EUKARYOTIC A NUCLEUS 1 All protist have MORE

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EUKARYOTIC A NUCLEUS 1. ____________: All protist have _______ MORE THAN ONE NUCLEUS a.

EUKARYOTIC A NUCLEUS 1. ____________: All protist have _______ MORE THAN ONE NUCLEUS a. Some have _________________ NUCLEUS ______ FLAGELLA 2. ____________: Made up of one cell UNICELLULAR ALGAE are exceptions KELP a. _________ and some _____ MEANS OF LOCOMOTION Many are able to move 3. ____________: a. ____________: tail-like whip FLAGELLA CILIA b. ____________: hair-like structures c. ____________ : “false feet” PSEUDOPODS CLASSIFIED BY NICHE 4. ____________: a. __________ PRODUCER b. __________ CONSUMER c. __________ DECOMPOSER CILIA _____ PSEUDOPOD ___________

1. _____________: CONSUMERS a. Also known as __________ First Animal 2. _____________: PRODUCERS 3.

1. _____________: CONSUMERS a. Also known as __________ First Animal 2. _____________: PRODUCERS 3. _____________: DECOMPOSERS

1. Name three main groups within the kingdom Protista. What characteristics distinguish each group

1. Name three main groups within the kingdom Protista. What characteristics distinguish each group from the other two? 2. Give two reasons why protists are hard to classify. 3. What observable traits might green algae and plants share that support the molecular evidence that these two groups are closely related? 4. At one time, scientists grouped all single-celled organisms together. What are the main differences between single-celled protists and bacteria or archaea?

1. ___________ number of species in Kingdom Protista LARGEST SIMILARITIES 2. Many __________ are

1. ___________ number of species in Kingdom Protista LARGEST SIMILARITIES 2. Many __________ are shared between animal-like protist and animals. The KEY difference is their ______________ BODY ORGANIZATION a. All animals are ___________ MULTICELLULAR b. All animal-like protist are ________ UNICELLULAR 3. __________-term often used to describe animal-like PROTOZOA protist. a. PROTOZOA FIRST ANIMAL PARAMECIUM VORTICELLA DIDINIUM AMOEBA ________________

CONSUMERS 1. All are ____________: a. CAN NOT make their own ______ FOOD MOBILITY

CONSUMERS 1. All are ____________: a. CAN NOT make their own ______ FOOD MOBILITY 2. Most have methods of __________ a. ___________: Long “tail-like” projection FLAGELLA CILIA HAIR-LIKE b. ___________: Tiny ________ extensions FALSE FEET PSEUDOPODS c. ___________: “________” * _______ CYTOPLASMIC extension from the main cell

AMOEBA PARAMECIUM _________ TRYPANOSOME _______________ • _____, MOVES _____ MOVES with • Moves with

AMOEBA PARAMECIUM _________ TRYPANOSOME _______________ • _____, MOVES _____ MOVES with • Moves with _____, and cilia and sweeps FEEDS ________. FLAGELLUM eliminates FOOD _______ into oral Causes _____ WASTES grove with cilia AFRICAN SLEEPING _________ through ILLNESS _________ PSEUDOPODS. past on by a fly. PLASMODIUM _______ PARASITIC protist ______ that does not have a means of ______ Classified as a LOCOMOTION ______Causes SPORAZOAN which is ______, passed on by a MALARIA _____. MOSQUITO

1. One of two groups of protozoa that CHANGE SHAPE ___________ as they move.

1. One of two groups of protozoa that CHANGE SHAPE ___________ as they move. 2. Pseudopod: a temporary extension of ___________ and plasma CYTOPLASM MOVE membrane. Allows amoeba to _______ and _______. FEED PHAGOCYTOSIS 3. ________: process of ________ which amoeba feed INGESTION FRESH SALT 4. Lives in ______ or _____ water and _______. SOIL FREE LIVING 5. Most are _______. Some are _______ PARASITIC AMOEBIC DYSENTERY 6. Can cause ___________: Severe diarrhea as a result of ___________ UNSANITARY WATER _______ PSEUDOPOD _______ NUCLEUS CONTRACTILE _______ VACUOLE FOOD VACUOLE ________

