Chapter 8 Tools and Materials Hand Tools Measuring

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Measuring Tools Tape Measure Plastic or metal case, appropriate for general scenic measuring Tri Square Used as a guide for marking 90 -degree angles Combination Square Used for marking 45 - and 90 -degree angles Bevel Protractor Adjustable and used for marking 0 to 90 -degree angles Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Measuring Tools Framing Square Used for checking accuracy of 90 -degree corner joints in flat construction Bevel Set Used for transferring angles from one piece of work to another Carpenter’s Level Used to determine true horizontal and vertical angles Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Marking Tools Pencils Either carpenter’s pencils or number two yellows china markers used for marking metal wax pencils for lighting color media Scribe “Scratch awl” Used for marking wood, metal, and plastic; can also be used to make starter holes Chalk line Used to mark straight lines Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Hammers Claw Hammer Designed for inserting and removing nails Rip Hammer Can be used for prying or ripping apart previously nailed wood Ball Peen Hammer Used for bending and shaping metal and seating rivets Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Hammers Mechanic’s Hammer Used for shaping metal Tack Hammer Used for inserting tacks, the face is magnetized to hold tacks in place Mallet Wooden, plastic, or metal head, they are used for driving chisels Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Saws Crosscut Saw Used to cut across the grain of wood Rip Saw Designed to cut parallel with the grain of the wood Backsaw and Miter Box Fine-toothed crosscut saw, used with the miter box for more accurate cuts Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Saws Keyhole Saw Used for making curvilinear cuts in stock lumber Coping Saw Used for making fine, curvilinear cuts in thin plywood Hacksaw Adjustable frame saw for cutting metal Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Utility Knife Used to trim excess muslin from the edges of flats as well as to cut out stencils and other lightweight cutting projects Scissors Used to cut papers and fabrics Tin Snips Used to cut thin ferrous and nonferrous strap and sheet metals Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Wood Chisel Used for gouging, paring, or smoothing wood Cold Chisel Used for cutting through, or shearing, mild steel and nonferrous metals Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Planes Block Plane Used to smooth the ends (across the grain) of boards Smoothing Plane Applied parallel to the grain of the wood Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Planes Spoke Shave Pulled across the surface of the work and used to soften or round sharp edges Surform Tools Not really a plane or a file, they are pushed across the work, cross-grain or parallel Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Files Wood Rasp Used for rough shaping of wood Wood File Used for smoothing wooden and plastic surfaces Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Cutting Tools Files Rat-Tail File Can be used with wood, plastic, and metal Metal File Has very fine teeth for use on metal Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Drilling Tools Hand Drill Used for making small-diameter holes in wood Brace Used for holes larger than ¼ inch in diameter Push Drill Designed for light usage, it can be useful for making starter holes Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Drilling Tools Bits Twist-Drill Bits Designed for use with either wood or metal Wood Bits Designed for use in wood or soft plastic, used with power hand drills or drill presses Auger Bits Used with the brace for cutting holes in wood Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Drilling Tools Bits Push-Drill Bits Very sharp points that seem to punch rather than drill holes in wood Hole Saws Used to center the saw in the work Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Carpenter’s Vice Attached to the edge of a workbench, used for holding wood Machinist’s Vice Used to clamp and hold metal Adjustable Wood Clamp Used in furniture construction Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Pipe Clamp Used to clamp furniture frames, table tops, and similar wide objects together while their glue joints dry Belt Clamp Used to clamp irregularly shaped pieces together C Clamp Used for holding work together while the parts are being assembled or while glue dries Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Pliers Slip-Joint Pliers Used for clamping, gripping, bending, cutting light wire Long-Nose Pliers Useful for holding small objects in hard-toreach places Adjustable Arc-Joint Pliers Used for holding metal pipe and tubing and other similar gripping jobs Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Pliers Locking Pliers “Vise Grip” Used to grasp, lock, and hold almost any object Diagonal Cutters Used by electricians for cutting soft wire Wire Strippers Used for stripping insulation for electrical wires Wire-Crimping Tool Used to pressure-clamp solderless connectors to electrical wire Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Wrenches Open-End Wrench Designed to fit nuts of specific standard or metric diameter Box-End Wrench Have a closed, toothed head that must be fit over the nut Adjustable-End Wrench “Crescent Wrench” It adapts to fit any small to medium sized nut Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Clamping Tools Wrenches Monkey Wrench Adjustable, used on large nuts and other work