups • Biologists use dichotomous keys to separate organisms into groups using characteristics or traits • A dichotomous key uses contrasting statements to separate organisms into two groups

Dichotomous Key • Examples of contrasting statements would be • 1 a) Things which

Dichotomous Key • Examples of contrasting statements would be • 1 a) Things which are white • 1 b) Things which are not white

Example of a Dichotomous Key table, glass, dog, cat, tree, rose, tulip 1 a)

Example of a Dichotomous Key table, glass, dog, cat, tree, rose, tulip 1 a) Things which are living (go to 2) 1 b) Things which are not living (go to 6) 2 a) Things which are animals (go to 3) 2 b) Things which are not animals (go to 4) 3 a) Things which have retractable claws – cat 3 b) Things which do not have retratable claws - dog

• 4 a) Things which grow from a bulb – tulip • 4

• 4 a) Things which grow from a bulb – tulip • 4 b) Things which do not grow from a bulb (go to 5) • 5 a) Things which have thorns – rose • 5 b) Things which do not have thorns – tree • 6 a) Things with legs – table • 6 b) Things with no legs - glass

• It should be noted that a dichotomous key will always have one

• It should be noted that a dichotomous key will always have one less number than items on the list • For practice – design a dichotomous key for the following list • Elephant, cow, horse, apple, orange, chair, box, bucket, stapler

Reason to Classify 1. To see the world in an organized way. 2. To

Reason to Classify 1. To see the world in an organized way. 2. To provide a logical naming system 3. To communicate without confusion.

Carolus Linnaeus • Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist/botanist who made an extraordinary attempt to

Carolus Linnaeus • Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist/botanist who made an extraordinary attempt to classify all known organisms • Linnaeus published a “book” called Species Plantarum in which he listed all known plants • Linnaeus looked at the reproductive structures on plants

• Linnaeus developed a system to name organism • In the past there

• Linnaeus developed a system to name organism • In the past there were many problems with the various naming systems • For example one name for a common pink carnation was • dianthus floribus solitarilis squamis calycinis subovatis brevissimis corollis crenatis

• Linnaeus developed a much more simple system • His system was based

• Linnaeus developed a much more simple system • His system was based on two words • The two-name system of designating organisms is known as the binomial system

Advantages of Developing a Scientific Naming System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Only

Advantages of Developing a Scientific Naming System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Only one name for every species. One species – one name Recognized world wide. Utilizes Latin alphabet (never changes) Organized according to ancestral relationships. Major divisions in names are based on zoology, physiology, morphology and anatomy.

Binomial Nomenclature As indicated Linnaeus first invented this two name classification system: (rules) 1.

Binomial Nomenclature As indicated Linnaeus first invented this two name classification system: (rules) 1. First name is the Genus and is capitalized. 2. Second name is Species and is lower case. 3. The third part of the name is the last name of the individual discovering/naming it 4. Entire name must be underlined or in italics. Homo sapiens. / Homo sapiens Please note that any names with the prefix L. means that Linnaeus named it.

Classification System

Classification System

7 Levels of Classification • There are seven levels of classification from general to

7 Levels of Classification • There are seven levels of classification from general to specific 1. Kingdom 2. Phylum 3. Class 4. Order 5. Family 6. Genus 7. Species

Kingdom • There are five kingdoms of living things • A kingdom is made

Kingdom • There are five kingdoms of living things • A kingdom is made up for several phylum Phylum • A Phylum is made up of several classes which are related or similar Class • A class is made up of several orders which are related or similar

Order • An order is made up of several families which are related or

Order • An order is made up of several families which are related or similar Family • A family is made up of several genera (plural for genus) which are related or similar Genus • Is made up of several species which are related or similar

SPECIES A group of similar organisms which interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile

SPECIES A group of similar organisms which interbreed under natural conditions to produce fertile offspring

Classification Table Level of classification Name of Level Organism A Organism B Organism C

