SUPER SCIENCE STATIONS PART 2 JEWETT MIDDLE ACADEMY

SUPER SCIENCE STATIONS PART 2 JEWETT MIDDLE ACADEMY MAGNET

PAGE 1 Title: Waves Standard: SC. 7. P. 10. 3 Recognize that light waves, sound waves, and other waves move at different speeds in different materials Objectives: Students will recognize that sound waves travel faster in liquids than in gases (air) and faster still in solids, and cannot travel in (the vacuum of) space. Students will explain that though sound waves travel faster in solids, more energy is lost and they cannot travel as far.

REAL WORLD SCIENCE VIDEO CLIP

ANSWERS (CHART ANSWERS WILL VARY BUT THESE CONCEPTS SHOULD BE HIGHLIGHTED) Sound waves can travel through all kinds of mediums—some better than others—and that is why sound can travel through solid objects (like a wall or closed window). Most solid materials are better at directly transmitting sound than air. For example, if you take an object, such as a spoon, hold it right in front of your nose and tap the far end very lightly with your finger, you probably won’t hear anything. BUT if you put one end of the spoon next to your ear and tap the other end, a sound wave will travel straight through the spoon and you will hear it clearly.

ANSWERS CONTINUED Sound waves can’t travel forever. After a while they lose energy and fade away. They can also be weakened and distorted. When a sound wave traveling through the air encounters an obstacle, such as a tree or wall, some of the energy of the sound wave gets absorbed, so the sound comes out fainter and sometimes garbled on the other side.

ANSWERS CONTINUED Sound waves travel through different mediums at different speeds. At sea level, sound waves travel through the air at about 760 mph—about five miles a second—which means you can hear nearby sounds almost instantaneously. But they move through water 4 times that fast and through steel more than 17 times as fast.

PRACTICE QUESTION #1 Sound waves need to travel through something made of atoms or molecules in order to keep moving. They travel at different speeds through different materials. Through which of the following would they be likely to travel fastest? A. Air B. Water C. Juice D. wood

PRACTICE QUESTION #1 Answer: D

PRACTICE QUESTION #2 Why does tightening a guitar string raise the pitch of the string when it is played? A. It stretches the string thinner so fewer sound waves are produced. B. It allows the string to stay in motion longer producing more sound waves. C. It decreases the frequency of the sound waves produced by the plucked string. D. It increases the frequency of the sound waves produced by the plucked string.

PRACTICE QUESTION #2 ANSWER: D

PRACTICE QUESTION #3 Which of the following is necessary in order for a sound to be produced? A. air B. an ear C. a vibrating object D. a complete vacuum

PRACTICE QUESTION #3 Answer: C

PAGE 2 Topic: Hierarchical relationships between astronomical bodies NGSSS: SC. 8. E. 5. 3 Distinguish the hierarchical relationships between planets and other astronomical bodies relative to solar system, galaxy, and universe, including distance, size, and composition. Objective(s): Students will describe the size and composition of planets and other astronomical bodies. Students will describe the distances among planets and astronomical bodies in terms of hierarchical relationships relative to the solar system, galaxies, and the universe.

PLANET VIDEO

STUDENT THINK SHEET List the astronomical bodies in size order from smallest to largest Hierarchal Relationships a) Comet b) Asteroid c) Moon d) Planet e) Star f) Solar system g) Galaxy h) Universe

Composition (answers may vary-possible answers below) Hot gas (stars) Solid (moons, planets, asteroids) Gas (planets, comets) Mix of stars, planets, other (solar system, galaxy, universe)

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANETS Inner More dense Smaller Less surface gravity Shorter year Rocky Fewer moons Hotter

CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANETS Outer Less dense Larger More surface gravity Longer year Gaseous More moons Colder

QUESTIONS 1. Which statement about relative astronomical size is correct? A. The diameter of Earth is bigger than the diameter of the Sun. B. Our Solar System is bigger than the Milky Way galaxy. C. Asteroids are the largest of the minor bodies in our Solar System. D. The orbit of our Moon is smaller than the dwarf planet Pluto.

Answer: C. Asteroids are the largest of the minor bodies in our Solar System.