too large for the crescent wrench Pipe Wrench Used to hold or twist metal pipes Socket Set and Ratchet Handle Allows you to tighten and loosen nuts without removing the socket from the nut Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Screwdrivers Standard Screwdriver Available in a variety of sizes Philips Screwdriver Four-flanged tip allows for more rotational force Nut Driver Used for tightening small hex nuts on bolts Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Misc Hand Tools Wrecking bars Used to pry wood apart and remove nails Sandpaper Used for smoothing wood, metal, and plastic Nail puller Used for extracting nails that have been driven flush to the wood surface Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Misc Hand Tools Grommet Set Used to seat grommets on drops, stage draperies, and the like Oil Stone Used to sharpen knives, chisels, and other cutting tools Staple Gun Used for attaching muslin to flat frames and fabric to furniture Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Metalworking Hand Tools Anvil Used for bending metal Conduit Bender Used to bend thin-wall conduit Center Punch Used to make small indentations in metal, starter holes Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hand Tools: Metalworking Hand Tools Bolt Cutter Used to cut through mild-steel bolts and round stock Pipe Cutter Used to make clean, right-angle cuts through steel pipe Tap and Dies Used to cut threads on pipe and rod stock Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Stationary Power Saws Table Saw Used for ripping lumber Radial-Arm Saw Used for cross cutting and angle cutting, as well as for ripping lumber Bandsaw Used to make curvilinear cuts Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Power Handsaws Circular Saw Used for straight-line cross cutting and angle cutting, as well as ripping Saber Saw Used to make curvilinear cuts Cut Awl Used for making curvilinear cuts and intricate cuts Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Power Drilling Tools Drill Press Used to polish and sand as well as cut mortise and tenon joints for furniture construction Electric Hand Drill Used for light-duty drilling on lumber and light metals Heavy-Duty Hand Drill Used for heavier work, such as thick wood, thick mild steel, and concrete Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Battery-Powered Tools: Pneumatic Tools Pneumatic Stapler Uses air pressure to drive the staples Pneumatic Nailer Used for rapid assembly of platforms and similar structures Impact Wrench Uses air pressure to tighten or loosen nuts Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Metalworking: Welders Oxyacetylene Welder Combines oxygen and acetylene to produce a very hot flame that burns through metal Arc Welder Works by creating an electrical arc that melts the metals being welded Mig Welder An arc welder that focuses a flow of inert gas on the welding zone Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Metalworking: Soldering Equipment Pencil, gun, iron Used to bond wires together Propane Torch Used for soldering most heavy-duty scenic jobs and heating thin-gauge steel for bending and shaping Power Hacksaw Used to cut through various types of metal stock Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Metalworking Cutoff Saw Used to make either straight or angle cuts through metal stock Power Pipe Cutter Used for cutting and threading metal pipes Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Misc Router Hand-held, used for shaping wood Wood Lathe Bench-mounted, holds and spins wood rapidly for shaping and carving Bench Sander Mounted and used to bevel or smooth the surface edges of wood and some plastics Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Misc Electric Screwdriver Magnetized tip, used with Philips screws for assembling flats and platforms Bench Grinder Used for grinding and sharpening metal Hand Power Grinder Used for pieces too heavy or awkward for the bench grinder Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Power Tools: Misc Hand Power Sander Uses a rotating disk of sandpaper to sand wood, metal, and plastic Belt Sander Uses belts of sandpaper for rapid sanding of wood Hot-Melt Glue Gun Used for making rapid-hold glue bonds between just about every type of material Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials DO NOW • Take a Stagecraft Workbook from the Drama Cart. • Read Pages 63 -65. • Copy down ITALICIZED words and their meanings in Portfolios concerning – – Lumber Classification Lumber Grades Lumber Measurements Lumber By-Products Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials DO NOW • Take a Stagecraft Guidebook from the Drama Cart. • Read Pages 67 -69 • Copy down ITALICIZED words and their meanings in Portfolios concerning – – Nails Corner Fasteners Screws Bolts & Additional Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Wood: Stock Lumber A Select: Free of all knots, blemishes, erratic graining and warps B Select: Grain can be less uniform and the wood can contain more pitch C Select: Can have a few tight knots, slightly less uniform, and still more pitch Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Wood: Stock Lumber D Select: Can have more tight knots, an occasional pitch pocket, and some warping No. 1 Common: Can have knots that fall out; commonly warp and twist No. 2 Common: Knots that fall out, bark on the edges, warped and twisted Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Wood: Molding and Trim Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Wood: Sheet Stock Plywood Made by laminating several layers of wood, much stronger than solid wood Particle