Kinematics Defining Motion http www aplusphysics comcourseshonorskinematicshonorskinematics html

Objectives and Learning Targets Understand the difference between distance and displacement and between speed

Defining Motion Position - refers to an objects location at any given point in

Sample Problem #1 On a sunny afternoon, a deer walks 1300 meters east to

Displacement Different from distance, displacement – is how far an object is from its

Sample Problem #2 A deer walks 1300 m east to a creek for a

Speed and Velocity Knowing only an object's distance and displacement doesn't tell the whole

Sample Problem #4 A deer walks 1300 m east to a creek for a

Average Velocity Average velocity, also given the symbol , is defined as displacement, or

Sample Problem #6 A deer walks 1300 m east to a creek for a

Avg. Speed vs. Avg. Velocity Notice how the answers for each are vastly different,

Sample Problem #7 Chuck the hungry squirrel travels 4 m east and 3 m

Acceleration What would happen if velocity never changed? Objects would move at the same

Acceleration This indicates that the change in velocity divided by the time interval gives

Sample Problem #8 Monty the Monkey accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity of

Rearranging Acceleration The definition of acceleration can be rearranged to provide a relationship between

Sample Problem #9 The instant before a batter hits a 0. 14 - kilogram

Sample Problem #9 Answer: Unit #2 Kinematics

+ and - Accelerations Because acceleration is a vector and has direction, it's important

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Kinematics – Defining Motion http: //www. aplusphysics. com/courses/honors/kinematics/honors_kinematics. html Unit #2 Kinematics

Objectives and Learning Targets Understand the difference between distance and displacement and between speed and velocity. Calculate distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Solve problems involving average speed and average velocity. Unit #2 Kinematics

Defining Motion Position - refers to an objects location at any given point in time. Position is a vector, and its magnitude is given by the symbol x. Distance – is how far an object travels (in one dimension at a type) from its initial position. Distance is a scalar. It has a magnitude, or size, only. The basic unit of distance is the meter (m). Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #1 On a sunny afternoon, a deer walks 1300 meters east to a creek for a drink. The deer then walks 500 meters west to the berry patch for dinner, before running 300 meters west when startled by a loud raccoon. What distance did the deer travel? Unit #2 Kinematics

Displacement Different from distance, displacement – is how far an object is from its starting point, or its change in position. The vector quantity displacement Δx = (x-x 0) describes how far an object is from its starting point, and the direction of the displacement vector points from the starting point to the finishing point. Like distance, the units of displacement are meters (m). Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #2 A deer walks 1300 m east to a creek for a drink. The deer then walked 500 m west to the berry patch for dinner, before running 300 m west when startled by a loud raccoon. What is the deer’s displacement? Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #3 Unit #2 Kinematics

Speed and Velocity Knowing only an object's distance and displacement doesn't tell the whole story. Going back to the deer example, there's a significant difference in the picture of the deer's afternoon if the deer's travels occurred over 5 minutes 300 seconds) as opposed to over 50 minutes (3000 seconds). How exactly does the picture change? In order to answer that question, you'll need to understand some new concepts – average speed and average velocity. Average speed, given the symbol , is defined as distance traveled divided by time, and it tells you the rate at which an object's distance traveled changes. When applying the formula, you must make sure that x is used to represent distance traveled. Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #4 A deer walks 1300 m east to a creek for a drink. The deer then walked 500 m west to the berry patch for dinner, before running 300 m west when startled by a loud raccoon. What is the deer's average speed if the entire trip took 600 seconds (10 minutes)? Unit #2 Kinematics

Average Velocity Average velocity, also given the symbol , is defined as displacement, or change in position, over time. It tells you the rate at which an object's displacement, or position, changes. To calculate the average velocity, you divide the displacement by time (remember it’s a vector) Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #6 A deer walks 1300 m east to a creek for a drink. The deer then walked 500 m west to the berry patch for dinner, before running 300 m west when startled by a loud raccoon. What is the deer's average velocity if the entire trip took 600 seconds (10 minutes)? Unit #2 Kinematics

Avg. Speed vs. Avg. Velocity Notice how the answers for each are vastly different, the main reason is because distance and speed are scalars; while displacement and velocity are vectors. A good way to memorize is … Speed = Scalar Velocity = Vector Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #7 Chuck the hungry squirrel travels 4 m east and 3 m north in search of an acorn. The entire trip takes him 20 seconds. Find: Chuck’s distance traveled, Chuck’s displacement, Chuck’s average speed, and Chuck’s average velocity. Unit #2 Kinematics

Acceleration What would happen if velocity never changed? Objects would move at the same speed and direction having the same kinetic energy and momentum. Acceleration – the rate at which the velocity of an object changes Unit #2 Kinematics

Acceleration This indicates that the change in velocity divided by the time interval gives you the acceleration Acceleration is a vector – it has a direction the units of acceleration are meters per second, or [m/s 2] the units mean is that velocity changes at the rate of one meter per second, every second an object starting at rest and accelerating at 2 m/s 2 would be moving at 2 m/s after one second, 4 m/s after two seconds, 6 m/s after 3 seconds, and so on Special note is the symbolism for v. The delta symbol ( ) indicates a change in a quantity, which is always the initial quantity subtracted from the final quantity. For example: Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #8 Monty the Monkey accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity of 9 m/s in a time span of 3 seconds. Calculate Monty's acceleration. Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #8 Monty the Monkey accelerates uniformly from rest to a velocity of 9 m/s in a time span of 3 seconds. Calculate Monty's acceleration. Answer: Unit #2 Kinematics

Rearranging Acceleration The definition of acceleration can be rearranged to provide a relationship between velocity, acceleration and time as follows: Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #9 The instant before a batter hits a 0. 14 - kilogram baseball, the velocity of the ball is 45 meters per second west. The instant after the batter hits the ball, the ball's velocity is 35 meters per second east. The bat and ball are in contact for 1. 0× 10 -2 second. Determine the magnitude and direction of the average acceleration of the baseball while it is in contact with the bat. Unit #2 Kinematics

Sample Problem #9 Answer: Unit #2 Kinematics

+ and - Accelerations Because acceleration is a vector and has direction, it's important to realize that positive and negative values for acceleration indicate direction only. Take a look at some examples… http: //www. aplusphysics. com/courses/honors/kinematics/hon ors_motion. html Be careful with + and – vectors. A + accelerations does not always mean moving to the right, or a – mean moving left See Phet examples Unit #2 Kinematics