Leishmaniasis Promastigotes of Leishmania Amastigote of Leishmania The
- Slides: 31
Leishmaniasis
Promastigotes of Leishmania Amastigote of Leishmania
The life cycle of Leishmania
Leishmania Parasites and Diseases SPECIES Leishmania tropica* Leishmania major* Leishmania aethiopica Leishmania mexicana Disease Cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania braziliensis Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmania donovani* Leishmania infantum* Leishmania chagasi Visceral leishmaniasis * Endemic in Saudi Arabia
World distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis
Sand fly
Amastigotes of Leishmania
Promastigotes of Leishmania
lesion
lesion
Clinical types of cutaneous leishmaniasis • Leishmania major: Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: wet lesions with severe reaction • Leishmania tropica: Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: Dry lesions with minimal ulceration Oriental sore (most common) classical selflimited ulcer
Uncommon types • Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL): Caused by L. aethiopica, diffuse nodular nonulcerating lesions. Low immunity to Leishmania antigens, numerous parasites. • Leishmaniasis recidiva (lupoid leishmaniasis): Severe immunological reaction to leishmania antigen leading to persistent dry skin lesions, few parasites.
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis recidiva
cutaneous leishmaniasis Diagnosis: • Smear: Giemsa stain – microscopy for LD bodies (amastigotes) • Biopsy: microscopy for LD bodies or culture in NNN medium for promastigotes
NNN medium
Pentostam ( sodium stibogluconate) for treatment of all types of leishmaniasis
Visceral leishmaniasis • • There are geographical variations. The diseases is called kala-azar Leishmania infantum mainly affect children Leishmania donovani mainly affects adults
Presentation • Fever • Splenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly • Weight loss • Anaemia • Epistaxis • Cough • Diarrhoea
Untreated disease can be fatal After recovery it might produce a condition called post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL)
Fever 2 times a day due to kala-azar
Hepatosplenomegaly in visceral leishmaniasis
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
Visceral leishmaniasis Diagnosis (1) Parasitological diagnosis: Bone marrow aspirate Splenic aspirate Lymph node Tissue biopsy 1. microscopy 2. culture in NNN medium
Bone marrow aspiration Bone marrow amastigotes
(2) Immunological Diagnosis: • Specific serologic tests: Direct Agglutination Test (DAT), ELISA, IFAT • r. K 39 antigen-based immunochromatographic tes. TWO LIMITATIONS FOR SEROLOGIC TESTS: – Do not diagnose relapses. – In endemic areas it is sometimes +ve in healthy individuals.
DAT test ELISA test
Antileishmanial drugs 1. Pentavalent antimonials meglumine antimoniate , sodium stibogluconate: IM IV , can be administered Intralesionally for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cardiotoxicity and sudden death are serious but uncommon side-effects. 2. Amphotericin B deoxycholate Amphotericin B is a polyene antibiotic, should always be given in hospital to allow continuous monitoring of patients. 3. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B Several formulations, they are similar to amphotericin B deoxycholate in their efficacy but are significantly less toxic. 4. Paromomycin (aminosidine) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, usually IM. A topical formulation is available for cutaneousleishmaniasis. • Pentamidine isethionate IM or IV. Severe adverse effects—diabetes mellitus, severe hypoglycaemia, shock, myocarditis and renal toxicity—limit its use. 1. Miltefosine This alkyl phospholipid (hexadecylphosphocholine) was originally 1. Miltefosine is potentially teratogenic and should not be used by pregnant women • Azoles medicines: ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole 1. These oral antifungal agents have variable efficacy in leishmaniasis treatment
Treatment Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis • • No treatment – self-healing lesions Medical: o Pentavalent antimony (Pentostam), Amphotericin B o Antifungal drugs o +/- Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infection. • Surgical: o Cryosurgery o Excision o Curettage REFERENCE : WHO (2010) Control of leishmaniasis. Report of a meeting 571 of the WHO expert committee on the control of leishmaniasis. http: //whqlibdoc. who. int/trs/WHO_TRS_949_eng. pdf
Treatment of visceral leishmanisis • Recommended treatment varies in different endemic areas: – Pentavalent antimony- sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) – Amphotericin B Treatment of complications: • Anaemia • Bleeding • Infections etc. REFERENCE : WHO (2010) Control of leishmaniasis. Report of a meeting 571 of the WHO expert committee on the control of leishmaniasis. http: //whqlibdoc. who. int/trs/WHO_TRS_949_eng. pdf
- Amastigote and promastigote
- Chagoma
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Site:slidetodoc.com
- Tarık zaher
- Leishmaniasis
- Cl
- Penyakit kala azar
- Characteristics of diptera
- Leishmaniasis
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Leishmaniasis
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Life cycle of african sleeping sickness
- Leishmania
- Protozoario leishmania
- Promastigote
- Leishmania disease
- Tricomonase vaginalis
- Leishmania
- Leishmania disease
- Leishmania
- Leishmania spp
- Flebotomo
- Diễn thế sinh thái là
- Vẽ hình chiếu vuông góc của vật thể sau
- Thế nào là giọng cùng tên? *
- Làm thế nào để 102-1=99
- Sự nuôi và dạy con của hươu
- Tỉ lệ cơ thể trẻ em
- Chúa yêu trần thế
- Lời thề hippocrates