Prokaryotic Cells Kingdom Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells

Kingdom Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia eukaryotic Protista prokaryotic Monera

Kingdom Protista • Eukaryotic • Mostly unicellular • A very heterogeneous group include both heterotrophic and photoautotrophic forms • 11 phyla • Lots of disagreements • Whittaker = “leftovers”

Reproduction: • binary fission splits into two asexually • multiple fission producing more than two individuals • sexually by conjugation (opposite mating strains join & exchange genetic material)

Kingdom Protista 3 informal groups Animal-like protists Fungus-like protists Plant-like (algal) protists Misleading: some change ~ 45, 000 species

Animal-like Protists Amoeba Cilliates Flagellates 13, 000 species

Animal-like Protists • Classified by the way they move cilia flagella pseudopodia

• Heterotrophs ingest small food particles & digest it inside food vacuoles containing digestive enzymes

Animal-like protists • Sarcomastigophora (amoebas, forams, radiolarian) • Ciliophora (paramecium) • Zoomastigophora (trypansoma) • Apicocomplexa (Sporozoa)

Note: glass projections

Paramecium

Animal-like Protists Phylum Zoomastigophora (“zooflagellates”) Move using flagella: 1 to thousands of flagella Move using flagella Some parasites • African trypanosomiasis – sleeping sickness – tsetse fly • Chagas Disease – kissing bug • Leishmaniasis – sand fly • giardiasis Vaccines? change protein coat! Gave rise to animals? 1, 500 species

African sleeping sickness Tsetse fly Trypansoma

The Kissing Bug Chagas disease

Leishmaniasis Sand fly Leishmania

Malaria Mosquito & “victim” Anopheles Mosquito Africa = kills 1 million children per year Thousands of sporozoites injected Vaccine? (US support? ) Plasmodium sporozoite gameteocyte