MEIOSIS Chapter 10 Section 1 Main Idea Meiosis
![MEIOSIS Chapter 10 Section 1 MEIOSIS Chapter 10 Section 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-1.jpg)
![Main Idea Meiosis produces haploid gametes. Main Idea Meiosis produces haploid gametes.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-2.jpg)
![Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-3.jpg)
![Chromosome and Chromosome Number • Characteristics such as hair color, eye color, etc. , Chromosome and Chromosome Number • Characteristics such as hair color, eye color, etc. ,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-4.jpg)
![Chromosome and Chromosome Number Homologous chromosomes • Human cells have 46 chromosomes, or 23 Chromosome and Chromosome Number Homologous chromosomes • Human cells have 46 chromosomes, or 23](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-5.jpg)
![Chromosome and Chromosome Number Haploid and diploid cells • To maintain the same number Chromosome and Chromosome Number Haploid and diploid cells • To maintain the same number](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-6.jpg)
![Meiosis I • • Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the Meiosis I • • Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-7.jpg)
![Meiosis I Interphase • Chromosomes replicate. • Chromatin condenses. Meiosis I Interphase • Chromosomes replicate. • Chromatin condenses.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-8.jpg)
![Meiosis I Prophase I • Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs. • Each chromosome consists Meiosis I Prophase I • Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs. • Each chromosome consists](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-9.jpg)
![Meiosis I Prophase I • • • As homologous chromosomes condense, they are bound Meiosis I Prophase I • • • As homologous chromosomes condense, they are bound](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-10.jpg)
![Meiosis I Metaphase I • Chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers. • Homologous chromosomes Meiosis I Metaphase I • Chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers. • Homologous chromosomes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-11.jpg)
![Meiosis I Anaphase I • Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of Meiosis I Anaphase I • Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-12.jpg)
![Meiosis I Telophase I • Chromosomes reach the cell’s opposite poles. • Cytokinesis occurs. Meiosis I Telophase I • Chromosomes reach the cell’s opposite poles. • Cytokinesis occurs.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-13.jpg)
![Meiosis II Prophase II • A second set of phases begins as the spindle Meiosis II Prophase II • A second set of phases begins as the spindle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-14.jpg)
![Meiosis II Metaphase II • Chromosomes are positioned at the equator. • Meiosis II Meiosis II Metaphase II • Chromosomes are positioned at the equator. • Meiosis II](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-15.jpg)
![Meiosis II Anaphase II • Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by Meiosis II Anaphase II • Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-16.jpg)
![Meiosis II Telophase II • The chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane Meiosis II Telophase II • The chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-17.jpg)
![Meiosis II Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis results in four haploid cells, each with n number Meiosis II Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis results in four haploid cells, each with n number](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-18.jpg)
![The Importance of Meiosis • Mitosis consists of one cell division that produces identical The Importance of Meiosis • Mitosis consists of one cell division that produces identical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-19.jpg)
![The Importance of Meiosis provides variation • During metaphase I, the chromosomes line up The Importance of Meiosis provides variation • During metaphase I, the chromosomes line up](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-20.jpg)
![Sexual Reproduction v. Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction • The organism inherits all of its Sexual Reproduction v. Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction • The organism inherits all of its](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-21.jpg)
![MEIOSIS: THE GREAT DIVIDE MEIOSIS: THE GREAT DIVIDE](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-22.jpg)
![Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-23.jpg)
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![MEIOSIS Chapter 10 Section 1 MEIOSIS Chapter 10 Section 1](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-1.jpg)
MEIOSIS Chapter 10 Section 1
![Main Idea Meiosis produces haploid gametes Main Idea Meiosis produces haploid gametes.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-2.jpg)
Main Idea Meiosis produces haploid gametes.
![Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis What are Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-3.jpg)
Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are the stages of meiosis? What is the importance of meiosis in providing genetic variation? Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education
![Chromosome and Chromosome Number Characteristics such as hair color eye color etc Chromosome and Chromosome Number • Characteristics such as hair color, eye color, etc. ,](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-4.jpg)
Chromosome and Chromosome Number • Characteristics such as hair color, eye color, etc. , are called traits. • The instructions for each trait are located on chromosomes, in the nucleus of cells. • DNA is organized in segments called genes that control the production of a protein. • Each chromosome contains hundreds of genes.
![Chromosome and Chromosome Number Homologous chromosomes Human cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 Chromosome and Chromosome Number Homologous chromosomes • Human cells have 46 chromosomes, or 23](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-5.jpg)
Chromosome and Chromosome Number Homologous chromosomes • Human cells have 46 chromosomes, or 23 pairs (one contributed by each parent). • The chromosomes that make up the pairs are called homologous chromosomes. • Homologous chromosomes are the same length, same centromere position, and carry genes for the same traits.
![Chromosome and Chromosome Number Haploid and diploid cells To maintain the same number Chromosome and Chromosome Number Haploid and diploid cells • To maintain the same number](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-6.jpg)
Chromosome and Chromosome Number Haploid and diploid cells • To maintain the same number of chromosomes from generation to generation, organisms produce gametes – sex cells with half the number of chromosomes. • The symbol n can be used to represent the number of chromosomes in a gamete. • A cell with n chromosomes is called a haploid cell. • A cell that contains 2 n chromosomes is called a diploid cell.