Board Composed of wood chips and sawdust mixed with a glue binder Heavier than plywood, but not as strong Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Wood: Sheet Stock Wafer Board Similar to particle board but lighter, cheaper, and just as strong as plywood Hardboard Called Masonite, is manufactured from wood pulp and used as a facing surface Upson Board Paper pulp and binder, fairly flexible with little strength, used to cover fairly sharply curved surfaces Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Wood Sonotube Paper tube used forming concrete; in theatre, it can also be used to make columns Manufactured Woodlike construction materials made from wood by-products Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Metal: Mild Steel Square and Rectangular Tubing The most used and useful shapes of steel, used for platform framing and flat framing Tubing or Pipe Primarily used for decorative items Channel Used in structures requiring significant strength, such as the framework for large platforms and wagons Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Metal: Mild Steel Angle Used in those situations requiring less strength, such as lightweight frames, braces, and stiffeners Strap Used to strengthen or brace existing wooden structures Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Metal: Proprietary Structural Systems Unistrut Consists of U-shaped channels of differing sizes Telespar A system of telescoping square steel tubing; can be adjusted without cutting Slotted Angle Manufactured with a variety of holes and slots punched into both faces of the stock Aluminum Not used as extensively as mild steel, more expensive and more difficult to weld; mainly used for decorative purposes Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Plastics Acrylic Used as a glass substitute and for making decorative baubles and stained glass Epoxy Most commonly used types are those for adhesives and casting resins, can be worked with either wood or metal cutting tools Fluorocarbons Teflon, makes an excellent bearing surface for turntables and for covering skids Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Plastics: Polyesters Saturated Polyesters Have a variety of uses in both scenic and costume construction, such as stage mirrors Unsaturated Polyesters Can be used in casting or to create fiberglass Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Plastics Polyethylene Available in film and foam, can be used for such things as drop cloths and projection screens Polystyrene Styrofoam, used for making decorative trim Polyvinyl Chloride PVC pipe, can be used for a variety of decorative scenic purposes Urethanes Commonly used for cushions and padding in furniture Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners: Nails Common Nail Large head, thick shank, used for heavier general construction Box Nail Narrower shaft that reduces the chance of splitting lumber Coated Box Nail Even narrower shaft, coated with an adhesive that bonds the nail to the wood Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners: Nails Finish Nail Slender shaft and narrow head, used for building props or furniture in which the nail head needs to be hidden Wire Nail and Brad Small finish or box nails with slender shafts, used in property construction or for attaching delicate decorative moldings to larger scenic elements Double-Headed Nail Used for scaffolding or any temporary structure that needs to be dismantled quickly Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners: Nails Screw Nail Threaded shank that rotates as it is driven into the wood for more holding power Clout Nail Used to be used in flat construction but has since been replaced by power-driven screws and pneumatic devices Tack Used for attaching fabric and for decorative purposes Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners: Nails Corrugated Fastener Used to hold lightweight frames together Staple Come in a variety of types, used to fasten things together Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners: Screws Flat-Head Wood Screw Used for attaching hardware and joining various wooden elements together Round-Head Wood Screw Used in those situations in which you do not want to have the top of the screw flush with the surface of the work Drywall Screw Used to attach gypsum board or drywall to wooden wall and ceiling studs Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners: Screws Sheet-Metal Screw Used for joining sheets of metal Lag Screw Very large wood screws used where the lack of access to both sides of the work prevents the use of bolts Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners: Bolts Carriage Bolt Used to join either wood to wood or wood to metal Machine Bolt Designed to join metal to metal Stove Bolt Used for attaching stage hardware, hinges, and similar items that require extra fastening strength Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Fasteners Washers Flat-steel disks that increase the bearing surface of the nut or bolt and prevents the nut or bolt from cutting into the surface of the work Nuts Applied to threaded ends of bolts to close and tighten the fastener Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Glues and Adhesives: Glues Animal Glue One of the prime ingredients of scenic glue, used to glue muslin or canvas to flats or to construct furniture Flexible Glue Animal glue with glycerine, used for projects requiring flexibility Wheat Paste Used for hanging wallpaper, papier-mâché, and for attaching dutchman Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Glues and Adhesives: Adhesives White Glue Elmer’s Glue, used extensively