Bellwork What is one similarity between prokaryotic and

Bellwork What is one similarity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? 1

The Organelles! 2

Cell Membrane Description: Has 2 layers of MOLECULES and is known as a phospholipid bilayer. Proteins are stuck inside the membrane. Each phospholipid has a HYDROPHOBIC (water fearing) and HYDROPHILIC (water loving) end. 3

CELL MEMBRANE Functions: vholds the cell together, keeps all of the pieces (the organelles) inside the cell vcontrols what goes in and out of the cell v. Found in animal and plant cells 4

5

CYTOSKELETON Functions include: movement of material through the cell maintaining the shape of the cell keeping the cell from getting smashed Found in animal cells only 6

Cell Wall Function: Barrier that provides support and protects plant cells Found in plants 7

Nucleus v. Description: large, round organelle in the center of the cell. Chromosomes are found inside. v. Functions: v“brain” of the cell, controls all of the cellular activities v. DNA inside-carries genetic info. for maintenance, function, and replication v. Found in animal and plant cells 8

Nucleus CHROMOSOMES- are found inside the nucleus carry the information that determines what traits a living thing will have 9

10

Centrioles: • Function: they help to form the fibers that move chromosomes around when the cell is dividing • generally appear in animal cells 11

NUCLEOLUS v. Description: dark area in the nucleus v. Function: Contains RNA for protein manufacturing v. Found in plant and animal cells 12

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Description: Tubular with ribosomes on it (looks spotted) Function: to make membranes and proteins Found in animal and plant cells 13

Smooth ER v Function-collect, maintain & transport things. Creates steroids (lipids), and stores ions for the cell to keep nutrients balanced v Description: Shaped slightly tubular Found in animal and plant cells 14

15

Ribosomes • Description: small dot-like structures in cells. Made up of proteins and RNA. Two types: floating and attached. • Function: site of protein synthesis in cells (makes proteins). Made in the nucleus. Floating make proteins for the cytoplasm, attached make proteins used in rough ER. Found in animal and plant cells 16

GOLGI APPARATUS • Description: It’s made up of a stack of flattened out sacs 1) Functions: It takes simple molecules and combines them to make larger molecules. It modifies, sorts and packages molecules Found in animal and plant cells

Golgi apparatus 18

Mitochondria Description: OUTER MEMBRANE: covers mitochondria INNER MEMBRANE: folds many times to increase the surface area-more space it has, the more energy it creates. 19

Description: MATRIX: a fluid that has water and proteins mixed together 20

Mitochondria v Functions: The Power-House of the cell (makes ATP). They break down food molecules so the cell has the energy v. Found in both animal and plant cells 21

LYSOSOMES (primarily animal) Functions: The enzymes in the lysosome bond to food & digest it. It breaks down organelles that don’t work or are damaged, and can destroy the cell if it breaks open. Smaller molecules are released; get absorbed by the mitochondria 22

LYSOSOMES 23

VACUOLE: STORAGE IN PLANT CELLS Functions: Vacuoles in plants support structure, stores waste, water and food. Storing waste products protects the cell from contamination When there is no water, the vacuole shrinks. Found in animal and plant cells-more important to plant than animal cells 24

Chloroplast 25

Chloroplast Description: disk-like structures, and are composed of a single membrane Found only in plant cells 26

Chloroplast • Function: photosynthesis takes place inside the chloroplast: the process in it captures sunlight, water, carbon dioxide to make sugar (food) 27

MOVEMENT of VESICLES **The vesicle can move to the Golgi apparatus or the cell membrane 1) If the vesicle floats to the cell membrane, the proteins are going to be sent out of the cell……or (exocytosis) 2) If they move to the Golgi Apparatus, the proteins will be used inside the cell 28

Flagella Has a tail-like structure Aids in locomotion and feeding Found in some animal cells, prokaryotes and plant cells 29

Cilia Used to sweep substances across surfaces Hair-like projections Found in some animal cells, protist cells, and prokaryotes 30

EXOCYTOSIS- The release of intracellular molecules (hormones or proteins) 31

Turgor Pressure- force exerted by the water entering (osmosis) the vacuole, which then swells exerting internal force on the cell wall 32