Justice XML Defining a Framework in Justice Information

Data (What) Function (How) Network (Where) People (Who) Time (When) Motivation (Why) Objectives/ Scope

Data is Data Connectedness Intelligence Patterns Information Relationships Data Understanding All Rights Reserved: Justice.

Metadata: Data about Data that is wrapped around the data (markup): § Captures relationships/nuances

All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Why XML? § A structured language for describing a document being sent electronic by

Why XML? § Document described can be forms, web pages, reports, rap sheets, etc.

Local LE 87 + 600 Attorneys 87 + ? State & Fed LE >12

Attorneys Local LE State & Fed LE 5 10 12 Jails 6 2 Probation

Why a Justice XML Data Model? Purpose: Facilitate information sharing and integrated justice by

Justice Standard XML Data Dictionary Schema Rap. Sheet. xsd RISSIntel. xsd Court. Filing. dtd

Core Data Model Document Activity Organization Property relationships Person Metadata Contact Info Location

What Can You Do with Global Relationships? Relationships owns Discovered pattern witnessed son_of sold

Semantic Web Intelligent software agents = decision / action Intel Agents DAML+OIL RDF /

Typical Activity Objects Activity Investigate Org Incident Rpt Arrest Warrant Arrest Rpt Booking Rpt

Header Case Object Person Object Offense Object Disposition Object Commitment Object All Rights Reserved:

XML: Benefits It is FREE! Reduction in implementation cost Based on standards and practitioner

NIEM All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

NIEM Continue with GJXDM as is Global XSTF 3. N GJXDM NIEM 1. 0

NIEM Requirements from Global domain Global XSTF 3. 0. 0 3. 0. 2 3.

GJXDM Introduction to the Justice. XML Data Dictionary Schema v. 3. 0 Object Structure

Basic Concepts & Terminology § XML Types define data structure § XML Elements define

Object-Oriented Methodology: Building an Class Hierarchy and Person Type Last Name First Name Subject

Named Types vs. Elements Question: Why define standard named types? Answer: At times you

Object Model Example Super. Type is_a a b is_a Organization. Type Meta. Data. Item

Person Object Subclasses Types (NOT Elements); many elements can and will be defined with

Address Object Example to parent Address. Type type_of <Subject. Address> <Victim. Address> <Witness. Address>

Extension of the Class Hierarchy: Example in XML Schema <xsd: complex. Type name=“Person. Type”>

Other Object Subclasses Super. Type IS-A Document. Type Location. Type Arrest. Type Contact. Information.

Five Dimensions of the SEARCH Justice Information Exchange Model (JIEM) The starting point for

Justice. XML Introduction to the Justice. XML Data Dictionary Schema v. 3. 0 Semantic

ISO Standard 11179 Data Element Naming Syntax Object Class Term (leftmost) Property Term (follows

Justice. XML Introduction to the Justice. XML Data Dictionary Schema v. 3. 0 Relationships

Conceptual Data Model Represented by Justice Data Dictionary Database Subject. Type Has-Subject Property Has-Object

Conceptual Data Model Represented by Justice Data Dictionary Database Person. Type Subj Person. Name

Justice. XML Introduction to the Justice. XML Data Dictionary Schema v. 3. 0 Enumerations

One Method of Implementing External Enumerations (codes) NCIC 2000 SECTION 1 -- OUTER HULL

The Conflict The dictionary needs to be large Many different users to support n

The Solution: Customized Sub-Schemas A comprehensive set of schemas Allows you to specify what

What is XML? Header Name Object Case Object </Intro> <Ident> <Name> <Lname>Simpson</Lname><Fname>Homer</Fname> Offense Object

XML Schema Reference Hierarchy W 3 C Schema Specification Justice. XML Schema. xsd Local

