AIMS AND OBJECTS OF CREATION OF PAKISTAN Setting

AIMS AND OBJECTS OF CREATION OF PAKISTAN

Setting up for a free Islamic Country • The main objective of creation of pakistan was to establish a free islamic society having its own identity and government, practicing its own social principles and religion and inviting the muslim world

Two nation vs one theory Two nation theory One nation 1) One country pakistan 2) second country hindustn One country hindustan 1)One nation muslim 2) second nation hindu One nation hindu 1) One language urdu 2) second language hindi One language hindi 1) One religion islam 2) second religion hinduism One religion hinduism 1) One constitution islam 2) second constitution philosophy of gandhi One constitution philosophy of gandhi

Two nation vs one theory • The Two Nation theory in its simplest way means the cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Sub Continent. These differences of out look, in fact, were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of subcontinent into two independent states.

Two nation vs one theory • Quaid-e-Azam believed that Congress and Hindus would never recognize the rights of Muslims. Jinnah declared while representing the Muslims in the Second Round Table Conference in 1913: “The Hindu Muslim dispute must be settled before the enforcements of any system or constitution. Until you do not give guarantee for the safeguard of the Muslim interests, until you do not win their (Muslims) co-operations, any constitution you enforce shall not consist for even 24 hours. ”

Two nation theory • Sir. Syed Ahmad Khan was the first Muslim leader who propounded this theory. In the beginning he was a staunch advocate of Hindu Muslim unity. Later on while observing the prejudice Hindu and congress attitude toward the Muslims, he came forward with his two nation concept and declared that the Muslims were a separate nation Having their own culture and civilization

Establishment of Islamic democracy • Islam has given an ideal concept off democracy which is distinctively different from the western concept. In Islam democratic system everyone is equal and no one enjoys a privileged position on the basis of his social status. One of the main objectives of the freedom movement was that the Muslims of the sub-continent wanted a country where the ideal system of Islamic democracy could be installed.

Establishment of Islamic democracy(cont) • About Quaid Azam concepts they refer some of his following like statements. We have to fight a double edged battle, one against the Hindu Congress and the British Imperialists, both of them being capitalists. The Muslims demand Pakistan where they could rule according to their own code of life and according to their own cultural growth, traditions and Islamic laws. ” (speech at the Frontier Muslim League Conference on November 21, 1945)

Protection of Muslim culture and civilization • The Muslims were always a separate nation because of their distinctive cultural values and patterns. They were easily distinguishable from other nations on the basis of their social behaviours. The Muslim culture, civilization and literature were the living and proud symbols of the Muslims identity as a separate and distinct nation. Although the Muslims lived with Hindus and other nations for centuries, yet they proudly main tend their separate image.

Diffrence between Muslim and Hindu culture Hinduism Muslim PLACE OF WORSHIP Temple (Mandir) Mosque/masjid, any place which is clean. LIFE AFTER DEATH A constant cycle of reincarnation until enlightenment is reached. A Muslim and all the beings will be accountable to Allah Almighty on the Day of Judgement PRINCIPLE To follow dharma, i. e. eternal laws Say, "He is Allah , [who is] One, Allah , the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent. " - Quran: Surah Al Ikhlas RITES Some Hindus believe in a Five pillars: Prayer, "thread ceremony" for men. purification, funerals, circumcision, sharing of animals in thanksgiving, Quran recitation, marriage.

SUMMRY • 1. Hindus are the people who follow the practices and beliefs of Hinduism while Muslims are those that follow Islam. 2. Hindus believe in many gods while Muslims believe in only one God, Allah. 3. Hindus don’t eat cows while Muslims don’t eat pigs. 4. Hindus believe in rebirth or reincarnation while Muslims believe in the separation of the soul and body after death. 5. Muslims observe many religious practices like the namaz, roza, and shahadah. •

Protection of urdu language • This situation provoked the Muslims to come out in order to protect the importance of the Urdu language. The opposition by the Hindus towards the Urdu language made it clear to the Muslims of the region that Hindus were not ready to tolerate the culture and traditions of the Muslims. Hindus began to demand that Hindi should be made an official language in place of Urdu, and they started a movement in Banaras in which they demanded the replacement of Urdu with Hindi

Protection of urdu language • In 1867, some Hindus in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during the British Raj in India began to demand that Hindi be made an official language in place of Urdu. Babu Shiva Prasad of Banares was one of the early proponents of the Nagari script. In a Memorandum on court characters written in 1868, he accused the early Muslim rulers of India forcing them to learn Persian. In 1897, Madan Moha Malaviya published a collection of documents and statements titled Court character and primary education in North Western Provinces and Oudh, in which, he made a compelling case for Hindi.

