Which Hand CleanerSanitizer is the Most Effective on

Which Hand Cleaner/Sanitizer is the Most Effective on Eliminating Germs? First Name, Last Name Homeroom _____ Grade ____

Title Slide Guidelines to follow for Title Page (Slide #1) DUE ____ □ States the research question clearly and concisely. □ Shows the student’s name, homeroom and grade level labeled clearly

Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to determine which type of hand cleaner/sanitizer is the most effective on eliminating germs on hands. This is important because of the many germs and viruses plaguing peoples' health. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), it is recommended to wash your hands many times a day to guard against sickness. Therefore, it would be very useful to know the most effective hand cleaner/sanitizer against germs.

Purpose Slide Guidelines to follow for Purpose (Slide #2) DUE ______ □ States precisely what the investigation was attempting to discover. □ States a definite question or problem. □ Answer how your experiment will influence the world. What value will it have outside the classroom? □ Explain why you wanted to research this question or problem. □ State what you hope to learn from this project. □ Written in one complete paragraph.

Hypothesis The experimenter believes that the alcohol based hand sanitizer will be the most effective against germs. In support of this, the CDC (Center for Disease Control) claims that alcohol kills germs. The hand sanitizer without alcohol will be the second most effective against germs because it contains a germ-killing agent. Coming in third would be the anti-bacterial soap, because it has anti-bacterial properties that kill some types of bacteria in germs. Some of this bacteria is found in viruses. Lastly, the regular hand soap will be the least effective against germs, since it does not contain any germ fighting ingredients. The results of this experiment will educate people to make healthier choices in battling germs, a worldwide problem.

Hypothesis Slide Guidelines to follow for Hypothesis (Slide #3) DUE _______ □ A hypothesis statement is present-what do you think is going to happen in your experiment? □ Explain why you made that particular hypothesis statement. Answer how you arrived at that possible conclusion? □ Written in one complete paragraph.

Variables Independent/Manipulated Variable: Type of hand sanitizer Dependent/Responding Variable: Percent of germ elimination Control Variables: amount of each hand sanitizer, testing location, equipment used, time of day experiment was performed, UV light, water source, camera, stopwatch, etc. Control Group: Regular Hand Soap Experimental Groups: hand sanitizer with alcohol, hand sanitizer without alcohol, anti-bacterial hand soap and foaming anti-bacterial hand soap

Variables Slide Guidelines for Variables (Slide #4) DUE _______ • □ Each different type of variable is clearly labeled • □ One variable being changed (independent/manipulated); correctly identified • □ One variable being measured (dependent/responding); correctly identified • □ One of the independent variables used as the control group; correctly identified • □ There are multiple items under controls/constants; correctly identified • □ The rest of the independent variables listed as the experimental groups; correctly identified

Terms to Know for Variables • Independent variable / manipulating variable: the experimenter changes a factor to observe what will happen. The factor that is changed is the independent / manipulating variable. • Dependent variable / responding variable: The factors that were changed may cause something else to happen. The “something else to happen” is the dependent / responding variable. This is what the experimenter measures (be sure to measure in metric units). • Constants: the factors that stay the same throughout the entire experiment. The experimenter wants to keep everything the same except for the independent variable being tested. • Control Group/Comparison Group: a study group that is used as comparison. Think of the standard situation. A sample that is treated like the other experimental groups except the independent variable is not applied to it. • Experimental Groups: Those that have something done to them. The “something” is the independent / manipulating variable.

Materials ● 20 ml Glo-Germ Gel: Lotion-based artificial germs (1 ml used per trial). ● Ultra-Violet (UV) Light: To illuminate artificial germs. ● Five different types of hand sanitizer/hand soap: hand sanitizer with alcohol, hand sanitizer without alcohol, regular hand soap, anti-bacterial hand soap and foaming anti-bacterial hand soap. 8 ml of each hand sanitizer/hand soap (2 ml used per trial). Materials that are being tested for effectiveness. ● Oral Syringe: Used to measure amount of Glo-Germ Gel, hand sanitizers, and hand soaps. ● Warm running water: To assist in hand soap testing.

Materials Continued ● Paper towels: Used to dry hands. ● Watch with a second hand: Used to uniformly time each trial. ● Notebook: Used to record data. ● Camera: Used to photograph before and after pictures of results. ● 1 pair of human hands: Used as test basis.

