Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
![Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-1.jpg)
![l Prokaryotes can be grouped based on morphology l l Genetically determined l Monomorphic l Prokaryotes can be grouped based on morphology l l Genetically determined l Monomorphic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-2.jpg)
![Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells l Prokaryotes exhibit a variety of shapes l Most common Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells l Prokaryotes exhibit a variety of shapes l Most common](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-3.jpg)
![l Spiral l Spiral](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-4.jpg)
![l Uncommon Shapes Stella Haloarcula l Uncommon Shapes Stella Haloarcula](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-5.jpg)
![l Cells may form groupings l Cells adhere together after division l Form characteristic l Cells may form groupings l Cells adhere together after division l Form characteristic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-6.jpg)
![Neisseria Enterococcus Micrococcus Sarcina Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria Enterococcus Micrococcus Sarcina Staphylococcus aureus](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-7.jpg)
![Bacillus anthracis Bacillus megaterium Bordetella pertussis Bacillus anthracis Bacillus megaterium Bordetella pertussis](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-8.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-9.jpg)
![Layers External to Cell Wall l Glycocalyx l Made inside the cell; excreted to Layers External to Cell Wall l Glycocalyx l Made inside the cell; excreted to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-10.jpg)
![l Capsule or Slime Layer l Chemical composition varies depending on species l Capsule or Slime Layer l Chemical composition varies depending on species](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-11.jpg)
![Flagella l l Naked filaments composed of flagellin Rotate clockwise/counterclockwise l Runs and tumbles Flagella l l Naked filaments composed of flagellin Rotate clockwise/counterclockwise l Runs and tumbles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-12.jpg)
![l Flagella structure has three basic parts l Filament l Hook l Basal body l Flagella structure has three basic parts l Filament l Hook l Basal body](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-13.jpg)
![Polar - Monotrichous Polar -Lophotrichous Peritrichous Polar -amphitrichous Polar - Monotrichous Polar -Lophotrichous Peritrichous Polar -amphitrichous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-14.jpg)
![Axial filaments l Bundles of endoflagella that spiral around cell l Spirochete bacteria only Axial filaments l Bundles of endoflagella that spiral around cell l Spirochete bacteria only](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-15.jpg)
![Attachment Proteins l Fimbriae - bacteria l l l Hami – archaea l l Attachment Proteins l Fimbriae - bacteria l l l Hami – archaea l l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-16.jpg)
![• • Cannulae – thermophilic archaea Spinae - marine bacteria • • Connect • • Cannulae – thermophilic archaea Spinae - marine bacteria • • Connect](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-17.jpg)
![Prokaryotic Cell Wall Determines shape of cell l Protects from osmotic pressure l Anchor Prokaryotic Cell Wall Determines shape of cell l Protects from osmotic pressure l Anchor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-18.jpg)
![l Unique chemical structure l Bacteria vs. Archaea l Gram positive vs. Gram-negative l l Unique chemical structure l Bacteria vs. Archaea l Gram positive vs. Gram-negative l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-19.jpg)
![l Basic structure of PTG l Disaccharide polymer N-acetylglucosamin (NAG) l N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) l Basic structure of PTG l Disaccharide polymer N-acetylglucosamin (NAG) l N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-20.jpg)
![l Gram positive cell wall l Thick layer of PTG l Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic l Gram positive cell wall l Thick layer of PTG l Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-21.jpg)
![l Gram-negative cell wall l Little or no PTG l Outer lipopolysaccharide membrane (LPS) l Gram-negative cell wall l Little or no PTG l Outer lipopolysaccharide membrane (LPS)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-22.jpg)
![GRAM STAINING l Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can be identified using a “gram stain” GRAM STAINING l Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can be identified using a “gram stain”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-23.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-24.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-25.jpg)
![Summary of Gram + vs. Gram – l G+ cell l l many rigid Summary of Gram + vs. Gram – l G+ cell l l many rigid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-26.jpg)
