The War of 1812 Part I Mr Calella

The War of 1812 Part I Mr. Calella American Studies I/USI(H)

Review § British Blockade § British Impressment of American sailors § The Embargo Act of 1807 (prohibited all exports)

British Impressment of U. S. Sailors

Embargo Act of 1807

President James Madison § Dem-Rep; Secretary of State under Jefferson § Wins the Election of 1808 § What is happening to the Federalist party? Why? § Same political philosophy as Jefferson, but sticks to his guns

President James Madison

Non-Intercourse Act § 1809, Non-Intercourse Act § Dem-Rep controlled Congress § 1810, act repealed § Trade booms with England § Not France, why? § English blockade (and possible impressment) remained in effect

Indian Resistance to Westward Expansion § British in Canada encouraging Indian attacks on American western farmers-misconception § What is real reason? § Gen. William Henry Harrison-pushes west to make room for “the seat of civilization, of science, and true religion. ” § How did whites view Indian culture?

William Henry Harrison

Tecumseh

Indian Resistance (cont. ) § Great Team: Brothers in Arms § Tecumseh: political leader, great orator; advocated use of force § Tenskwatawa (Prophet) fanatic, guided by visions; movement’s moral and spiritual voice (“cast away white ways”) § “Read Aloud” Activity

Tecumseh’s Speech Activity § How do you think the speech was recorded? § Why was it important to get inter-tribe support? § What warning does Tecumseh give towards the white men? How is the use of fear important? § How did whites take advantage of Indians’ hospitality? Why does Tecumseh feel the need to explain these things? What do the white men want? § Could peace ever work? Why did whites treat Indians so poorly? Why does he continually state that the Great Spirit is on their side?

Indian Resistance (cont. ) § Battle of Tippecanoe Creek § Harrison attacks Prophetstown § Prophet’s blunder § Prophetstown razed, but battle a draw § Sense of confederation spilt § Importance? § Settlers continue to blame British for Indian aggression

Battle of Tippecanoe

Westerns Want War with England § Agricultural depression § Misconception: loss of foreign markets due to British policy § Reality? § Land Hungry § Want Canada from England § Nationalism (Easterners too) § Want England to end blockade to restore national honor § Support for the “War Hawks”

Opponent of War § Federalists-opposed any measure by Dem-Rep; why? § Realists § England largest navy; why? § England not really a threat § Napoleon is real threat; why?

The War of 1812 § Congress declares war § Poor economy and Indian aggression blamed on England § War Hawks muster support § Madison must save face § England in bad economic depression and lifted blockade § Why? § 5 days earlier, U. S. declared war

U. S. Navy and the Privateers § U. S. navy is very small, but scored early victories § President, United States, Constitution § End of 1813, U. S. navy trapped by British blockade § U. S. uses merchant ships as privateers; very successful § 1300 British ships taken

USS Constitution

War in Canada § U. S. cannot attack England, so it attacks British possession of Canada § U. S. army was ill-trained and ill-led; poor strategy and U. S. attack fails § Canada weak, but Detroit is taken strategy § Cap. Oliver Hazard Perry destroys Brit. ships on Lake Erie § Famous quote; meaning?

Battle of Lake Erie

War in Canada (cont. ) § Perry’s victory allows U. S. to retake Detroit § Harrison defeats fleeing British at Battle of Thames § Tecumseh killed § Indians lose will to fight; why? § U. S. wins Battle of York § Burn governor’s mansion

Death of Tecumseh

The War of 1812 Part II Mr. Calella American Studies I

British on Offensive § 1814, Napoleon abdicates after his failure in Russia (1814) § British turn full attention on U. S. § Blockade and raid coast § Economic effect? Terrorism? § Capture D. C. , burn Capitol, White House, etc. ; why? § Dolley Madison Activity

The Portrait

Burning of the Whitehouse

American Nationalism § Brit. bombard Fort Mc. Henry § Francis Scot Key on Brit. ship sees flag; wrote lyrics § Lyrics describe battle? § Brit. unable take Baltimore; go to New Orleans § Why?

Bombing of Fort Mc. Henry

Nationalism (cont. ) § 1000 s enlist after song and news about D. C. burning § How was War of 1812 similar to 9/11? § Examples of nationalism after 9/11? § Negative examples of nationalism?

War of 1812

Treaty of Ghent § Signed Christmas Eve, 1814 in Ghent, Belgium § Gallatin, Clay, Adams (chair) § Declared armistice § Agreed to “status quo ante bellum” § Impressment not addressed; why?

Treaty of Ghent

Battle of New Orleans § News of Treaty traveled slow § Occurred after Treaty § Happened today? Why not?

Battle (continued) § Watch video on battle (14 min. ) § Jackson became a national hero and later president § Other war hero presidents? §Quick i. Pad research § Why does this occur?

Battle of New Orleans

Federalists Weakened § Hartford Convention § Occurred after Treaty, but news slow § New Eng. Fed. protest war & revise Const. (IRONY-now want to shorten president to 1 term, 2/3 s states for war) § Talk of secession § Federalists discredited with news of Treaty § Victory at New Orleans really made Federalists look bad; why?

Effects of the War § Peaceful relations-U. S. and Eng. § Commercial treaty-trade again § Convention of 1818: Northern boundary of Louisiana Purchase (49 th parallel) & 10 -yr joint-occupation of Oregon Territory § Confirm American independence § U. S. has credibility; stood up to British Empire and successfully held it back § U. S. has no foreign problems now; can focus on problem of sectionalism (why? )

Effects of War (cont. ) § American nationalism grows § Why was it important for U. S. to establish peaceful relations with Europe? § After Napoleon, Europe at peace until?