Green Paving Technologies Adam J T Hand Ph

Green Paving Technologies Adam J. T. Hand, Ph. D, PE Granite Construction Inc. Nevada Transportation Conference March 22, 2011 Reno, NV 1

Definition of GPT v Use of Technologies for Pavement Construction, Rehabilitation & Maintenance that Conserve Natural Resources, and Reduce Energy Consumption and Emissions…while Optimizing Cost Where is “Sustainable” 2

Why Green Paving Technologies? v Industry/Infrastructure Challenges v Societal Change: v US & Global Economies, Social Responsibility, Environment Stewardship, Global Warming, Energy Consumption and Emissions, Sustainability, … v Conservation of Resources: v Materials (Aggregates, Asphalt, Cement, HMA, PCC) v Energy (Refinery, Plants, Construction, Trucking, …. ) v Landfills 3

Industry Challenges v Infrastructure Condition v Economy / Funding v Asphalt and PC Supply / Cost v Slow Pace of Innovation and Implementation of New Technologies v Societal Changes Forcing Industry Change

Infrastructure Condition* v ≈ 35% of US Roads Poor or Mediocre Condition v ≈ 45% of Urban Highways Congested v Americans Spend 4. 2 B hrs/yr Stuck in Traffic ≈ $78 B/yr v. California Worst State: LA #1, SF #2 v Vehicle Operating and Repair Costs Due to Poor Condition ≈ $67 B/yr v Need to Spend ≈ $185 B/yr v Current Spending ≈ $70 B/yr v System Backbone of US Economy *ASCE 2009 Report Card for Americas Infrastructure: Roads

Economy / Funding v Gas Taxes Not Raised Since 1993 v Reduced Purchasing -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 -100 1996 -90 1995 v -30 1994 v ↓Vehicle Miles Traveled Improved Fuel Mileage Hybrids, Electric, … -20 1993 v -10 Percent Reduction in Purchasing Power v. Inflation v. Raising Construction / Materials Costs v. Reduced Gas Consumption 0

Changing Market Conditions v Ailing Infrastructure v Price Escalation for C, R, & M v Binder (Asphalt and Cement) Supply Shortages v Environmental / Energy / Emissions Concerns v Funding Limitations v SO …, A Renewed Interest in Recycling which is Green! 7

Recycling Benefits (In-place or Other) v Conservation v Materials (aggregate, asphalt and cement binders) v Energy (raw materials, finished materials, trucking, etc. ) v Preservation of Environment v Landfill v Greenhouse Gases (global warming) v Sustainability v Economics v Reduce first and life cycle cost v Life cycle assessment based selection coming v Owner ultimately benefits from cost savings 8

Green C, R & M Alternatives v Processes v In-place PCC Recycling v Cold In-place Recycling HMA v Hot Central Plant Recycling HMA v Materials v Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) v Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) v Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt (CRM) v Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) v Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) v Porous HMA and PCC * v Two Lift PCC * v Existing HMA, PCC, and Aggregate Base as Base 9

In-Place PCC Recycling v Pro v Con v Excellent Base Course v Geometric Constraints v Overlay with HMA v Drainage Structures v WMA, RAP, RAS v Less Energy Rubbilization v Minimize Material Hauls Crack and Seat 10

Cold In-Place Recycling (CIPR) v Pros v Stretch Dollars Further v Less Energy Required v Material Hauling Minimized v Most Pavement Distress Treated v Significant Structural Improvements v Ride Quality Improved v Cons v Low to Mod Traffic v Requires Wearing Surface Full Depth Reclamation CIPR HMA Depth of Cut Agg Base Depth of Cut v Rural/Larger Projects (Train) v Geometry/Profile Subgrade 11

Hot In-Place Recycling (HIPR) v Pros v Stretch Dollars Further v Less Energy Required v Material Hauling Minimized v Near Surface Pavement Distress Treated v Ride Quality Improved v Pavement Geometrics Preserved Recycling Train Infrared Heater Scarified Surface Finished Surface v Cons v Low to Mod Traffic v Minor Structural Improvement v Rural/Larger Projects (Train) 12

Hot Central Plant Recycling v Pros v Cost Savings v Materials Savings v Energy Savings v Cons v Production Rate v Additional v Feeder Bins v Separate Silos 13

Recycle Materials v All Benefits Listed v Examples: v HMA: AC 5% ($30/ton) + Agg 95% ($20/ton) v PCC: Cement ($40/yd) + Agg ($20/yd) 14

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) v Source: Millings, Plant Waste, R&R (chunks) v Processing: Direct to Crushing, Screening, and Stockpiling 15

Allowable %RAP (State DOTs) Recent Changes 1 2006 v 43% DOTs≤ 15%RAP Surface v 75% DOTs ≤ 10%RAP Surface 2009 v 46% DOTs≤ 25%RAP Surface v 88% DOTs≥ 25%RAP Intermediate, Base 1 HMA 16 2010 Technology March

Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS) v Source: Tear-Offs, Manufacture Waste v Processing: Shredding, Screening, and Stockpiling v 1% RAS ≈ 6% RAP v 20 -30% AC vs. 5% AC 17

Crumb Rubber Modified (CRM) Asphalt v Source: Recycled Tires & Manufacture Waste v Ground and Blended with Asphalt v Crack Resistant and Quite v 1500 -2000 Tires/Lane Mile 18

Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) v Source: Pavement & Structures Demolition, Plant Waste/Clean. Outs v Crush, Screen, Stockpile v Excellent Base w/ or w/o Other Materials v PCC Aggregates 19

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) v. WMA Like HMA, but Cooler v. Typically 250 -275°F v. Many WMA Technologies v Foam, Chemical, … v. Similar Stiffness at Reduced Temperature v. Produced/Placed with Conventional Plants/Equipment v. Many Benefits 20

WMA Benefits – Rapid Imp v Environmental v Worker Benefits v Reduced Fuel v Reduced Temp/Steam Consumption v Reduced Plant Emissions v RAP Friendly v Reduced Odor v Cost Benefits v Paving Benefits v Compactability v Longer Hauls v Reduced Fuel Costs v Cool Weather Paving v ↑ RAP ↓Cost v Crack Sealer Swelling WMA HMA 21

Putting Technologies Together v RAP/RAS v RAP/WMA v RAP/RAS/WMA v CRM/RAP/RAS/WMA v Production/Equip. Capabilities in Place Up to 50% RAP Capable Multiple RAP/RAS Bins Paved Yard Dust / Moisture Control

Pace of Change/Acceptance v Why Aren’t Green Technologies More Rapidly Implemented? v v v High RAP HMA – Only 27 States with Recent Increases WMA – Only 20 States Shingles – Only 14 States CRM – Only 4 States CIPR – Only 17 States HIPR – Only 10 States v Over 30 Years Experience with Some v Accelerate Evaluation Process / Time v Lab and Test Tracks, Field v Optimize Environmental and Cost Benefits with Risk

RAP is Green! Annual Consumption/ Production Estimated Annual Savings 15% RAP 25% RAP 50% RAP Asphalt Binder, tons 23 M 2. 6 M 4. 3 M 8. 6 M Aggregate, tons 407 M 59 M 98 M 196 M 1. 0 B 1. 7 B 3. 4 B ($2. 40/ton) ($4. 00/ton) ($8. 00/ton) 12 19 37 HMA Price, $ Energy, 1012 Btu 34 B 234

Recycled Materials in HMA % Savings Material / Process Conventional HMA Recycled Material Asphalt Content, Binder % Content, % Price Energy CO 2 eq AC Agg 0 0 - - - 15 4 5. 7 6. 1 4. 7 11. 5 15. 2 25 4 9. 5 10. 1 8. 0 19. 2 25. 3 Post Industrial Shingles 5 18 6. 6 7. 6 4. 5 17. 3 4. 3 Post Consumer Shingles 5 32 12. 0 13. 2 7. 4 30. 8 3. 6 WMA 0 0 0. 8 4. 3 1. 5 0. 0 RAP

Local Green Pavement Examples Bravo Ave. Chism St. Mc. Carran Blvd. Taylor St.

Mc. Carran Blvd CIPR - 2002 v Plumb Ln to Lakeside Dr v Milled (RAP) and CIPR w/ new HMA Surface 27

Chism St WMA/RAP 2009 v 600 ton Test Section on Co. R Project w/ UNR Research Project v 2” M&F with WMA and 15% RAP v People v Media v NAPA HMAT 28

Taylor St Reconstruction 2010 v In-Place Recycle Existing HMA+Base v WMA w/ 15% RAP Surface Course 29

Bravo Ave Reconstruction 2010 v In-Place Recycle Existing HMA+Base v WMA w/ 15% RAP Surface Course (7 k tons) 30

We Should ALL Be Committed to… v Recognizing Infrastructure Condition / Forecast v Maximizing Effectiveness of Declining Budget v Using Technology / Innovation to Help v Supporting Rapid Implementation of New Technology-materials and processes v Adapting to Changing and Improving Society v Change is Commonly Resisted and Engineers are Conservative…This is OUR Real Challenge!

Join and/or Use Greenroads v Greenroads Foundation is non-profit steward of Greenroads v Rating system, manual, infrastructure, trained staff and BOD v Roadway design and construction sustainability rating system v Now accepting projects, members, sponsors and volunteers v Projects can apply at: www. greenroads. us 32

Connect online: www. greenroads. us 33

Closing v Thank You! v Questions? 34