![Atypical cell wall l Acid-fast cell walls l l Classified as gram-positive mycolic acid Atypical cell wall l Acid-fast cell walls l l Classified as gram-positive mycolic acid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-27.jpg)
![l Chlamydia l l Classified as Gram – with no PTG cysteine-rich proteins l Chlamydia l l Classified as Gram – with no PTG cysteine-rich proteins](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-28.jpg)
![l No cell wall l Mycoplasmas l Sterols in plasma membrane l No cell wall l Mycoplasmas l Sterols in plasma membrane](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-29.jpg)
![Structures Internal to Cell Wall l Cytoplasmic membrane l Delicate thin fluid structure l Structures Internal to Cell Wall l Cytoplasmic membrane l Delicate thin fluid structure l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-30.jpg)
![l Fluid mosaic model l Phospholipid Bilayer l Amphipathic l Fluid mosaic model l Phospholipid Bilayer l Amphipathic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-31.jpg)
![l Embedded with numerous proteins l l receptors , transport, enzymes Prokaryotes typicallydon’t have l Embedded with numerous proteins l l receptors , transport, enzymes Prokaryotes typicallydon’t have](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-32.jpg)
![l Photosynthetic pigments on in-foldings l chromatophores or thylakoids l Photosynthetic pigments on in-foldings l chromatophores or thylakoids](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-33.jpg)
![l Archaea have distinct membrane lipids l Ether linkage l Diether l Glycerol or l Archaea have distinct membrane lipids l Ether linkage l Diether l Glycerol or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-34.jpg)
![Top: archaeal phospholipid, 1 isoprene sidechain, 2 ether linkage, 3 L-glycerol, 4 phosphate group Top: archaeal phospholipid, 1 isoprene sidechain, 2 ether linkage, 3 L-glycerol, 4 phosphate group](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-35.jpg)
![l Membrane is selectively permeable l Few molecules pass through freely l Movement involves l Membrane is selectively permeable l Few molecules pass through freely l Movement involves](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-36.jpg)
![l passive processes l no energy (ATP) required l Along gradient l simple diffusion, l passive processes l no energy (ATP) required l Along gradient l simple diffusion,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-37.jpg)
![l Simple diffusion l Facilitated diffusion l Simple diffusion l Facilitated diffusion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-38.jpg)
![l l Osmosis Osmotic pressure l l Osmosis Osmotic pressure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-39.jpg)
![l active processes l energy (ATP) required l Active transport l active processes l energy (ATP) required l Active transport](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-40.jpg)
![l Group translocation l Phosphotransferase system l PEP group translocation PEP transferase animation l Group translocation l Phosphotransferase system l PEP group translocation PEP transferase animation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-41.jpg)
![Internal Structures essential for life l l l Chromosome Ribosome Optional but may provide Internal Structures essential for life l l l Chromosome Ribosome Optional but may provide](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-42.jpg)
![Internal Structures l Primary Chromosome l l l Resides in nucleoid Typically single circular Internal Structures l Primary Chromosome l l l Resides in nucleoid Typically single circular](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-43.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-44.jpg)
![l Plasmids l Small DNA molecules l replicated independently l nonessential information l used l Plasmids l Small DNA molecules l replicated independently l nonessential information l used](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-45.jpg)
![l Ribosomes (70 S) l l Composed of large and small subunits l made l Ribosomes (70 S) l l Composed of large and small subunits l made](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-46.jpg)
![• Inclusions l l l l Metachromatic granules Polysaccharide granules lipid inclusions sulfur • Inclusions l l l l Metachromatic granules Polysaccharide granules lipid inclusions sulfur](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-47.jpg)
![l Endospores l “Resting cells” l Highly resistant l Heat, desiccation, chemicals and UV l Endospores l “Resting cells” l Highly resistant l Heat, desiccation, chemicals and UV](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-48.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-49.jpg)
- Slides: 49
![Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-1.jpg)
Chapter 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
![l Prokaryotes can be grouped based on morphology l l Genetically determined l Monomorphic l Prokaryotes can be grouped based on morphology l l Genetically determined l Monomorphic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-2.jpg)
l Prokaryotes can be grouped based on morphology l l Genetically determined l Monomorphic vs pleomorphic Size Range l 0. 2 to 80 um in diameter l 2 to 600 um in length l Average size: 0. 2 -1. 0 µm × 2 - 8 µm
![Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells l Prokaryotes exhibit a variety of shapes l Most common Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells l Prokaryotes exhibit a variety of shapes l Most common](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-3.jpg)
Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells l Prokaryotes exhibit a variety of shapes l Most common
![l Spiral l Spiral](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-4.jpg)
l Spiral
![l Uncommon Shapes Stella Haloarcula l Uncommon Shapes Stella Haloarcula](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-5.jpg)
l Uncommon Shapes Stella Haloarcula
![l Cells may form groupings l Cells adhere together after division l Form characteristic l Cells may form groupings l Cells adhere together after division l Form characteristic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-6.jpg)
l Cells may form groupings l Cells adhere together after division l Form characteristic arrangements l Depends on plan of division
![Neisseria Enterococcus Micrococcus Sarcina Staphylococcus aureus Neisseria Enterococcus Micrococcus Sarcina Staphylococcus aureus](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-7.jpg)
Neisseria Enterococcus Micrococcus Sarcina Staphylococcus aureus
![Bacillus anthracis Bacillus megaterium Bordetella pertussis Bacillus anthracis Bacillus megaterium Bordetella pertussis](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-8.jpg)
Bacillus anthracis Bacillus megaterium Bordetella pertussis
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-9.jpg)
![Layers External to Cell Wall l Glycocalyx l Made inside the cell excreted to Layers External to Cell Wall l Glycocalyx l Made inside the cell; excreted to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-10.jpg)
Layers External to Cell Wall l Glycocalyx l Made inside the cell; excreted to surface l General functions l Protection l Attachment l Motility
![l Capsule or Slime Layer l Chemical composition varies depending on species l Capsule or Slime Layer l Chemical composition varies depending on species](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-11.jpg)
l Capsule or Slime Layer l Chemical composition varies depending on species
![Flagella l l Naked filaments composed of flagellin Rotate clockwisecounterclockwise l Runs and tumbles Flagella l l Naked filaments composed of flagellin Rotate clockwise/counterclockwise l Runs and tumbles](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-12.jpg)
Flagella l l Naked filaments composed of flagellin Rotate clockwise/counterclockwise l Runs and tumbles l Taxis
![l Flagella structure has three basic parts l Filament l Hook l Basal body l Flagella structure has three basic parts l Filament l Hook l Basal body](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-13.jpg)
l Flagella structure has three basic parts l Filament l Hook l Basal body
![Polar Monotrichous Polar Lophotrichous Peritrichous Polar amphitrichous Polar - Monotrichous Polar -Lophotrichous Peritrichous Polar -amphitrichous](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-14.jpg)
Polar - Monotrichous Polar -Lophotrichous Peritrichous Polar -amphitrichous
![Axial filaments l Bundles of endoflagella that spiral around cell l Spirochete bacteria only Axial filaments l Bundles of endoflagella that spiral around cell l Spirochete bacteria only](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-15.jpg)
Axial filaments l Bundles of endoflagella that spiral around cell l Spirochete bacteria only l Corkscrew motion
![Attachment Proteins l Fimbriae bacteria l l l Hami archaea l l Attachment Proteins l Fimbriae - bacteria l l l Hami – archaea l l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-16.jpg)
Attachment Proteins l Fimbriae - bacteria l l l Hami – archaea l l l Filaments of pilin protein Attachment Hooked protein filament Attachment Sex Pili l l Pilin tubules Exchange of DNA
![Cannulae thermophilic archaea Spinae marine bacteria Connect • • Cannulae – thermophilic archaea Spinae - marine bacteria • • Connect](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-17.jpg)
• • Cannulae – thermophilic archaea Spinae - marine bacteria • • Connect cells over distances Creates mesh-like network
![Prokaryotic Cell Wall Determines shape of cell l Protects from osmotic pressure l Anchor Prokaryotic Cell Wall Determines shape of cell l Protects from osmotic pressure l Anchor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-18.jpg)
Prokaryotic Cell Wall Determines shape of cell l Protects from osmotic pressure l Anchor point for flagella l Contributes to virulence l
![l Unique chemical structure l Bacteria vs Archaea l Gram positive vs Gramnegative l l Unique chemical structure l Bacteria vs. Archaea l Gram positive vs. Gram-negative l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-19.jpg)
l Unique chemical structure l Bacteria vs. Archaea l Gram positive vs. Gram-negative l Peptidoglycan (PTG) (murein) l Sugar found only in bacteria l Archaea may have proteins or alternate sugars
![l Basic structure of PTG l Disaccharide polymer Nacetylglucosamin NAG l Nacetylmuramic acid NAM l Basic structure of PTG l Disaccharide polymer N-acetylglucosamin (NAG) l N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-20.jpg)