Reference Architecture xmlns: xsd W 3 C XML Schema xmlns: justice ns ref Support

XML Messages All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

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Data (What) Function (How) Network (Where) People (Who) Time (When) Motivation (Why) Objectives/ Scope List of things important to the enterprise List of processes the enterprise performs List of locations where the enterprise operates List of organizational units List of business events/cycles List of business goals/strategies Conceptual Entity relationship diagram Business process model Logistics network Organization chart with roles, skill sets, security issues Business master schedule Business rules Essential data flow diagram; application architecture Distributed system architecture Human interaction architecture (roles, data, access), security requirements Dependency diagram, entity life history (process structure) Business rule model Data architecture (tables and columns); map to legacy data System design System architecture (hardware, software types) User interface (how the system will behave), security design “control flow” diagram Business rule design Data design, physical storage design Detailed Program Design Network Architecture Screens, security architecture (who can see what? ) Timing definitions Rule specification in program logic Converted data Executable programs Communications facilities Trained people, using the system Business events Enforced rules (Owners’ View) Logical (Architect’s View) Physical (Designer’s View) Build & Implement D A T Data model A (Programmer’s View) Functioning System All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Metadata: Data about Data that is wrapped around the data (markup): § Captures relationships/nuances of the data § Carries transmission data Security/Authentication § Carries triggers for Business Rules § Makes itself technologically interoperable between technologies sending and receiving (parsers) All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Why XML? § A structured language for describing a document being sent electronic by one agency to another (e. g. Arrest/ Incident Report) § Sets a standard for exchanging a document electronically § Describes the data on the document § Establishes a template for the document including organization and layout § Uses the standard data definitions from the Data Model All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Why XML? § Document described can be forms, web pages, reports, rap sheets, etc. § Not limited to textual data – photographic images, fingerprint impressions, facsimile formats and other types of data can be included in the documents § XML is in a text format that can be read by people § XML is license-free, platform-independent and well-supported § Any XML specifications will be guided by W 3 C standards. All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Local LE 87 + 600 Attorneys 87 + ? State & Fed LE >12 ? Jails 87 + ? Probation 1100+ Agencies 10? 87? >100? Prisons All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com 1. 4 MILLION Possible Interface Specs 1? Courts

Why a Justice XML Data Model? Purpose: Facilitate information sharing and integrated justice by reducing impediments, such as lack of standards, cost, and time. XML: A set of rules that specify syntax for information exchange. Justice XML: Extends XML to the justice and public safety communities by providing a standard vocabulary and semantic building blocks, which can be reused and extended by practitioner, integrator, and vendor communities.

Justice Standard XML Data Dictionary Schema Rap. Sheet. xsd RISSIntel. xsd Court. Filing. dtd Driver. History. xsd Reconcile Data Dictionary (RDD) Requirements Methodology Formal Rules Ref Architecture Standards Arrest. Warrant. xsd Incident. Report. xsd Sentence. Order. xsd Charge. Doc. xsd Justice XML Data Dictionary Schema and Registry Cri. MNet Other DDs & Data Sets Document. Spec. xsd Other. Doc. Specs. xsd XML Object Repository Document / Transactions Complex Components Simple Components Info. Tech SEARCH Justice Info Exchange Model (JIEM) Support Data Components W 3 C XML Schema

Core Data Model Document Activity Organization Property relationships Person Metadata Contact Info Location

What Can You Do with Global Relationships? Relationships owns Discovered pattern witnessed son_of sold • • • Template (known pattern) All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com Visual representation Pattern matching Search templates Belief networks Represent uncertainty Event prediction

Semantic Web Intelligent software agents = decision / action Intel Agents DAML+OIL RDF / RDFS Knowledge Layers * XML DARPA Agent Markup Language + Ontology Inference Layer = semantics / inferencing Resource Description Framework and RDF Schema = relationships EXtensible Markup Language = syntax HTML Hyper. Text Markup Language = presentation HTTP Hyper. Text Transfer Protocol = presentation TCP/IP All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol = network transmission protocols

Typical Activity Objects Activity Investigate Org Incident Rpt Arrest Warrant Arrest Rpt Booking Rpt Incident Book Loc Cnt Confine Charge Doc Sentence Case File Arrest Prosecute Indict Activity Relate Prop ? ? ? Doc. xsd Bond Adjudicate Fine Pers Sentence Incarcerate Supervise Order Protect Order Parole Pardon Release

XML: Benefits It is FREE! Reduction in implementation cost Based on standards and practitioner user requirements Broad domain: Courts, law enforcement, corrections, prosecution, intelligence, first responders Extensibility and flexibility Promotes reusable components OJP tools to help justice practitioners All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

NIEM Continue with GJXDM as is Global XSTF 3. N GJXDM NIEM 1. 0 U-Core evaluate for: Justice domain + NIEM impact 1. 0 NIEM (tactical) NIEM Steering Committee All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com Core Justice Homeland Security XSTF DMWG Other NIEM National Governance