1. Known as a _________ in the phylum CILIATE _________. CILIOPHORA FOOD VACUOLE a.

1. Known as a _________ in the phylum CILIATE _________. CILIOPHORA FOOD VACUOLE a. Cilia: short, hair-like structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the SWIM CAPTURE organism ______ and ______ food. ORAL GROVE 2. Food is swept into the ________ and sent to the ________. GULLET FOOD VACUOLE 3. Food is digested in __________. 2 CONTRACTILE VACUOLES control the 4. _______________ WATER amount of ________ inside the cell. FOOD VACUOLE GULLET ORAL GROVE MACRO NUCLEUS CILIA 5. Contains two __________: NUCLEI a. ________-controls cell’s MACRONUCLEUS structures and activities b. ________-contain all of cells DNA MICRONUCLEUS WATER VACUOLE

PSEUDOPOD ______ CILIA MACRO NUCLEUS ___________ WATER (CONTRACTILE) VACUOLE MICRO NUCLEUS ________ MICRO NUCLEUS

PSEUDOPOD ______ CILIA MACRO NUCLEUS ___________ WATER (CONTRACTILE) VACUOLE MICRO NUCLEUS ________ MICRO NUCLEUS ________ ANAL GROVE ________ ORAL GROVE ______ MACRO NUCLEUS FOOD VACUOLE _______________ FOOD VACUOLE ________ AMOEBA, (ANIMAL LIKE) ________________________ PARAMECIUM, (ANIMAL LIKE) _________________

1. Name and describe three basic means of movement used by animallike protists? 2.

1. Name and describe three basic means of movement used by animallike protists? 2. Describe how the parasite Plasmodium causes disease in humans. 3. In what ways are cilia and flagella similar? How do they differ? 4. Why do amoebas form pseudopods only when the need them?

1. All producers contain _________ and can make their CHLOROPHYLL own _________. FOOD 2.

1. All producers contain _________ and can make their CHLOROPHYLL own _________. FOOD 2. Serveral differences between plants and plant-like protist: MULTICELLULAR a. All plants are ___________ b. Animal-like protist can be. MULTICELLULAR _______ or _______ UNICELLULAR ROOTS, STEMS, LEAVES c. Plants have specialized tissues for ___________ d. Plant-like protists do not have the same ________ or TISSUES THE SAME REPRODUCTIVE _____________ parts as plants 3. Many “phytoplankton” are a huge ___________ for FOOD SOURCE ACQUATIC most ___________ animals. 4. Produce _________ as a bi-product of photosynthesis OXYGEN ________________

_______ EUGLENA ________ VOLVOX _________ DIATOM DINOFLAGELLATE _______ Single cell Known as protists that

_______ EUGLENA ________ VOLVOX _________ DIATOM DINOFLAGELLATE _______ Single cell Known as protists that live freshwater algae. COLONY in a _____: Move with a a hollow ball FLAGELLA _______ with each protist having a FLAGELLA ______ Photosynthetic protist that has many SHAPES different _____ and a _____, HARD TWO PART outer ______ covering. Photosynthetic algae TWO with ____ flagella. Causes “_______” with RED TIDE over population.

LARGEST 1. One of the _______ group of singlecelled organisms that swim with FLAGELLUM

LARGEST 1. One of the _______ group of singlecelled organisms that swim with FLAGELLUM ________. FRESH 2. Most found in _______ water. AUTOTROPHIC 3. Most are ______________ because they contain _________ CHLOROPHYLL to produce their own food. 4. Have an ________ to help them sense EYESPOT _______ for _________ LIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS

DAUGHTER COLONY Single-celled plant-like protists that join COLONIES together to form _________ in HOLLOW

DAUGHTER COLONY Single-celled plant-like protists that join COLONIES together to form _________ in HOLLOW BALL the shape of a ___________. Inside the parent colony, offspring are formed and known as“___________” DAUGHTER COLONIES FLAGELLUM Individual cells have ________ for mobility. INDIVIDUAL CELLS FLAGELLUM OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS FLAGELLA

Plant-like _______ that are ALGAE covered with A TWO PART _________, GLASS-LIKE SHELL ___________.

Plant-like _______ that are ALGAE covered with A TWO PART _________, GLASS-LIKE SHELL ___________. Diatoms produce about HALF ______ of all the _______ we breathe. OXYGEN INDUSTRIAL Used in ________ products.

1. Give and example of each of the following: a single-celled, a colonial, and

1. Give and example of each of the following: a single-celled, a colonial, and a multi-cellular plant-like protist. 2. Many plantlike protists, or algae, reproduce sexually when conditions are harsh. Why might this be beneficial for a species? 3. If a multi-cellular organism contains chlorophyll c but no silica, to which phylum does it likely belong? 4. Many biologists argue that the euglenoids should be classified as an animal -like protist rather than a plantlike protist. Explain.

ECOSYSTEM 1. Play an important role in the ___________ as ________. DECOMPOSERS CARBON a.