in scenic construction Carpenter’s Glue Used in woodworking, dries almost clear, is stronger and dries more quickly than white glue Latex Cement Used in laying carpet Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Glues and Adhesives: Adhesives Contact Cement Used for bonding nonporous surfaces together Polyvinyl Glue Resembles white glue and can be used for furniture construction and repair and as a binder for scene paint Cyanoacrylate Cement Super Glue, powerful adhesives used in property construction Epoxy Resin Adhesive Used in the shop in situations where its strength can be an advantage, furniture construction and property work Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Construction Hardware Eye Bolt Used for attaching lines or ropes to an object Screw Eye Similar to eye bolts but used when the extra strength or the bolt fastener is not necessary Screw Hook Have a hook instead of an eye so that items hung from the hook can be quickly removed Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Construction Hardware U Bolt Used to secure or fasten pipe, tube, or rod to flat surfaces Cable Clamp Used to hand scenery and battens Nicopress Tool Provides a permanent, nonremovable friction clamp for wire rope or cable Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Construction Hardware Thimble Used to protect wire, rope, or cable from sharp bends or kinks Turnbuckle Used to lengthen or shorten a line system Snaps Used to provide a quick means of attaching a line to its associated load Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Construction Hardware: Hinges Strap Hinge Used to hinge stage doors Butt Hinge Used to hang stage doors T-Strap Hinge Used for hanging doors, gates, and box lids Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Construction Hardware: Hinges Loose-Pin Back-Flap Hinge Used for joining scenery, the pin can be removed in order to break the unit apart Tight-Pin Back-Flap Hinge Used for joining scenery permanently Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Lashing Lash-Line Eye Used to attach the lash line to the flat Lash-Line Cleat Used to hold the rope in place so that the flats can be lashed together Lash-Line Hook Used to hold the rope in place so that the flats can be lashed together; can also be used in place of a tie-off cleat Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Lashing Tie-Off Cleat Used in pairs to tie off the line after the flats have been lashed together Stop Cleat Attached to the back of flats to prevent the flats from slipping past each other when they are being lashed together in an outside corner configuration Stop Block Small piece of scrap wood used to prevent flats from slipping past each other when they are being lashed together in an inside corner configuration Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Flying Hardware Hanger Iron Used in conjunction with a bottom hanger iron for flying heavy scenery Bottom Hanger Iron Used in conjunction with a hanger iron for flying heavy scenery Ceiling Plate Bolted to primary structural members of the ceiling to provide a means of attaching the flying lines to the ceiling Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Bracing Stage Brace Adjustable pole attached to the brace cleat and secured to the stage floor Brace Cleat Attached to the stile of the flat, provides the point of attachment between scenery and the stage floor Rigid Foot Iron The long leg is attached to the bottom of the scenery and the short leg is secured to the stage floor Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Bracing Hinged Foot Iron Similar to the rigid foot iron, its horizontal foot is hinged to fold out of the way when the scenic unit is shifted or flown Stage Screw Used to anchor a foot iron or stage brace to the stage floor Improved Stage Screw Doesn’t tear up the stage floor as much as the regular stage screw Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Bracing S Hook Latch keeper, used to hold stiffening battens on the back of wall units made of two or more flats Floor Plate Used when the stage floor is not wood or you are not allowed to put holes in it Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Misc Corner Plate Used to reinforce the corners of doors, windows, door or window casings, and picture frames Tee Plate Used as a substitute for keystones Picture Hook and Eye Used in sets of two or more for rapid hanging and removal of decorative draperies Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage: Misc Casket Lock Heavy-duty, hidden lock used to hold platforms together Casters Wheeled attachments used to easily move scenery Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Hardware: Stage Hardware Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Rope, Cable, and Wire Manila Rope Primary type of rope used for raising and suspending loads in theatre Sisal Rope Much stiffer than manila and easily deteriorates when used in sharp angle bending Clothesline Used for operating line on travelers as well as for lashing flats together Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Rope, Cable, and Wire Nylon Rope Stretch too much and are too expensive for use in theatre Monofilament Line Fishing line, used whenever lines need to be invisible Aircraft Cable Flexible and strong, used for flying heavy stage scenery Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.

Chapter 8: Tools and Materials Rope, Cable, and Wire: Wire Stovepipe Wire Used for tying or wiring things together, not to be used for flying scenery Piano Wire Used to fly scenery Theatrical Design and Production © 2006 Mc. Graw-Hill. All right reserved.