Science And Creation Dr Heinz Lycklama heinzosta com

Science And Creation Dr. Heinz Lycklama heinz@osta. com www. osta. com/creation Frog + time (instantaneous) -> Prince = Fairy Tale Frog + time (300 million yrs. ) -> Prince = Science Dr. Gish, ICR “If I have seen further than others, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants. ” Isaac Newton. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 1

Science and Creation n n n n Assumptions and the search for truth What is science? Scientific method Origins – Evolution or Creation? Creation and Evolution models Which model best fits the facts? Basic predictions of the models Looking at the scientific evidence n n n Origin of matter, energy and natural law 1 st and 2 nd Laws of Thermodynamics Origin of Man Origin of Life – Mathematical Probability Scientific Disciplines founded by Bible-believing Scientists @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 2

Assumptions and the Search for Truth @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 3

How Our Thought System Works Assumptions (held by faith) DATA Conclusions Logical thought is the means by which we draw conclusions from the facts/data after starting with certain assumptions. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 4

Applying This Thinking to the Creation/Evolution Controversy Assumptions A Assumptions B DATA Conclusions B @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 5

The Impact of Assumptions Creator Can Act No Creator Allowed GODISNOWHERE GOD IS NOWHERE @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 6

Two Thought Systems n Creator Acted n n n Supernatural origins Purpose/design Miracle Event Creation Creator Didn’t Act n n n @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama Naturalistic origins Random chance Properties of matter Natural process Evolution 7

What Is Science? n “Operational” Science n n n Postulate theory -> make observations -> prove/falsify theory Using the Scientific Method “Origins” Science n n n Were you there at the beginning? Model of Creation Model of Evolution Which model fits the observed facts best? “Forensic” science @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 8

Scientific Method n n n Make observations Develop a hypothesis or theory that explains the observations Conduct experiments to test accuracy and predictions made by theory Draw conclusions Repeat experiments to verify results and eliminate sources of inaccuracy Report results so others can repeat the experiment(s) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 9

Theory Criteria n To apply scientific methodology, theory must meet these criteria: n n n Must be falsifiable or verifiable Must make quantifiable predictions Experimental results must be repeatable Must be as simplistic as possible with no unnecessary components (Occam’s Razor) Adherence to the methodology allows for selfcorrection and increases confidence in the assumptions made by scientific philosophy @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 10

Present + Repeatable + Observable = SCIENCE Past + Non-Repeatable + Eyewitness Account = HISTORY Past + Non-Repeatable + No Eyewitnesses = BELIEF @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 11

Origins - Evolution or Creation? n n “Science is the search for truth” Hypothesis, theory, model, law, or fact? n n n Fact – proven to be true Law – no known exception Theory – testable, falsifiable, based on empirical findings Hypothesis – provisionally explains some fact Model – simplified representation of reality Which is Evolution? Creation? n A model – let’s see why … @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 12

Models of Origins n n n We can neither observe nor repeat “origins” Origins “theories” cannot be tested or proven We have two models (not theories) of origins n n n Creation and Evolution Models can be compared as to their respective capacities for correlating observable data Evolutionists regard evolution as “a proven fact” n n n They believe that evolutionism is science and that creationism is religion Evolutionists are unable to prove evolution Thousands of scientists believe in creation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 13

Creation Model n n Involves a process of special creation in the beginning All the basic laws and categories of nature brought into existence by special creative processes which are no longer in operation today Distinct kinds exist today as they have existed in the past Processes of creation replaced by processes of conservation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 14

Evolution Model n n n Explains origin, development and meaning of all things in terms of natural laws and processes which operate today as they have in the past No extraneous processes requiring an external agent (i. e. a Creator) are permitted The universe in all respects evolves itself into higher levels of order (particles to people), elements -> complex chemicals -> simple living systems -> complex life -> man @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 15

@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 16

Testing Origins Models n Creation cannot be proved: n n Not happening now, so far as can be observed The scientific method cannot repeat Creation Cannot ascertain whether Creation took place (except through divine revelation) Evolution cannot be proved: n n n Operates too slowly to be measurable, if it is taking place The scientific method cannot be used to measure it Small variations in organisms, observed today, are not relevant (can’t be used to distinguish between creation and evolution) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 17

Two Models of Origins Evolution Model Creation Model Naturalistic Supernaturalistic Self-contained Externally directed Non-purposive Purposive Directional (increasing complexity) Directional (decreasing order) Irreversible Universal Uniformitarianism (the present is the key to the past) Completed, Catastrophism @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 18