ECOSYSTEM 1. Play an important role in the ___________ as ________. DECOMPOSERS CARBON a. Recycle ________ and ________ back NITROGEN into the soil for _________ use. PLANTS 2. Difference between fungi and fungus-like protist is that fungus-like protist can _________ during part of their life cycle MOVE CAN NOT MOVE while fungi ______________.

PROTIST EUKARYOTIC ________________ ANIMAL-LIKE _________________ CONSUMER _________________ NICHE: Characteristics of Kingdom Protista: UNICELLULAR _______________________________

PROTIST EUKARYOTIC ________________ ANIMAL-LIKE _________________ CONSUMER _________________ NICHE: Characteristics of Kingdom Protista: UNICELLULAR _______________________________ PLANT-LIKE _________________ PRODUCER _________ (AUTOTROPH) NICHE: (HETEROTROPH) _________ CELL ORGANIZATION: ________ UNICELLULAR ________ OR FUNGUS-LIKE _____________ NICHE: ________ DECOMPOSER _________ (HETEROTROPH) CELL ORGANIZATION: ________ UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR _________ MOBILITY: MOST ________ METHODS OF LOCOMOTION: FLAGELLA _______ SOME ________ MOBILITY: METHODS OF LOCOMOTION: ________ FLAGELLA MOBILITY: ________ DURING CERTAIN ________ POINTS ________ IN LIFECYCLE METHODS OF LOCOMOTION: _______ PSEUDOPODS _______________ FLAGELLA CILIA ________ EXAMPLES: _____ AMOEBA _______ PARAMECIUM EXAMPLES: EUGLENA VOLVOX DIATOM _____________ EXAMPLES: ________ SLIME MOLD

2. Plant –like protists (Algae). • All are producers…. contain chlorophyll and can make

2. Plant –like protists (Algae). • All are producers…. contain chlorophyll and can make their own food. • Many “phytoplankton” are a huge food source for most aquatic animals chloroplasts • Freshwater algae flagella eyespot Reproduction by fission

 • Salt water algae • Also called “brown algae” • Photosynthetic protist that

• Salt water algae • Also called “brown algae” • Photosynthetic protist that has a hard outer covering that looks like Shiny glass-like material ___________. This material does not decay, and is very useful to other organisms’ diets. This gritty material is used in cleaning products.

(Brown seaweed) Also called multi-cellular brown algae, and can be eaten for food. The

(Brown seaweed) Also called multi-cellular brown algae, and can be eaten for food. The only multi-cellular protist Kelp forest off the coast of California in Monterey bay

 • Photosynthetic algae that are also classified as red or brown algae. “red

• Photosynthetic algae that are also classified as red or brown algae. “red tide” Overpopulation cause ________ An overproduction of dinoflagellates can cause “pollution” of water. This can effect the quality of water and fish-life in that area. It is cause by a sudden change in water temperature that causes a dramatic increase in dinoflagellate reproduction.

Other green algae • Live in colonies • known for their spiraling chloroplasts and

Other green algae • Live in colonies • known for their spiraling chloroplasts and grow to many centimeters long

3. Fungus-like protists • Decomposers • Grow on decaying material, such as logs and

3. Fungus-like protists • Decomposers • Grow on decaying material, such as logs and leaves on the forest floor. * Unlike fungus kingdom because of their cell wall The Potato Famine in Ireland in 1840’s was caused by Phytophthora infestans, fungus-like protist.

1. In what ways are slime molds and water molds similar to fungi? 2.

1. In what ways are slime molds and water molds similar to fungi? 2. Describe how slime molds help other organisms within an ecosystem obtain nutrients. 3. Make a three-column chat comparing plasmodial slime molds, cellular slime molds, and water molds. 4. Why doesn’t spraying water on slime molds work to destroy them?

PROTIST SUMMARY TRAITS Protists have many different __________. Protists can be classified into ______________________,

PROTIST SUMMARY TRAITS Protists have many different __________. Protists can be classified into ______________________, and ___________ phyla. All ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE protists are ___________ organisms, most of which are _____________. EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR MOVE ABOUT but all need to take in _________. FOOD Most animal-like protists can _________, They can reproduce by _________________, FISSION CONJUGATION and/or _________. SPORES Some protists are plantlike. They produce ___________ CHLOROPHYLL to make their own __________. As a bi-product, they produce ___________ as well. These OXYGEN FOOD protists are considered the primary ______________ for other organisms. Some will FOOD SOURCE have a _____________ to help them move about. FLAGELLA The protists classified as fungus-like protest include ____________. They are ____________ and live off of ___________.