425 Section Chapter Section 1 Chapter 6 Section

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Chapter 6 Section 4: The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Objectives • Identify the events that led to the War Hawks’ call for war. • Analyze the major battles and conflicts of the War of 1812. • Explain the significance of the War of 1812. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Terms and People • Tecumseh – Shawnee who attempted to unite the Indian nations to resist expansion by settlers • Battle of Tippecanoe – Gov. William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee in 1811 • War Hawks – nationalistic western and southern Congressmen who urged war with Britain in 1812 • War of 1812 – war with Britain, 1812 -1815 • Andrew Jackson – defeated the Creek and Seminole Indians and then the British at New Orleans The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Terms and People (continued) • Francis Scott Key – penned “The Star Spangled Banner” during the British attack on Fort Mc. Henry • “The Star-Spangled Banner” – Key’s poem that later became the national anthem • Battle of New Orleans – American victory by Andrew Jackson routing the British in January 1815 • Treaty of Ghent – treaty ending the War of 1812 • Hartford Convention – meeting of New England Federalists who opposed the War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Why did the U. S. go to war with Britain, and what was the outcome of that war? In 1812, the U. S. found itself involved in a major war that tested its strength and the solidarity of its people. Americans managed to fight the war and get the country back on track in its aftermath. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Americans faced trouble from Native Americans. • Shawnee warrior Tecumseh and his brother tried to unite Native Americans to fight American expansion. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 • Following victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, William Henry Harrison burned Prophetstown, Tecumseh’s village. • Westerners blamed the British in Canada for arming the Indians, and demanded action. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 In 1811, the War Hawks took the lead in Congress. • They were led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 • War Hawks denounced Britain’s impressment of U. S. sailors and its support for Native Americans. • They believed an invasion of Canada would stop British aid to the Indians and force Britain to respect America at sea. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 The War of 1812 began when Congress declared war in June 1812. • But the nation was totally unprepared with only a small army and navy. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 • Thomas Jefferson advised Madison that an invasion of Canada would be easy. • He proved wrong and repeated attempts to invade Canada failed. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Early on the British were occupied in Europe, allowing several American victories. The small American navy did surprisingly well. • The U. S. S. Constitution defeated H. M. S. Guerrière • Oliver Hazard Perry defeated a British fleet on Lake Erie. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Americans • In 1813, Harrison killed won several Tecumseh who was aiding victories the British. against Native • Attacks on Canada failed Americans. Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek in Alabama. • Jackson defeated the Seminoles and seized a fort at Pensacola. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 In 1814, Britain defeated France and then launched a four-part offensive in America. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 1 British troops occupied eastern Maine. 2 A 2 ND army invaded New York from Montreal but was turned back. 3 A 3 RD force invaded Maryland, burning Washington D. C. , but failed to take Baltimore. 4 A 4 TH Army headed to New Orleans. They would be routed by Andrew Jackson. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 The Americans’ worst humiliation came when British troops burned the White House and Capitol. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 • Both sides agreed to return to pre-war boundaries. The Treaty of Ghent ended • A commission was set up to discuss any future the war. boundary disputes. • Impressment and American neutrality were not discussed. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Several events of the War of 1812 fostered American pride. The British failure to take Fort Mc. Henry in Baltimore inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner. ” The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 1815: Andrew Jackson crushed the British in the Battle of New Orleans. The battle took place after the war officially ended. There was No news of a treaty. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 The war was not popular with everyone. A group of Federalists held the Hartford Convention to consider secession and making a separate peace with Britain. After the Treaty of Ghent, these Federalists were considered traitors and the Federalist Party disappeared. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 Section 4 Assessment 1. What were some major causes of the War of 1812? (219) 2. How did Native Americans become involved in the war? (215 -216) 3. Why was the White House burned during the war? (217) 4. What was the significance of the Battle of New Orleans? (218) 5. What were some major outcomes of the War of 1812? (219) The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins

425 Section Chapter Section 1 1. British interference with Native American activities and interests; want to get British out of North America; etc. 2. They fought off land expansion and were angered by dishonest treaties for land 3. Revenge for American arson in Canada; tensions between Americans and British 4. Greatest American victory during the war; led to Treaty of Ghent; end of war 5. Need for strong army; growing national pride & strength; end of Federalist party; etc. The War of 1812 The Cold War Begins