Which Model Best Fits The Facts? n n n Creation and Evolution are the only two models of origins Both models should be considered as equal alternatives and evaluated objectively in terms of their relative abilities to correlate and explain scientific data The model that incorporates the most data and has the smallest number of unresolved issues is the most likely to be true @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 19

Basic Assumptions of Creationism n n n n The Bible is the inerrant Word of God is Creator Man is created Man is fallen and dependent on God Creation is dependent on God reveals Himself in Scripture (Special Revelation) God reveals Himself in nature (General Revelation) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 20

Basic Assumptions of Evolution n n n Non-living things gave rise to living matter, i. e. spontaneous generation occurred once Viruses, bacteria, plants and animals are related Protozoa (single-celled life forms) gave rise to metazoa (multiple-celled life forms) Various invertebrate phyla are interrelated The invertebrates gave rise to vertebrates Within the vertebrates the fish gave rise to amphibia, the amphibia to reptiles, and the reptiles to birds and animals Man evolved from ape-like ancestor @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 21

Basic Predictions of The Models Category Basic Predictions of Evolution Model Basic Predictions of Creation Model Galactic universe Galaxies changing Structure of stars Stars changing into other types Stars unchanged Other heavenly bodies Building up Breaking down Types of rock formations Different in different “ages” Similar in all “ages" Appearance of life Life evolving from non-life Life only from life Array of organisms Continuum of organisms Distinct kinds of organisms Appearance of kinds of life New kinds appearing @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama Galaxies constant No new kinds appearing 22

Basic Predictions of The Models - 2 Category Basic Predictions of Evolution Model Basic Predictions of Creation Model Mutations in organisms Beneficial Harmful Natural selection Creative process Conservative process Fossil record Innumerable transitions Systematic gaps Appearance of man Ape-human intermediates No ape-human intermediates Nature of man Quantitatively superior to animals Qualitatively distinct from animals Origin of civilization Slow and gradual Contemporaneous with man @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 23

Looking At The Scientific Evidence n n n Origin of matter, energy and natural law Origin of the solar system Teleology – study of evidences of design in nature, e. g. Anthropic Principle Classification of biological organisms Natural selection and mutations (vestigial organs) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 24

More on the Scientific Evidence n n n Origin of man Origin of life – probability The fossil record Geologic ages – Uniformitarianism vs. Catastrophism Age of the world (earth/universe) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 25

#1 - Origin of Matter, Energy & Natural Law n Evolution model predicts: n Matter, energy and laws could still be changing n n n Might have evolved in the past since there is no external agent to bring evolution to a stop Systems can evolve to higher levels of complexity Creation model predicts: n n Basic laws would not now be changing Fundamental nature of matter and energy would not now be changing Finished in the past, conserved in the present Matter should go from order to disorder @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 26

The Laws of Nature n Everything in the universe is bound by laws n n n Physics, chemistry, mathematics, life, logic Universal constants, planetary motion Laws of nature are uniform throughout the universe Explain the logical orderly state of the universe Consequences of laws of nature n n n Laws require a law-giver Laws of nature are consistent with creation Laws of nature make science possible! “ordinances of heaven and earth” Jer. 33: 25 @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 27

The Laws of Physics n Describe behavior of universe at its most fundamental level n n n How the universe operates today How light propagates How energy is transported How gravity operates How mass moves through space Mathematical in nature n n F = ma E = mc**2 [acceleration of mass] [conservation of energy] @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 28

The Laws of Physics - 2 n Universal constants n n Strength of fundamental forces, e. g. gravity Mass of fundamental particles, e. g. electron Electromagnetic coupling constant makes molecules possible Anthropic Principle n n Laws of physics fine-tuned for human life Derived laws of physics and chemistry @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 29

Laws of Chemistry n Life requires a specific chemistry n n n Laws of chemistry just right for life n n Depend on laws of physics Hydrogen and Oxygen react to form water n n Human body depends on chemical reactions Information stored on long molecule – DNA Special properties, e. g. ice floats Elements organized into periodic table n n Properties of elements and compounds Outermost electrons determine physical characteristics of the atom @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 30

@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 31

Laws of Planetary Motion n Kepler discovered that planets in our solar system obey three laws of nature n n n Planets orbit in ellipses Planets sweep out equal areas in equal times Exact mathematical relationship between planet’s distance from the sun and its orbital period, i. e. p**2 = a**3 Kepler’s laws also apply to orbit of moons Laws of planetary motion are derived from laws of gravity and motion (Newton) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 32