NIEM Requirements from Global domain Global XSTF 3. 0. 0 3. 0. 2 3. 0. 3 GJXDM (operational) ATFE, ICE U. S. Marshals, BTS initialize content Service content and ID Core 0. 1 0. N 1. 0 s on d ss n e L e ear l w N e n ts e m i re Te ck other content, features, capabilities as appropriate qu set-up experimental test bed ba re Requirements from DHS + Do. J domain 0. 2 ed NIEM Steering Committee NIEM (tactical) ch in nol se o g r ti y on Key Decision Points (KDP’s) Fe 3. N 3. 1. 0 NIEM (strategic) Explore good ideas: new metadata, scope/context, taxonomies/categories, federated NIEM repository, additional domains, Web Service interfaces, collaborative tools, OWL representation, … All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Basic Concepts & Terminology § XML Types define data structure § XML Elements define data semantics XML schema: § Type § Element Concept: • Object/Class • Property XML instance: § Tag. Name § Value of Tag. Name Reality: • Instance of Class • Value of Property All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Object-Oriented Methodology: Building an Class Hierarchy and Person Type Last Name First Name Subject Type Attorney Type Judicial Type Judge Type All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com LE Type Person Type Middle Initial Hair. Color…

Named Types vs. Elements Question: Why define standard named types? Answer: At times you will want to compare (similar) object instances with different semantic meanings but with same syntax and structure. If they are of the same type then you can easily compare or operate on them. Example: Arrest. Date and Release. Date have different semantic meaning. But it is easier to compute a time interval between them if they are both of the same data type (date). Question: Why define standard elements? Answer: To discourage different element names for the same data concept (instance type). You want to recognize semantically equivalent elements (that have same meaning). Also, enables you to define standard relationships and relate data objects more easily. Examples: Are Sentencing. Order and Disposition. Order the same? How can software understand the difference between Organization. ID and Agency. ID? Question: Why is inheritance useful? Answer: Organizes objects by their common properties (elements). Allows software to treat objects with common properties in a uniform way. Object types may share a common definition (eliminates duplicate definitions). Extension mechanism for adding new properties is intuitive (the way we think). Example: Can treat all “conveyances” (vehicles) in a uniform way. All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Object Model Example Super. Type is_a a b is_a Organization. Type Meta. Data. Item 1 Conveyance. Type d Location. Type Agency. Type h i g e f Address. Type has_a Criminal. Org. Type Person. Type Last. Name First. Name Missing. Date c Missing. Person. Type Arrest. Date k is_a B Birth. Date Suspect. Person. Type A is_a C D

Person Object Subclasses Types (NOT Elements); many elements can and will be defined with these types Super. Type IS-A Person. Type IS-A Participant. Type IS-A Subject. Type All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com Person. Last. Name Person. First. Name Person. Middle. Name Person. Birth. Date Person. Physical. Description Person. Social. Identifiers Person. Biometric. Attributes Person. Contact. Information… Official. Type IS-A Enforcement. Officer. Type Judicial. Officer. Type

Address Object Example to parent Address. Type type_of <Subject. Address> <Victim. Address> <Witness. Address> is_a has_a <POBox. No> <Street. Direction> <Street. No> <Street. Name> <Street. Type> <Apartment. No> <City> <State> <Zip. Code> Type names carry generic structural and classification semantics Court. Address. Type Defense. Address. Type Prosecutor. Address. Type Element names carry specific semantics Justice. Pers. Address. Type <Judge. Address> <Court. Name> <Def. Attny. Name> <Pro. Attny. Name> <Agency. Name>

Extension of the Class Hierarchy: Example in XML Schema <xsd: complex. Type name=“Person. Type”> <xsd: sequence> <xsd: element name=“Last. Name” type=“xsd: string”/> <xsd: element name=“First. Name” type=“xsd: string”/> <xsd: element name=“Birth. Date” type=“xsd: date”/> </xsd: sequence> </xsd: complex. Type> is_a <xsd: complex. Type name=“Missing. Person. Type”> <xsd: complex. Content> <xsd: extension base=“Person. Type”> <xsd: sequence> <xsd: element name=“Missing. Date” type=“xsd: date”/> </xsd: sequence> </xsd: extension> </xsd: complex. Content> </xsd: complex. Type> All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Other Object Subclasses Super. Type IS-A Document. Type Location. Type Arrest. Type Contact. Information. Type Incident. Type Sentence. Type Disposition. Type There is no single Activity object. … Instead, there are many activity/event/process -like objects available for building schemas. All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com (activity)Type _______Type . . .