Classification Table Level of classification Name of Level Organism A Organism B Organism C 1 Kingdom Animalia 2 Phylum Chordata 3 Class Mammalia Reptilla 4 Order Carnivore Primates Crocodilla 5 Family Felidae Hominidae Crocodilla 6 Genus Felis Homo Crocodylos 7 Species domesticus sapiens niloticus CAT HUMAN Crocodile

5 Kingdom Poster Assignment Goal: to name the 5 kingdoms and state examples and

5 Kingdom Poster Assignment Goal: to name the 5 kingdoms and state examples and characteristics of each kingdom. Using Figure 15 -10 (p 325) as a guide, identify characteristics for each kingdom and list them along with examples on a poster (11 x 17). Find and define the following on a separate sheet of paper: prokaryotes, eukaryotes, multicellular, unicellular, heterotrophs, cell wall, photosynthetic, autotrophic, producers, cell membrane, consumers, decomposers. Attach the definitions and use the terms in the appropriate place on the poster.

Classification and Taxonomy Modern Classification Taxonomy n TaxonomyClassification and Taxonomy Modern Classification Taxonomy n Taxonomy
Classification Taxonomy Classification and Taxonomy Classification process ofClassification Taxonomy Classification and Taxonomy Classification process of
Taxonomy Classification of Living Organisms Taxonomy Taxonomy TheTaxonomy Classification of Living Organisms Taxonomy Taxonomy The
Taxonomy Taxonomy An Introduction Taxonomy is the classificationTaxonomy Taxonomy An Introduction Taxonomy is the classification
Taxonomy Taxonomy The science of classification Classification isTaxonomy Taxonomy The science of classification Classification is
Taxonomy What is taxonomy Taxonomy is the branchTaxonomy What is taxonomy Taxonomy is the branch
TAXONOMY Taxonomy Taxonomy The discipline of classifying organismsTAXONOMY Taxonomy Taxonomy The discipline of classifying organisms
Taxonomy Classifying organism Taxonomy Taxonomy is a fieldTaxonomy Classifying organism Taxonomy Taxonomy is a field
Taxonomy Biology 8A Taxonomy Learning Objectives Define taxonomyTaxonomy Biology 8A Taxonomy Learning Objectives Define taxonomy
Biology Introduction to Classification and Taxonomy Classification ClassificationBiology Introduction to Classification and Taxonomy Classification Classification
Taxonomy Classification Taxonomy science of identifying and classifyingTaxonomy Classification Taxonomy science of identifying and classifying
Chapter 17 Microbial Taxonomy Microbial Classification and TaxonomyChapter 17 Microbial Taxonomy Microbial Classification and Taxonomy
Soil Taxonomy and Classification Soil Taxonomy Hierarchy OrderSoil Taxonomy and Classification Soil Taxonomy Hierarchy Order
Taxonomy and Classification Review Game Part 1 TaxonomyTaxonomy and Classification Review Game Part 1 Taxonomy
Taxonomy and Classification of Microbes Taxonomy Science ofTaxonomy and Classification of Microbes Taxonomy Science of
Classification and Taxonomy Classifying Organisms Taxonomy the scienceClassification and Taxonomy Classifying Organisms Taxonomy the science
Classification and Taxonomy Taxonomy The science of namingClassification and Taxonomy Taxonomy The science of naming
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS TAXONOMY TAXONOMY DESCRIBING CLASSIFYING ANDCLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS TAXONOMY TAXONOMY DESCRIBING CLASSIFYING AND
Classification Taxonomy and Evolution Taxonomy a branch ofClassification Taxonomy and Evolution Taxonomy a branch of
Taxonomy and Classification Taxonomy What is it BranchTaxonomy and Classification Taxonomy What is it Branch
Classification CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY Classification grouping based on similaritiesClassification CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY Classification grouping based on similarities
Classification Headings Vocabulary Important Words CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY ClassificationClassification Headings Vocabulary Important Words CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY Classification
Classification Headings Vocabulary Important Words CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY ClassificationClassification Headings Vocabulary Important Words CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY Classification
Classification Biological Classification Taxonomy Scientific classification of anClassification Biological Classification Taxonomy Scientific classification of an