Laws of Mathematics n Laws of physics are highly mathematical in nature n n Laws and principles of mathematics n n Would not work otherwise Addition, multiplication, transitive, etc. Commutative properties of addition/multiplication Binomial theorem Laws of mathematics n n Abstract, not attached to any specific part of the universe A “transcendent truth”, not part of the physical universe “Mathematics is the language in which the gods talk to people. ” Plato @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 33

Nature of Mathematical Laws n Secular view of law of mathematics n n n Cannot account for the laws Not part of the physical universe Christian view of law of mathematics n n n God’s nature is logical and mathematical Any created universe is mathematical in nature There is a God beyond the universe Mathematics reflects the thoughts of God Mathematics illustrates God’s immutability Discovered by human beings, not invented “Thinking God’s thoughts after Him. ” Kepler @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 34

Laws of Logic n n n Transcendent truths Depended on by the laws of nature Law of non-contradiction n Make reasoning possible n n Cannot have both “A” and “not A” at the same time and in the same relationship God cannot contradict Himself, Num. 23: 19 God is logical Reflect God’s nature Man, created in God’s image, instinctively knows the laws of logic Secularist cannot account for these laws @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 35

More On The Natural Laws n The first two laws of thermodynamics are constant: 1. 2. n Other constant laws include: n n The total energy of any system remains the same The entropy of a system increases over time Law of gravity Conservation of momentum Conservation of electric charge Did natural laws evolve? n n There is no evidence of this Laws of nature are uniform throughout the cosmos @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 36

The 2 nd Law of Thermodynamics n n 2 nd Law - The entropy of a system increases with time Entropy is defined as “a measure of the quantity of energy not capable of conversion into work” 2 nd Law holds in the fields of classical thermodynamics (unavailability of energy for further work), statistical thermodynamics (decreased order of the system’s structure), as well as in informational thermodynamics (lost/distorted information) Creation predicts and is supported by the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics Let’s see what Dr. Gish [ICR] has to say … @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 37

Asimov’s Definition of 2 nd Law n “Another way of stating the Second Law, then, is: n ‘The universe is constantly getting more disorderly’. ” Asimov, Isaac. 1970. In the game of energy and thermodynamics you can’t even break even. Smithsonian 1 (August): 10. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 38

Asimov’s Definition of 2 nd Law n n “Viewed that way, we can see the Second Law all about us. We have to work hard to straighten a room, but left to itself, it becomes a mess again very quickly and very easily. Even if we never enter it, it becomes dusty and musty. ” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 39

Asimov’s Definition of 2 nd Law n “In fact, all we have to do is nothing, and everything deteriorates, collapses, breaks down, wears out, all by itself – and that is what the Second Law is all about. ” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 40

More on the 2 nd Law n All things left to themselves always tend to go from the complex to the simple, from the organized to the disorganized. n Evolution would require just the opposite… the continual building up from the simplest to the more complex forms. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 41

@ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 42

The Biologist’s Problem n “…the apparent contradiction by evolution of the second law of thermodynamics. n Systems should decay through time, giving less, not more, order. ” Lewin, Roger. 1982. A downward slope to great diversity. Science 217 (24 September): 1239. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 43

The Evolutionist’s Response n “One legitimate response to this challenge is that life on earth is an open system with respect to energy and therefore the process of Evolution sidesteps the law’s demand for increasing disorder with time. ” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 44

More on the 2 nd Law n Entropy (simplicity) increases in a closed system. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 45

2 nd Law and Open Systems Entropy normally increases more rapidly in a system open to the influx of external energy @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 46

Increasing Complexity n Conditions for increasing complexity in an Open System: 1. 2. n n Open system Available energy Note: These two conditions are satisfied by all systems on earth Therefore, though necessary, they are not sufficient conditions @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 47

Storage Required 3. Mechanism for storing and a. b. c. converting incoming energy Photosynthesis in plants Metabolism in animals Machinery in artificial construction @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 48

Program Required 4. Program to “direct” the growth of complexity n Examples: a. b. “Genetic code” in DNA of living systems “Plans and specifications” for construction of an artificial system @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 49

Insufficiency of External Energy n “…the simple expenditure of energy is not sufficient to develop and maintain order. A bull in a china shop performs work, but he neither creates nor maintains organization. The work needed is particular work; it must follow specifications; it requires information on how to proceed. ” Simpson, George. G. , and William Beck. 1965. Life: An introduction to biology. 2 d ed. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World Pub. Co. p. 466. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 50