2. What is the primary difference between a moon and a planet? A. Planets are always larger than moons. B. Moons orbit planets and planets orbit the Sun. C. Moons have a greater mass than the planets that they revolves around. D. Planets are spherical, and moons are more irregularly shaped.

Answer: B. Moons orbit planets and planets orbit the Sun.

3. The inner terrestrial planets all have similar compositions with rocky surfaces and high densities. They are very different from the outer planets, called the gas giants. The gas giants all have similar compositions and they are much larger with low densities. Despite these differences, what is one characteristic that the inner and outer planets share? A. They all have moons. B. They all are more than one light year away from the Sun. C. They all travel in elliptical orbits. D. They all have equal periods of rotation.

Answer: C. They all travel in elliptical orbits.

Using the following information, how many Jupiter days would fit into one Earth day? A. 2. 4 B. 10. 0 C. 11. 86 D. 365. 26

Answer: A. 2. 4

5. Which statement is true regarding measuring distances in space? A. An astronomical unit (AU) is larger than a light year. B. The time taken for light to travel through our Solar System is longer than that for light to travel through the Milky Way. C. The Earth is one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun. D. All of the terrestrial planets are more than one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun.

ANSWER C. The Earth is one astronomical unit (AU) from the Sun.

PAGE 3 TOPIC: PHOTOSYNTHESIS

VIDEO CLIP

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. What kind of energy is stored in food? A. Chemical energy B. Heat energy C. Kinetic energy D. Light energy

ANSWER A . Chemical energy

. How do plants obtain the water, carbon dioxide, and energy they use for this process? 2 A. Carbon dioxide is absorbed from the soil, water is taken in by the stems, and energy comes form sugars stored in the plant. B. Carbon dioxide enters through the leaves, water enters through roots, and light energy is captured by the chlorophyll in plant cells. C. Water enters as rain falls on the stems, carbon dioxide is absorbed from fertilizer, and energy comes.

ANSWER B. Carbon dioxide enters through the leaves, water enters through roots, and light energy is captured by the chlorophyll in plant cells.

3. From which molecules do organisms get energy to perform daily activites? A. Molecules of ATP B. Molecules of water C. Molecules of oxygen D. Molecules of carbon dioxide

ANSWER A. Molecules of ATP

PAGE 4 TOPIC: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGE NGSSS: SC. 8. P. 9. 2 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PHYSICAL CHANGES AND CHEMICAL CHANGES. OBJECTIVE(S): DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES. EXPLAIN THAT MASS IS CONSERVED WHEN SUBSTANCES UNDERGO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES.

VIDEO CLIP

STUDENT THINK SHEET Change Card Numbers Physical 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 17 Chemical 2, 3, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18

1. Answers will vary. #5 - Although size and shape have changed the characteristic properties. remain the same. #7 – The formation of bubbles suggests that the atoms have rearranged to form a new substance which is a gas.

2. George painted a picture on a canvas, and he mixed some colors together because he wanted to make a particular shade of blue. Mixing paint is an example of what kind of process? A. chemical change B. physical change C. forming a compound D. dissolving one substance into another

ANSWER: B. physical change

3. Andy stirred 100 grams of salt (sodium chloride, Na. Cl) into a pot of water until he could no longer see any grains of salt. If he allows all the liquid to evaporate, how much salt will he find in the pot? A. 0 grams B. 50 grams C. 100 grams D. 200 grams

ANSWER C. 100 grams

4. Combining 1/2 cup of vinegar with 1 gallon of milk causes the vinegar, which is an acid, to react with the milk. The milk sours and thickens, creating cottage cheese. What kind of change is this? A. chemical B. mechanical C. physical D. potential

ANSWER A. chemical

5. Which is the result of a chemical change? A. an ice cube that has melted and turned into water B. a log that has been cut up into many pieces C. cake mix that has been baked into a cake D. a glass of tea that has a teaspoon of sugar dissolved in it

ANSWER C. cake mix that has been baked into a cake

6. When a candle is lit, the wick burns, the wax melts, the candle changes shape, and the air around the candle heats up. Which of the following is an example of chemical change? A. the wick burning B. the wax melting C. the candle changing shape D. the air around the candle heating up

ANSWER A. the wick burning

PAGE 5 TOPIC: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STARS NGSSS: SC. 8. E. 5. 5 DESCRIBE AND CLASSIFY SPECIFIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STARS: APPARENT MAGNITUDE (BRIGHTNESS), TEMPERATURE (COLOR), SIZE, AND LUMINOSITY (ABSOLUTE BRIGHTNESS). OBJECTIVE(S): ITEMS FOR THIS BENCHMARK WILL FOCUS ON MAIN SEQUENCE STARS AND THEIR PROPERTIES.