![Meiosis I Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the Meiosis I • • Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-7.jpg)
Meiosis I • • Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell and produces gametes. Involves two consecutive cell divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II
![Meiosis I Interphase Chromosomes replicate Chromatin condenses Meiosis I Interphase • Chromosomes replicate. • Chromatin condenses.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-8.jpg)
Meiosis I Interphase • Chromosomes replicate. • Chromatin condenses.
![Meiosis I Prophase I Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs Each chromosome consists Meiosis I Prophase I • Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs. • Each chromosome consists](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-9.jpg)
Meiosis I Prophase I • Pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs. • Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids.
![Meiosis I Prophase I As homologous chromosomes condense they are bound Meiosis I Prophase I • • • As homologous chromosomes condense, they are bound](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-10.jpg)
Meiosis I Prophase I • • • As homologous chromosomes condense, they are bound together in a process called synapsis, which allows for crossing over. Crossing over – chromosomal segments are exchanged between a pair of homologous chromosomes. Crossing over produces exchange of genetic information.
![Meiosis I Metaphase I Chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers Homologous chromosomes Meiosis I Metaphase I • Chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers. • Homologous chromosomes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-11.jpg)
Meiosis I Metaphase I • Chromosome centromeres attach to spindle fibers. • Homologous chromosomes line up as a pair at the equator.
![Meiosis I Anaphase I Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of Meiosis I Anaphase I • Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-12.jpg)
Meiosis I Anaphase I • Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. • The chromosome number is reduced from 2 n to n when the homologous chromosomes separate.
![Meiosis I Telophase I Chromosomes reach the cells opposite poles Cytokinesis occurs Meiosis I Telophase I • Chromosomes reach the cell’s opposite poles. • Cytokinesis occurs.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-13.jpg)
Meiosis I Telophase I • Chromosomes reach the cell’s opposite poles. • Cytokinesis occurs.
![Meiosis II Prophase II A second set of phases begins as the spindle Meiosis II Prophase II • A second set of phases begins as the spindle](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-14.jpg)
Meiosis II Prophase II • A second set of phases begins as the spindle apparatus forms and the chromosomes condense.
![Meiosis II Metaphase II Chromosomes are positioned at the equator Meiosis II Meiosis II Metaphase II • Chromosomes are positioned at the equator. • Meiosis II](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-15.jpg)
Meiosis II Metaphase II • Chromosomes are positioned at the equator. • Meiosis II involves a haploid number of chromosomes.
![Meiosis II Anaphase II Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by Meiosis II Anaphase II • Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-16.jpg)
Meiosis II Anaphase II • Sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere by spindle fibers and move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
![Meiosis II Telophase II The chromosomes reach the poles and the nuclear membrane Meiosis II Telophase II • The chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-17.jpg)
Meiosis II Telophase II • The chromosomes reach the poles, and the nuclear membrane and nuclei reform.
![Meiosis II Cytokinesis Cytokinesis results in four haploid cells each with n number Meiosis II Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis results in four haploid cells, each with n number](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-18.jpg)
Meiosis II Cytokinesis • Cytokinesis results in four haploid cells, each with n number of chromosomes
![The Importance of Meiosis Mitosis consists of one cell division that produces identical The Importance of Meiosis • Mitosis consists of one cell division that produces identical](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-19.jpg)
The Importance of Meiosis • Mitosis consists of one cell division that produces identical cells. • Meiosis consists of two cell divisions that produce haploid daughter cells that are not genetically identical. • Meiosis results in genetic variation.
![The Importance of Meiosis provides variation During metaphase I the chromosomes line up The Importance of Meiosis provides variation • During metaphase I, the chromosomes line up](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-20.jpg)
The Importance of Meiosis provides variation • During metaphase I, the chromosomes line up randomly at the equator. • Gametes end up with different combinations of chromosomes. • Genetic variation also is produced during crossing over and during fertilization, when gametes randomly combine.
![Sexual Reproduction v Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction The organism inherits all of its Sexual Reproduction v. Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction • The organism inherits all of its](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-21.jpg)
Sexual Reproduction v. Asexual Reproduction Asexual reproduction • The organism inherits all of its chromosomes from a single parent. • The new individual is genetically identical to its parent. Sexual reproduction • The organism inherits chromosomes from two parents. • Rate of beneficial mutations is faster. • Beneficial genes multiply faster over times than they do for asexual organisms.
![MEIOSIS THE GREAT DIVIDE MEIOSIS: THE GREAT DIVIDE](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-22.jpg)
MEIOSIS: THE GREAT DIVIDE
![Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis What are Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/5cc67ef463351bc9ecb5e8f0057396e5/image-23.jpg)
Thinking Questions How does the reduction in chromosome number occur during meiosis? What are the stages of meiosis? What is the importance of meiosis in providing genetic variation? Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education
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