Conditions For Increasing Complexity in an Open System n Necessary, but not sufficient conditions: 1. Open System 2. Available Energy n Additional requirements: 3. Mechanism for storing and converting incoming energy 4. Program (to “direct” the growth of complexity) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 51

#6 - The Origin of Man n Evolution model predicts: n n n Molecules -> man Man evolved from an ape-like ancestor Creation model predicts: n Man’s appearance has remained largely the same @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 52

Famous “Hominid” Fossils n n n Neanderthal Man – 1856 Java Man – 1891 Piltdown Man – 1908 Nebraska Man – 1922 Ramapithecus – 1930 Lucy - 1974 @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 53

Neanderthal Man n Fossil fragments first found in France – 1856 n n Neanderthal Man’s Site in Krapina, 1899 -1999 Another almost complete skeleton found in 1908 n n Skull cap and some limb bones Diagnosed as human with deformed vertebrae Reconstructed by Marcelle Boule to look ape-like Based on pre-conceived evolutionary notions Faulty reconstruction recognized in 1957 Neanderthal is now known to be fully human with a bone deformity n School textbooks still portray as man’s ancestor @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 54

Java Man n Discovered by Eugene Dubois in 1891 n n n In 1940 Dubois admitted n n Ape-like skull cap, and 3 teeth later on Brain size of 900 cc (2/3 of ave. man) Human-like thigh bone found 50 feet away one year later Assumed they went together Fossils dated at 500, 000 years (guesswork based on assumed evolutionary model) He found two human skulls in same area as the human thigh bone – 30 years later Java Man now regarded as an artificial construct n Still in textbooks as support for evolution @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 55

Piltdown Man n Fossil fragments found in 1908 n n n Part of a human skull and part of a lower ape-like jaw Estimated to be 500, 000 years old Discovered to be a fraud in 1953 n Lower jaw and tooth were from orangutan n Tooth had been filed Parts of lower jaw broken to hide the fact that it did not fit with the skull Skull was dated at ~620 years old and dyed to appear old @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 56

Nebraska Man n Discovered in 1922 Dated to be one million years old Fossil was only a single tooth n n n Complete model of Nebraska Man, his family and environment was constructed Tooth discovered to be pig’s tooth in 1928 Still cited as evidence for evolution in the 1940’s @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 57

Ramapithecus n Found in India in 1930’s n n n More fossil evidence found in 1970’s n n Considered a human ancestor Based on some jaw fragments and a few teeth Baboons in Ethiopia have same teeth structure as Ramapithecus Now discarded as a possible “missing link” n Had been published as factual evidence of human evolution worldwide @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 58

Lucy n Discovered in 1974 by Donald Johanson n Evidence: n n 40% complete skeleton Dated at 3. 5 million years old Arm/leg ratio of 83. 9 % Hip/pelvis – walked upright Knee joint – walked upright Observations: n n n Fingers long and curved (for climbing) Shoulder blade like gorilla Brain size of chimpanzee @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 59

Lucy - Reconstructed n Digging deeper, we find that: n n Leg bone broken in two places and one end was crushed -> this invalidates the ratio Hip/pelvis was incomplete, and thus reshaped to make it look as if it walked upright Knee joint was found over one mile away and 200 feet deeper in strata from rest of bones Fossil remains of two different creatures fitted to form a make-believe creature @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 60

Lord Zuckerman Chimes In n “For example, no scientist could logically dispute the proposition that man, without having been involved in any act of divine creation, evolved from some ape-like creature in a very short space of time – speaking in geological terms – without leaving any fossil traces of the steps of the transformation. ” Zuckerman, Solly. 1971. Beyond the ivory tower: The frontiers of public and private science. New York: Taplinger Publishing Company. p. 64. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 61

Ape-Like To Man? n In a Science Digest article written by Lyall Watson, he states that: n n “The fossils that decorate our family tree are so scarce that there are still more scientists than specimens. The remarkable fact is that all the physical evidence we have for human evolution can still be placed, with room to spare, inside a single coffin. ” David Pilbeam and Steven Gould (two evolutionists) report that: n “Unfortunately, the fossil record of pongids (apes) is nonexistent, making a glaring deficiency in the whole story. ” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 62

Summary of “Hominid” Fossils n n n Neanderthal – accepted as homo sapiens Java Man – artificial construct Piltdown Man – proven to be a hoax Nebraska Man – an extinct pig Ramapithecus – an orangutan Lucy – make-believe creature Another one for the Creation Model! @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 63