l Basic structure of PTG l Disaccharide polymer N-acetylglucosamin (NAG) l N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) l l Glycan chain held together by amino acids l l Tetrapeptide chain Protein crossbridges may or may not be present l Mostly G+
![l Gram positive cell wall l Thick layer of PTG l Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic l Gram positive cell wall l Thick layer of PTG l Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-21.jpg)
l Gram positive cell wall l Thick layer of PTG l Teichoic acids Lipoteichoic or Wall teichoic acids l Polyalcohols that provide antigenic specificity l l May have external protein or sugar layer
![l Gramnegative cell wall l Little or no PTG l Outer lipopolysaccharide membrane LPS l Gram-negative cell wall l Little or no PTG l Outer lipopolysaccharide membrane (LPS)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-22.jpg)
l Gram-negative cell wall l Little or no PTG l Outer lipopolysaccharide membrane (LPS) O-specific polysaccharide side chain l Lipid A endotoxin l l Significant periplasmic space
![GRAM STAINING l Grampositive and gramnegative bacteria can be identified using a gram stain GRAM STAINING l Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can be identified using a “gram stain”](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-23.jpg)
GRAM STAINING l Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria can be identified using a “gram stain”
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-24.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-25.jpg)
![Summary of Gram vs Gram l G cell l l many rigid Summary of Gram + vs. Gram – l G+ cell l l many rigid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-26.jpg)
Summary of Gram + vs. Gram – l G+ cell l l many rigid layers of peptidoglycan teichoic acids No outer LPS membrane 2 ring basal body anchoring flagella G- cell l l Little or no peptidoglycan no teichoic acids LPS outer membrane 4 ring basal body anchoring flagella
![Atypical cell wall l Acidfast cell walls l l Classified as grampositive mycolic acid Atypical cell wall l Acid-fast cell walls l l Classified as gram-positive mycolic acid](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-27.jpg)
Atypical cell wall l Acid-fast cell walls l l Classified as gram-positive mycolic acid bound to PTG Mycobacterium Nocardia
![l Chlamydia l l Classified as Gram with no PTG cysteinerich proteins l Chlamydia l l Classified as Gram – with no PTG cysteine-rich proteins](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-28.jpg)
l Chlamydia l l Classified as Gram – with no PTG cysteine-rich proteins
![l No cell wall l Mycoplasmas l Sterols in plasma membrane l No cell wall l Mycoplasmas l Sterols in plasma membrane](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-29.jpg)
l No cell wall l Mycoplasmas l Sterols in plasma membrane
![Structures Internal to Cell Wall l Cytoplasmic membrane l Delicate thin fluid structure l Structures Internal to Cell Wall l Cytoplasmic membrane l Delicate thin fluid structure l](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-30.jpg)
Structures Internal to Cell Wall l Cytoplasmic membrane l Delicate thin fluid structure l Defines boundary l Serves as a semi permeable barrier
![l Fluid mosaic model l Phospholipid Bilayer l Amphipathic l Fluid mosaic model l Phospholipid Bilayer l Amphipathic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-31.jpg)
l Fluid mosaic model l Phospholipid Bilayer l Amphipathic
![l Embedded with numerous proteins l l receptors transport enzymes Prokaryotes typicallydont have l Embedded with numerous proteins l l receptors , transport, enzymes Prokaryotes typicallydon’t have](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-32.jpg)
l Embedded with numerous proteins l l receptors , transport, enzymes Prokaryotes typicallydon’t have membrane sterols l Bacteria may have hopanoids
![l Photosynthetic pigments on infoldings l chromatophores or thylakoids l Photosynthetic pigments on in-foldings l chromatophores or thylakoids](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-33.jpg)
l Photosynthetic pigments on in-foldings l chromatophores or thylakoids
![l Archaea have distinct membrane lipids l Ether linkage l Diether l Glycerol or l Archaea have distinct membrane lipids l Ether linkage l Diether l Glycerol or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-34.jpg)
l Archaea have distinct membrane lipids l Ether linkage l Diether l Glycerol or tetraether group enantiomer l Branched isoprenoid sidechain l May form mono-layer with greater rigidity
![Top archaeal phospholipid 1 isoprene sidechain 2 ether linkage 3 Lglycerol 4 phosphate group Top: archaeal phospholipid, 1 isoprene sidechain, 2 ether linkage, 3 L-glycerol, 4 phosphate group](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-35.jpg)
Top: archaeal phospholipid, 1 isoprene sidechain, 2 ether linkage, 3 L-glycerol, 4 phosphate group Middle: bacterial and eukaryotic phospholipid: 5 fatty acid, 6 ester linkage, 7 D-glycerol, 8 phosphate group Bottom: 9 lipid bilayer of bacteria and eukaryotes, 10 lipid monolayer of some archaea.