Protection of urdu language • " Speaking to Mr. Shakespeare, the governor of Banaras, after the language controversy heated up, he said "I am now convinced that the Hindus and Muslims could never become one nation as their religion and way of life was quite distinct from one and other. "

Protection of Urdu language • Sir Syed later said "now I am convinced that both these communities will not join whole heartedly in anything. At present there is no open hostility between the two communities but it will increase immensely in the future.

Establishment of a balanced economic system • The economic condition of the Muslims, before partition was deplorable. The Muslims were not in a position to enter in the business and trade because of biased policy of government. After the war of Independence of 1857, the British Government had banned Muslims entry into government service. The Muslims also lagged behind in the field of education, the Hindus on the other hand had advanced in modern knowledge and were in a better position.

Protection of Muslim image and identity • In the United India the Muslims were dominated by the Hindus in every social field. The Muslims were not in a position to compete with the Hindus because of their backwardness in education and politics. The Hindus had adopted a prejudicial attitude which blocked all channels to prosperity and progress for the Muslims. The national image and identity of the was in great jeopardy because of the Hindu hatred antagonism

Objectives Resolution and 22 Points of Ulama • The first attempt to establish Islamic Sharia in Pakistan was made by adopting the Objectives Resolution on March 12 th, 1949. In the very next year, that is in 1950, thirty one (31) leading and eminent Ulema and scholars of various sects and schools of Islamic jurisprudence AGREED on 22 basic points for the country’s constitution.

• Even today these 22 points can be used as a basis for establishing Shariah in the country. There are various proposals among these 22 points which can produce a just and pious society.

Following is the list of Ulama who documented the 22 points dossier: (1) Allama Sayyid Suleiman Nadwi (President, Majlis-e-Haza) (2) Maulana Sayyid Abul A’la Maududi (Ameer, Jamate-e-Islami Pakistan) (3) Maulana Shams-ul-Haq Afghani (Minister for Education, State of Qalat) (4) Maulana Badar Alam (Ustaaz-ul-Hadees, Tando Allah Yar, Sindh) (5) Maulana Ihtisham-ul-Haq Thanwi (Administrator, Dar-ul-Uloom Al Islamia, Ashraf-Abad, Sindh) (6) Maulana Muhammad Abdul Hamid Qadri, Badyouni (President, Jamiat-Ulema Pakistan) (7) Mufti Muhammad Shafi (Member Board of Islamic Education, Constituent Assembly Pakistan) (8) Maulana Muhammad Idris Kandhalwi (Sheikh-ul-Jamia, Jamia Abbasiya, Bahalwpur) (9) Maulana Khair Muhammad (Administrator, Madrasa Khair-ul-Madaris, Multan city) (10) Maulana Mufti Muhammad Hassan (Administrator, Madrasa Ashrafiya, Neela Gunbad, Lahore)

(11) Peer Sahab Muhammad Ameen-ul-Hasanaat (Manki shareef, Sarhad) (12) Maulana Yusuf Binori (Shiekh-ul-Tafseer, Ashraf Abad, Sindh) (13) Haji Khadim-ul-Islam Muhammad Ameen (Al Mujahid-Abad, Peshawar) Khalifa Haji Tarang Zai (14) Qazi Abdul Samad Sarbaazi (Qazi Qalaat, Balochistan) (15) Maulana Athar Ali (President Jamiat-Ulema Islam, East Pakistan) (16) Maulana Abu ja’far Muhammad Saleh (Ameer Hizbullah, East Pakistan) (17) Maulana Raghib Hassan (Vice President Jamiat-Ulema Islam, East Pakistan) (18) Maulana Muhammad Habib-ur-Rehman (Sarseena Shareef, East Pakistan) (19) Maulana Muhammad Ali Jalandhri (Majlis Ihrar-e-Islam, Pakistan) (20) Maulana Dawud Ghaznavi (President Jamiat Ahl-e-Hadees, West Pakistan) (21) Mufti Jafar Hussein Mujtahid (Member Board of Islamic Education) (22) Mufti Hafiz Kifayat Hussein Mujtahid (Supreme Organization for Protection of Rights of Shia-e-Pakistan, Lahore)