#7 - Origin of Life - Probability n n What is the probability that an explosion in a junk yard would “create” a car? What is the probability of creating a Boeing airplane from such an explosion? What is the probability that 200 monkeys pawing away at a typewriter could “write” a Shakespearean play? What is the probability of a protein coming into being by chance? @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 64

Probability n n n n Chances of getting all heads in a row when flipping a coin? 1 head 2 heads in a row 3 heads in a row 1000 heads in a row n n n 1 in 2 1 in 4 1 in 8 1 in 210 (1024) or 103 1 in 2100 or 1030 1 in 21000 or 10300 @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 65

Probability & Life n A single protein: 10240 n n 400 amino acids A single cell: 1040, 000 n Spontaneous formation of life n Atoms in the universe: 1080 n Law of Probability: 1050 @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 66

Monkey Business n n Typing “Methinks it is like a weasel” from Shakespeare’s Hamlet using 27 keys Random typing by one monkey n n 1 in 27**28 or 1 in 10**40 Dawkins’ solution n n Fix each letter in place once correctly selected Type in only remaining letters Introduced “intelligence” Not random, but contrived! @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 67

Proteins and Amino Acids n Amino acids n n n Proteins - the building blocks of life n n n A few thousand types Right- and left-handed Large organic molecule Contain 100’s to a few 1000 amino acids Specified long sequences of amino acids Contain 20 different left-handed amino acids Crucial protein fact n Absence, addition, or replacement of a single amino acid in the structure of a protein causes protein to be useless @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 68

Probability of Forming one Protein n Take 200 parts and line them up in a specific order n n 200! ways of aligning these parts = 10**375 Try a new alignment 1 billion times a second Assuming 20 billion years of time, we have 20 * 10**18 seconds The probability of finding the right alignment is practically zero, i. e. 1 in 10**356 n n Anything less than 1 in 10**50 is regarded as zero probability Living organisms contain many more than 200 parts Human being contains 60+ trillion cells Only 10**80 “infinestimal” particles in the whole universe @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 69

Probability of Synthesis n Of DNA Molecule: n n n Medium protein includes about 300 amino acids Too complex to arise by chance [no matter how long the time or how big the universe] By gradual accretion n System might advance from one part to a two-part system, then to three parts, etc. Requires each step to be immediately beneficial Probability of success would be incalculably small @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 70

How Simple Can Life Be? n n Cell structure unknown by Darwin Smallest bacteria n n n 482 genes 600 types of proteins 600, 000 DNA base pairs Probability of chance formation is zero! Human genome n 3, 000, 000 base pairs @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 71

Spontaneous Formation of Life? “The likelihood of the spontaneous formation of life from inanimate matter is one to a number with 40, 000 noughts after it. It is big enough to bury Darwin and the whole theory of evolution. There was no primeval soup, neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random, they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence. ” Wickramasinghe, professor of applied mathematics and astronomy, UK @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 72

Conclusions n n n n n Laws of science consistent with Creationism Signs of intelligence in the universe The probability of life from non-life is zero Abrupt appearance of fully-formed animals The missing links are still missing Man did not evolve from apes Catastrophism explains the “geologic column” There is NO credible evidence for evolution! Science supports Creationism @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 73

Scientific Disciplines Established by Bible-Believing Scientists Discipline Scientist Astronomy Johann Kepler (1571 -1630) Bacteriology Louis Pasteur (1822 -1895) Chemistry Robert Boyle (1627 -1691) Computer Science Dynamics Charles Babbage (1792 -1871) Isaac Newton (1642 -1727) Electrodynamics Clerk Maxwell (1831 -1879) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 74

Scientific Disciplines Established by Bible-Believing Scientists - 2 Discipline Scientist Electromagnetics Michael Faraday (17911867) Natural History John Ray (1627 -1705) Oceanography Matthew Maury (1806 -1873) Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus (17071778) Thermodynamics Lord Kelvin (1824 -1907) @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 75

More Information n ICR – Institute for Creation Research n n n Answers in Genesis n n www. creationresearch. org Publication of peer-reviewed creation articles Dr. Heinz Lycklama’s Lectures n n www. answersingenesis. org Books, seminars, articles on Creation Research Society n n www. icr. org Acts and Facts articles on Creation www. osta. com/creation & www. osta. com/apologetics True Origin Archive n n www. trueorigin. org Exposing the myth of evolution @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 76

Thank you for your attention! Dr. Heinz Lycklama heinz@osta. com www. osta. com/creation www. osta. com/apologetics @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 77