Five Dimensions of the SEARCH Justice Information Exchange Model (JIEM) The starting point for Activity objects … 1. Processes in action (state) 2. Events that trigger exchange 3. Agencies exchanging 4. Conditions of exchange 5. Information exchanged: • Documents • Data Sets • Data Elements

ISO Standard 11179 Data Element Naming Syntax Object Class Term (leftmost) Property Term (follows object class term) Vehicle. Odometer. Brand. Code Qualifier Term(s) (as necessary) Physical Name (table column name from a DB) All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com Representation Term (rightmost) Brand

Conceptual Data Model Represented by Justice Data Dictionary Database Subject. Type Has-Subject Property Has-Object XML schema: Object. Type <complex. Type name=“Person. Name. Type”> <sequence> <element name=“Person. Last. Name” type=“string”/> <element name=“Person. First. Name” type=“string”/> </sequence> </complex. Type> <element name=“Person. Name” type=“Person. Name. Type”/> XML instance: <Person. Name> <Person. Last. Name>Kindl</Person. Last. Name> <Person. First. Name>Mark</Person. First. Name> </Person. Name> All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Conceptual Data Model Represented by Justice Data Dictionary Database Person. Type Subj Person. Name Obj Subj Person. First. Name Obj Person. Name. Type string. Type Subj XML schema: Person. Last. Name Obj <complex. Type name=“Person. Name. Type”> string. Type <sequence> <element name=“Person. Last. Name” type=“string”/> <element name=“Person. First. Name” type=“string”/> </sequence> </complex. Type> <element name=“Person. Name” type=“Person. Name. Type”/> All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

One Method of Implementing External Enumerations (codes) NCIC 2000 SECTION 1 -- OUTER HULL MATERIAL (HUL) FIELD CODES The code from the list below that best describes the material of which the boat’s outer hull is made should be entered in the HUL Field. Material Code Metal (aluminum, steel, etc. ) ML Plastic (fiberglass, uniglass, etc. ) PL Wood (cedar, plywood, fir, etc. ) WD Other OT XML Instance <Boat. Hull. Material. Text code=“ML” source=“NCIC” version=“ 2000”> Rusted Iron </Boat. Hull. Material. Text> All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

The Conflict The dictionary needs to be large Many different users to support n Many different Justice domains to support n The full JXDD schema is too large Problems with loading and validation n Elements are over-inclusive n Must import entire JXDDS to use n All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

The Solution: Customized Sub-Schemas A comprehensive set of schemas Allows you to specify what you choose to import from the dictionary n Incorporates local element and type definitions n Can result in a complete set of schemas for a document or report n Establishes a set of guidelines for making customizations Designed to tailor the JXDD to individual user needs. All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

What is XML? Header Name Object Case Object </Intro> <Ident> <Name> <Lname>Simpson</Lname><Fname>Homer</Fname> Offense Object Disposition Object Commitment Object All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com <Mname>M</Mname><Suffix>Jr</Suffix> </Name> <Lname>Home</Lname><Fname></Fname> <Mname></Mname> <Suffix></Suffix> </Name> <FBI>62660 NY 12</FBI> <SID>NY 12345678></SID> <Soc. Sec. Nr>220565860</Soc. Sec. Nr>

XML Schema Reference Hierarchy W 3 C Schema Specification Justice. XML Schema. xsd Local Ext. xsd Arrest Warrant. xsd Document schema Arrest Warrant. xml Document instance Local Ext. xml Applications Code All Rights Reserved: Justice. Experts. com

Reference Architecture xmlns: xsd W 3 C XML Schema xmlns: justice ns ref Support Types Data Types that do not fit into the class hierarchy Element Names Standard Tag Names import + ns ref xmlns: xsi W 3 C XML Instance Primary Data Model -- Class Hierarchy Entity Types Document Types e. g. Arrest Warrant import + ns ref xmlns: local Local Extension namespace refs Standard_Instance. xml Local_Instance. xml