Classification CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY Classification grouping based on similarities
![Classification Classification](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-1.jpg)
Classification
![CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY Classification: • grouping based on similarities Taxonomy: • Branch of Biology CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY Classification: • grouping based on similarities Taxonomy: • Branch of Biology](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-2.jpg)
CLASSIFICATION & TAXONOMY Classification: • grouping based on similarities Taxonomy: • Branch of Biology • The science of classifying/grouping and naming of organisms
![Aristotle’s Classification Scheme • • • Greek philosopher who developed first classification system Divided Aristotle’s Classification Scheme • • • Greek philosopher who developed first classification system Divided](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-3.jpg)
Aristotle’s Classification Scheme • • • Greek philosopher who developed first classification system Divided all organisms into 2 GROUPS: 1. 2. Plants grouped by: • • Non motile (plants) Motile (animals) size (small, medium, large) Animals grouped by: • where they lived (air, water, land)
![Binomial Nomenclature • A system for naming organisms by structure created by Linnaeus: • Binomial Nomenclature • A system for naming organisms by structure created by Linnaeus: •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-4.jpg)
Binomial Nomenclature • A system for naming organisms by structure created by Linnaeus: • Although Linneaus didn’t realize it, by classifying organisms by structure he was also classifying them by evolutionary relationship • Written in Latin • Includes the organisms : • Genus: CAPITALIZED (noun) • means beginning • Species: lowercase (adj. ) Example: Homo (man) sapien (wise/thinking)
![Scientific & Common Names Scientific Name: • genus and species name • Iguana iguana Scientific & Common Names Scientific Name: • genus and species name • Iguana iguana](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-5.jpg)
Scientific & Common Names Scientific Name: • genus and species name • Iguana iguana • Felis domesticus Common name: • Organism is commonly called • Not used in the scientific community • Green Iguana • Domestic Cat
![The “New” Evolutionary Classification • Categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent • Not The “New” Evolutionary Classification • Categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent • Not](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-6.jpg)
The “New” Evolutionary Classification • Categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent • Not just physical similarities • This new method is called: Evolutionary Classification • Scientists classify organisms based on their Evolutionary Beginnings
![Cladograms • A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships • Cladograms are useful tools • Cladograms • A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships • Cladograms are useful tools •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-7.jpg)
Cladograms • A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships • Cladograms are useful tools • Help scientists understand how one lineage branched from another in the course of evolution
![Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram Evolutionary Decent: Class Physical Similarities Appendages Crab Conical Shells Barnacle Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram Evolutionary Decent: Class Physical Similarities Appendages Crab Conical Shells Barnacle](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-8.jpg)
Traditional Classification vs. Cladogram Evolutionary Decent: Class Physical Similarities Appendages Crab Conical Shells Barnacle Crustaceans Gastropoda Limpet Molten exoskeleton Segmentation TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION Free-swimming larvae CLADOGRAM
![Kingdoms • Broadest of all taxa • Grouped into 3 domains: 1. Bacteria – Kingdoms • Broadest of all taxa • Grouped into 3 domains: 1. Bacteria –](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-9.jpg)
Kingdoms • Broadest of all taxa • Grouped into 3 domains: 1. Bacteria – • Eubacteria 2. Archae- • Archeabacteria 3. Eukarya: • Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
![Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms 1. Kingdom Eubacteria: a. all microscopic prokaryotes b. almost Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms 1. Kingdom Eubacteria: a. all microscopic prokaryotes b. almost](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-10.jpg)
Characteristics of the 6 Kingdoms 1. Kingdom Eubacteria: a. all microscopic prokaryotes b. almost all are unicellular c. non-motile d. commonly called bacteria 2. Kingdom Archaebacteria: a. prokaryotes b. live in extreme environment
![3. Kingdom Protista: a. eukaryotes b. uni and multicellular c. live in moist environments 3. Kingdom Protista: a. eukaryotes b. uni and multicellular c. live in moist environments](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-11.jpg)
3. Kingdom Protista: a. eukaryotes b. uni and multicellular c. live in moist environments d. most are simple, microscopic & mobile *Examples: paramecium, amoeba, euglena & algae
![4. Kingdom Fungi: a. Eukaryotes b. Uni and Multicellular c. Consumers that do not 4. Kingdom Fungi: a. Eukaryotes b. Uni and Multicellular c. Consumers that do not](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-12.jpg)
4. Kingdom Fungi: a. Eukaryotes b. Uni and Multicellular c. Consumers that do not move d. Decompose dead organisms &/or waste products *Examples: mushrooms, molds, & mildew
![5. Kingdom Plantae: a. stationary, multicelluar eukaryotes b. Photosynthetic c. Autotrophs *(make own food) 5. Kingdom Plantae: a. stationary, multicelluar eukaryotes b. Photosynthetic c. Autotrophs *(make own food)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-13.jpg)
5. Kingdom Plantae: a. stationary, multicelluar eukaryotes b. Photosynthetic c. Autotrophs *(make own food) *Examples: plants
![6. Kingdom Animalia: a. Multicellular b. Consumers that eat & digest other organisms (heterotrophs) 6. Kingdom Animalia: a. Multicellular b. Consumers that eat & digest other organisms (heterotrophs)](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-14.jpg)
6. Kingdom Animalia: a. Multicellular b. Consumers that eat & digest other organisms (heterotrophs) c. May be herbivores, carnivores & omnivores *Examples: Animals
![Complete Classification of Humans 1. 2. 3. 4. Kingdom: (Animalia) Phylum: (Chordata) • • Complete Classification of Humans 1. 2. 3. 4. Kingdom: (Animalia) Phylum: (Chordata) • •](http://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/2ee1da9ca93d9b03fa0fd1b081ef150a/image-15.jpg)
Complete Classification of Humans 1. 2. 3. 4. Kingdom: (Animalia) Phylum: (Chordata) • • Dorsal nerve cord-cartilage Vertebrae Subphylum: (Vertebrata) Class: (Mammalia) 5. Order: (Primates) 6. Family: (Hominid) 7. Genus: (Homo) 8. Species: (sapien) ***We do not include “sub” categories as taxons in the classification system. Linneaus only has 7 taxons (Kingdom down to Species) Current classification system has 8 taxons (Domain down to Species)
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