Creation Organizations n ICR – Institute for Creation Research n n www. icr. org Books by Henry Morris (founder), e. g. n n n The Genesis Flood The Genesis Record The Modern Creation Trilogy Acts and Facts articles on Creation Answers in Genesis n n n www. answersingenesis. org Founded by Ken Ham Books, seminars, articles on Creation @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 78

Creation Organizations - 2 n Creation Evidence Museum n n n Creation Moments n n n www. creationevidence. org Dinosaurs and human tracks www. creationmoments. com Radio spots Creation Research Society n n www. creationresearch. org Publication of peer-reviewed creation articles @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 79

Creation Organizations - 3 n Center For Scientific Creation n Creation Science Evangelism n n n www. creationscience. com “In The Beginning” Book by Walt Brown, Ph. D. www. drdino. com Videos, seminars Discovery Institute n n www. discovery. org Intelligent Design “Think Tank” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 80

Important Books n n n n n The Genesis Record, Dr. Henry Morris The Genesis Flood, Dr. John Whitcomb & Dr. Henry Morris The Collapse of Evolution, Scott Huse The Lie: Evolution, Ken Ham Refuting Evolution, Dr. Jonathan Sarfati Evolution: The Fossils Still Say No!, Dr. Duane Gish Scientific Creationism, Dr. Henry Morris Dinosaurs by Design, Dr. Duane Gish Genetic Entropy & the Mystery of the Genome, Dr. J. C. Sanford @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 81

More Important Books n n n n n The Young Earth, Dr. John Morris Science and the Bible, Dr. Henry Morris Tornado in a Junkyard, James Perloff In The Beginning, Dr. Walt Brown Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, Michael Denton Darwin on Trial, Dr. Phillip Johnson Darwin’s Black Box, Dr. Michael Behe Design Inference, Dr. William Dembski Icons of Evolution, Dr. Jonathan Wells @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 82

Yet More Important Books n n n n n The Battle for the Beginning, Dr. John Mac. Arthur Total Truth, Nancy Pearcey The Design Revolution, Dr. William Demski The Origin of Species Revisited, W. R. Bird It Matters What We Believe, Mike Riddle The Evolution of a Creationist, Jobe Martin Grand Canyon (a different view), Tom Vail In Six Days, Dr. John Ashton Starlight and Time, Dr. Russell Humphreys Starlight, Time and the New Physics, De. John Hartnett @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 83

Backup Slides @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 84

Conceptual Systems of Science n n Cause and Effect - an omnipotent Creator is an adequate cause for all observable effects in the universe Energy Conservation – energy can be converted from one form into another, but can neither be created nor destroyed Classification and Order - table of chemical elements, biological taxonomy, hierarchy of star types. All entities are in a state of flux in the evolution model Processes - all processes are well-defined and orderly. If not, there is no point to scientific study. Creation predicts “purpose” and “meaning” These systems all favor the creation model! @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 85

Conceptual Systems of Science - 2 n Forces and Fields - types of forces in nature (electromagnetic, gravitational, nuclear and weak) have always acted the same from the beginning n n n These forces did not evolve Environmental Interdependence – the environment coupled with natural selection constitutes a powerful mechanism to conserve the created kinds and balance of nature Energy Decay – changes always tend to go in a “downward” direction such that there results a net decrease in the “availability” of the converted energy for further useful work These systems all favor the creation model! @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 86

Comments on n n nd 2 Law “… all real processes go toward a condition of greater probability. The probability function generally used in thermodynamics is entropy. … the smaller the number of possible arrangements the less the entropy. If there is only one place for each thing… the entropy is zero; if the system is highly random… the entropy is a large number. Thus orderliness is associated with low entropy; randomness with high entropy. In the systems we ordinarily study there a large number of possible arrangements so the entropy is a large number. The second law of thermodynamics says that left to itself any isolated system will go toward greater entropy, which also means toward greater randomness and greater likelihood. ” Blum, Harold 1955. Perspectives in Evolution, American Scientist 43. @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 87

Asimov’s Definition of 1 st Law n n “To express all this, we can say: ‘Energy can be transferred from one place to another, or transformed from one form to another, but it can be neither created nor destroyed’. ” “Or we can put it another way: ‘The total quantity of energy in the universe is constant. ’ n n When the total quantity of something does not change, we say that it is conserved. ” “The two statements given above, then, are two ways of expressing ‘the law of conservation of energy. ’ n This law is considered the most powerful and most fundamental generalization about the universe that scientists have ever been able to make. ” @ Dr. Heinz Lycklama 88