VIDEO CLIP Crash Course Astronomy: Stars

STUDENT THINK SHEET Star Question How does size of the Sun compare to other stars? How does the temperature of the Sun compare to other stars? What observable property of stars relates to temperature? What other terms are used to refer to the absolute brightness of a star? What determines the absolute brightness of a star? What inferences about temperature can be made based on the Sun’s color? What factors determine the apparent magnitude of a star? (as viewed from Earth) How are stars classified? What pattern(s) can be identified by looking only at main sequence stars? What is the energy source for a star’s heat and light? Answer The Sun is a mid-sized star as based on the H-R diagram The sun has a mid-range temperature (5, 200 o. K -6, 000 o. K) Color of stars relates to temperature Brightness and luminosity Size and temperature White and blue stars are hotter, yellow are mid-temperature, orange and red stars are cooler. Size, temperature, and distance from the Earth Elements they absorb and temperature Larger stars are cooler, Smaller stars are hotter, Larger stars are brighter, smaller stars are less bright Fusion of hydrogen into helium

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Most of the mass of our Solar System is contained in which of the following? A. the gas giants B. the planets C. the Sun D. rocks and debris

ANSWER C. The Sun

2. The Sun's energy and composition is provided by which of the following? A. the burning of fossil fuels within the Sun B. solar power that produces electricity in the Sun C. the Sun's magnetic field D. the fusion of hydrogen into helium

D. the fusion of hydrogen into helium

3. The observed brightness of a star depends on which factors? A. the star's temperature, size, and composition B. the star's brightness, size, and distance C. the star's shape, distance, and size D. the star's composition, shape, and temperature

ANSWER B. the star's brightness, size, and distance

4. The surface temperature of a star is indicated by which characteristic? A. shape B. absolute brightness C. color D. size

ANSWER C. color

5. Which factor is NOT used to determine a star's apparent magnitude? A. B. C. D. how big the star is how hot the star is how dense the star is how far away the star is

ANSWER C. how dense the star is

PAGE 6 TOPIC: THE ORGANIZATION OF LIVING THINGS

VIDEO CLIP Chapter 1: Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organ Systems (2 min 32 sec)

Level (smallest to largest) Description Example atom The basic building block of matter. Carbon Molecule Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. The basic unit of all living things. H 2 O A combination of similar cells that work together. A collection of tissue that works together. A collection of organs that work together. A living that has the ability to function on it’s own. Dermal Tissue Cell Tissue Organ System Organism White blood cell Heart Cardiovascular system Elephant

QUESTIONS 1. What is the smallest unit of life? Cell (to be living there must be at least 1 cell)

2. What is the smallest unit of a living organism? Cell (living organism can be made up of one or many cells)

3. How are atoms related to molecules? It takes 2 or more atoms to create a molecule.

4. How are cells related to organs? Cells make up the tissues that create organs.

5. How is a molecule like protein related to an organism? Molecules make up all matter including the proteins that create cells.

6. Do organisms work together to form another level of organization? Yes. A group of organisms would be a species, which then could make up a community.

PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Which level of organization does the stomach belong to? A. Atoms B. Cells C. Organs D. Tissues

ANSWER C. Organs

2. Which statement describes the tissue found in living organisms? A. Tissues are made up of a single type of atom. B. Tissues are arranged according to function in organs. C. Tissues are the living components that make up cells. D. Tissues are a collection of organs that have related roles.

ANSWER B. Tissues are arranged according to function in organs.

3. Which of these levels in the organization of life contains the smallest units of life? A. cells B. molecules C. organs D. tissues

ANSWER A. cells