![l Membrane is selectively permeable l Few molecules pass through freely l Movement involves l Membrane is selectively permeable l Few molecules pass through freely l Movement involves](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-36.jpg)
l Membrane is selectively permeable l Few molecules pass through freely l Movement involves both active and passive processes
![l passive processes l no energy ATP required l Along gradient l simple diffusion l passive processes l no energy (ATP) required l Along gradient l simple diffusion,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-37.jpg)
l passive processes l no energy (ATP) required l Along gradient l simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
![l Simple diffusion l Facilitated diffusion l Simple diffusion l Facilitated diffusion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-38.jpg)
l Simple diffusion l Facilitated diffusion
![l l Osmosis Osmotic pressure l l Osmosis Osmotic pressure](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-39.jpg)
l l Osmosis Osmotic pressure
![l active processes l energy ATP required l Active transport l active processes l energy (ATP) required l Active transport](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-40.jpg)
l active processes l energy (ATP) required l Active transport
![l Group translocation l Phosphotransferase system l PEP group translocation PEP transferase animation l Group translocation l Phosphotransferase system l PEP group translocation PEP transferase animation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-41.jpg)
l Group translocation l Phosphotransferase system l PEP group translocation PEP transferase animation
![Internal Structures essential for life l l l Chromosome Ribosome Optional but may provide Internal Structures essential for life l l l Chromosome Ribosome Optional but may provide](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-42.jpg)
Internal Structures essential for life l l l Chromosome Ribosome Optional but may provide selective advantage l l Cytoskeleton Plasmid Storage granules Endospores
![Internal Structures l Primary Chromosome l l l Resides in nucleoid Typically single circular Internal Structures l Primary Chromosome l l l Resides in nucleoid Typically single circular](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-43.jpg)
Internal Structures l Primary Chromosome l l l Resides in nucleoid Typically single circular chromosome Archaea - histone proteins Bacteria - condensin protiens Asexual reproduction l Binary fission, budding, fragmenting, spores
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-44.jpg)
![l Plasmids l Small DNA molecules l replicated independently l nonessential information l used l Plasmids l Small DNA molecules l replicated independently l nonessential information l used](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-45.jpg)
l Plasmids l Small DNA molecules l replicated independently l nonessential information l used in genetic engineering biotechnology
![l Ribosomes 70 S l l Composed of large and small subunits l made l Ribosomes (70 S) l l Composed of large and small subunits l made](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-46.jpg)
l Ribosomes (70 S) l l Composed of large and small subunits l made of riboprotein and ribosomal RNA differ in density from eukaryotic ribosomes
![Inclusions l l l l Metachromatic granules Polysaccharide granules lipid inclusions sulfur • Inclusions l l l l Metachromatic granules Polysaccharide granules lipid inclusions sulfur](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-47.jpg)
• Inclusions l l l l Metachromatic granules Polysaccharide granules lipid inclusions sulfur granules carboxyzomes magnetosomes Gas vesicles
![l Endospores l Resting cells l Highly resistant l Heat desiccation chemicals and UV l Endospores l “Resting cells” l Highly resistant l Heat, desiccation, chemicals and UV](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-48.jpg)
l Endospores l “Resting cells” l Highly resistant l Heat, desiccation, chemicals and UV light l Not reproduction! Endospore producers include Clostridium and Bacillus
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/b95faf8fa2bddfcfaa750f5fa3d0a4e6/image-49.jpg)
Functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic transcription
Linear chromosomes in eukaryotes
What cell type
3 parts of cell theory
Is protist a prokaryote or eukaryote
Cytoskeleton prokaryotic or eukaryotic
The oldest prokaryote is
Similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Life
Comparison of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes chart
Prokaryotic cells vs. eukaryotic cells
Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
How water moves
Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Is a venus fly trap prokaryotic or eukaryotic
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Monera procariota
Modern classification of living organisms
Is bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Paramecium prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Archaebacteria multicellular or unicellular
Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic
Manitole
Protien pump
Plantae prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Are cell walls prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Plants are multicellular eukaryotes
All protists are ________.
Staphylococcus prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Cytoskeleton prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Food vacuole eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Staphylococcus prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Is amphiuma liver prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells
Is an amoeba a prokaryote
Is green algae prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Balanditium
Prokaryotic cells vs eukaryotic cells
Domain monera
Prokaryotic chromosome vs eukaryotic chromosome structure
Green algae supergroup
Are earthworms eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Endosymbiosis
Prokaryotic cell
Eukaryotic plant
Spirochetes
Monera eukaryotic or prokaryotic
What is this