(23) Maulana Muhammad Ismail (Nazim Jamiat Ahl-e-Hadees, Gujranwala, Pakistan) (24) Maulana Habibullah (Jamia Deeniya Dar-ul-Huda, Therhy, Khairpur Mir) (25) Maulana Ahmad Ali (Ameer Anjuman Khuddam-ul-Deen Sheranwala Darwaza, Lahore) (26) Maulana Muhammad Sadiq (Administrator, Madrasa Mazhar-ul-Uloom, Khadda, Karachi) (27) Professor Abdul Khaliq (Member Board of Islamic Education) (28) Maulana Shams-ul-Haq Fareed Puri (Main Administrator, Madrasa Ashraf-ul-Uloom, Dhaka) (29) Maulana Mufti Sahab Dad (Madrasat-ul-Islam, Karachi, Sindh) (30) Maulana Muhammad Zafar Ahmad Ansari (Sec. Board of Islamic Education, Constituent Assembly, Pakistan) (31) Peer Sahab Muhammad Hashim Mujaddadi (Tando Sayeen Daad, Sindh)

Twenty-Two Agreed Points for Islamic Constitution (1) ALLAH (SWT) is the REAL Sovereign and Lord of this universe. (2) The Law of the country shall be based on Quran and Sunnah and neither any law shall be enacted nor any Administrative injunction shall be laid down that is repugnant to Quran and Sunnah. (3) This country shall not be based on any geographical, racial, linguistic or any other concepts but on those principles and aims which are based on the code of life laid down by Islam.

(4) It shall be the obligation of Islamic state to establish the goods defined by Quran and Sunnah, suppress the wrongs and arrange for the revival and supremacy of Islamic beliefs and for the necessary education of established Islamic sects according to their understandings of religion. (5) It shall be the obligation of Islamic state to strengthen the unity and brotherhood among all the Muslims of the world. It shall get rid of all the means that may give rise to differences among the Muslim citizens of the state due to ignorant prejudices of racism, linguistics, regionalism or any other sort of discrimination and ensure the stability of unity among the Islamic community.

(6) State shall sponsor, without any religious, race or other discrimination, the basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, health and education for all such people who cannot earn their livelihood or cannot do so temporarily due to unemployment, illness or other reasons. (7) Citizens of the country shall enjoy all the rights laid down for them in Islamic Sharia. It means protection of life, property and dignity within the Law, freedom of religion and sect, freedom to worship, freedom of caste, freedom of expression, freedom to move, freedom to gather, freedom to earn livelihood, equal opportunity to progress and right to get benefits from social organizations.

(8) None of the above-mentioned rights of any citizen shall be suppressed at any time without any legitimate reason according to Islamic Law and none shall be punished for any accusation of crime without provision of an opportunity to defend and without a judicial decision. (9) The established Islamic sects shall enjoy complete religious freedom within the prescribed boundaries and Law. They shall have the right to educate their followers on their religion. The decisions related to their personal affairs shall be made according to their religious jurisprudence and it shall be suitable to make an arrangement that their own judges make such decisions.

(10) The non-Muslim citizens of the state shall enjoy complete freedom, within the prescribed boundaries and Law, to practice their religion, worship, culture, religious education and they will have the right to get decisions on their personal affairs according to their religious law or traditions. (11) It shall be mandatory to abide by the agreements made, with non-Muslim citizens of the state, within the boundaries of Sharia. Both the Muslim and non-Muslim citizens shall have equal civic rights as mentioned above in clause no. 7. (12) It shall be mandatory for the President of the country to be a male Muslim whose trustworthiness, capability and decision-making enjoys the confidence of people or their elected representatives.

(13) The president of the state shall be actually responsible for administering the state. However he can delegate any part of his authority to a person or an organization. (14) The government of the President shall not be autocratic but consultative. It implies that he shall execute his duties after consultation with the members of government and the elected representatives of the people. (15) The President shall have no right to govern without the help of consultation after suspending the constitution partially or completely.

(16) The organization that shall elect the President shall also have the right to remove him with majority votes. (17) The President of the state shall have the same civil rights as general Muslims and shall not be immune to impeachment. (18) Same law shall be applied to the members and workers of the government and the citizens and the general courts shall implement it. (19) The judiciary shall be separate and independent from the administration so that the judiciary does not get influenced by the administration in performing its duties.

(20) It shall be prohibited to preach or promote any of such thoughts and ideologies, which may be destructive to the basic principles of the Islamic state. (21) The various provinces and parts of the country shall be considered the Administrative Units of one state. Their status shall not be racial, linguistic or tribal entities but shall be of administrative territories, which may be delegated administrative authorities under the central dominion keeping in view the administrative convenience but they shall not have right to disintegrate from the centre. (22) Any interpretation of the Constitution that is against Quran and Sunnah shall not be valid.

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