The War of 1812 Notes 1812 1814 v

The War of 1812 Notes (1812 -1814) v. Madison’s War Message: • accused the British government of acts “hostile to the United States as independent an ___________ and neutral _________nation” plundered • “our commerce has been ___________in every sea” • blamed the British for frontier warfare _________________ with the Native Americans

v. Lack of Preparation • The United States entered the war at a great disadvantage weak unprepared omilitary was ________and _________ army §________– small force of soldiers led by inexperienced officers §had to depend on state militias ________________ 20 §navy – had fewer than ________ oceangoing ships §had to pay privateers armed ships (_______________) to fight Øcaptured more than 1, 300 merchant ships §British blockaded the coastline

v American Strategy Canada • Capture_________– supported by war hawk Henry Clay o. Plan –Three way invasion of Canada from Detroit ___________, Fort Niagara, and Lake Champlain. §All three failed Detroit §William Hull led the invasion from _________ and managed to lose the city of Detroit to the British year ØBritish controlled Detroit for over a_______. • Strengthen Claims in the West o. More ____________for the Americans defeats o. Fought not only the British, but also the Native Americans. o. Lost both Fort Michilimackinac and Fort Dearborn (present Chicago day_____________) Northwest §gave British control of most of the ______Territory v. Defense at Sea • Mostly defeats to the British, but a few American ships fought successfully. o. USS Constitution “Old___________” – won a sea Ironsides battle against the British ship Guerriere.

v. Victory on the Great Lakes (1813) York • United States captures _________(Toronto) and burns some office buildings 10 • Oliver Hazzard Perry uses ______ small ships to fight the British Fleet on Lake Eerie Detroit o. Regain control of ____________and Michigan o. Cause boost in American Spirits Thames • Battle of __________River o. William Henry Harrison led 3, 500 troops after the British fleeing Detroit 1, 000 o. Defeated a force of 600 British and ________ Native Americans led by Tecumseh, (Tecumseh killed)

v. The British Invasion(1814) • British have more troops available after defeating Napoleon ____________ Washington D. C. • British capture __________________ o 1, 000 Americans vs. 6, 000 British o. Madison and his cabinet fled the city to avoid capture _______________ §Declaration of Independence and Washington’s portrait are saved. burned o. Capitol and President’s House ___________ §To avenge the burning of ____________ York • British invade Baltimore. Mc. Henry o. Soldiers at Ft. _____________held of British for 25 hours and forced a British retreat o. Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a prisoner of war ship in the harbor. §wrote the poem that later became the national anthem ____________________

• Battle of New Orleans (1815) south o. British plan to invade from the__________; Andrew Jackson was ready for them victory o. Greatest _______________of the war §Jackson’s sharpshooter’s hid behind bales of cotton ____________ §Killed or wounded _______out of 8, 000 2, 000 British soldiers §Only about 20 Americans were killed pointless o. Neither side knew the battle was __________ because a peace treaty had been signed 2 weeks ___________earlier.

v. Treaty of Ghent Christmas Eve • Signed ____________________1814 nothing • Ended the fighting, but settled ____________ • Didn’t deal with impressment or rights of American ships territory • No gain or loss of ______________ • Americans were proud of the victory • Nation gained respect around the world. patriotism • New sense of _______________and national identity.