Material Slide Guidelines to follow for Materials (Slide #5 or more) DUE ____ □ Apparatus (equipment used) and materials are listed □ Drawings and photographs are present if they enhance and clarify the apparatus □ List the material used and one sentence explaining how it is being used in the experiment. □ You may use bullet points where one bullet relates to one piece of equipment used. □ Be sure to include how much of something is being used for each trial and how much for the whole experiment (You must have at least four trials). □ Always use metric units: i. e. grams, liters or milliliters, centimeters or millimeters, and °C.

Procedure 1. Measure 1 m. L of Glo-Germ Gel with oral syringe and rub onto hands. 2. Examine hands under ultra-violet (UV) light in a darkened room. 3. Take a picture of hands with a camera. 4. Measure 2 m. L of hand sanitizer with alcohol with oral syringe and rub onto hands thoroughly. 5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 and record data in notebook. 6. Repeat steps 1 -5; substituting hand sanitizer without alcohol in step 4.

Procedure Continued 7. Measure 1 ml of Glo-Germ Gel with the oral syringe and rub onto hands. 8. Examine hands under ultra-violet (UV) light in a darkened room. 9. Take a picture of hands with a camera. 10. Measure 2 ml of regular hand soap with the oral syringe and rub onto hands thoroughly for 20 seconds, tracking time with a watch. 11. Rinse hands with warm running water and dry with paper towel. 12. Repeat steps 8 and 9 and record data in notebook. 13. Repeat steps 7 -12; substituting each of the remaining hand soaps, regular anti-bacterial and foaming anti-bacterial in step 10.

Procedure Slide Guidelines to follow for the Procedure (Slide #6 or more) DUE ____ □ Step-by-step, chronological procedures are present. □ Number of test groups is adequate, and the number of trials within each test group is adequate. Be sure to state “Repeat steps ___ through ____ three more times. ” □ The control of variables is evident. (Make sure you are testing only one variable!) □ The procedure should be presented in step-by-step form. Do not leave any step out, even “gathering materials. ”

Trial 1 Data Table Type of Hand Sanitizer/Soap Percent (%) of Germ Elimination Hand Sanitizer with Alcohol (SA) 15% Hand Sanitizer without Alcohol (Sno. A) 5% Regular Hand Soap (RS) 40% Anti-Bacterial Hand Soap (ABS) 60% Anti-Bacterial Foaming Hand Soap (ABF) 80%

Trial 2 Data Table Type of Hand Sanitizer/Soap Percent (%) of Germ Elimination Hand Sanitizer with Alcohol (SA) 25% Hand Sanitizer without Alcohol (SA) 10% Regular Hand Soap (RS) 50% Anti-Bacterial Hand Soap (ABS) 70% Anti-Bacterial Foaming Hand Soap (ABF) 80%

Trial 3 Data Table Type of Hand Sanitizer/Soap Percent (%) of Germ Elimination Hand Sanitizer with Alcohol (SA) 20% Hand Sanitizer without Alcohol (Sno. A) 5% Regular Hand Soap (RS) 55% Anti-Bacterial Hand Soap (ABS) 70% Anti-Bacterial Foaming Hand Soap (ABF) 75%

Trial 4 Data Table Type of Hand Sanitizer/Soap Percent (%) of Germ Elimination Hand Sanitizer with Alcohol (SA) 15% Hand Sanitizer without Alcohol (Sno. A) 5% Regular Hand Soap (RS) 60% Anti-Bacterial Hand Soap (ABS) 60% Anti-Bacterial Foaming Hand Soap (ABF) 85%

Data Tables Slides Guidelines to follow for the Data Tables (Slide #7 through #10) DUE _____ □ Data is organized into tables/charts. □ Data is quantitative and correct units of measurement (metric) are used and labeled in the table. □ Data is clear and accurate. □ Each trial has its own data table □ There are headings for the columns and rows of the data tables □ 4 trials are required

Data Graph

Graph Slide Guidelines to follow for Graph of Data (Slide #11) DUE ______ □ Graph has an appropriate title, labels for each axis with units when necessary, appropriate scales and a key. □ All students must have at least one graph explaining the results of their experiment. They may choose to do one graph with all of the trials present or a graph of each individual trial. □ Students may use bar, line or pie graphs to represent their data. Students will decide which one is appropriate to show their data. □ 1 paragraph explaining what your data is showing you. Explain your data. What trends or patterns did you notice in your data? Is there any data that is out of place? Why is this so? Why did you get the results that you did?

Graph Analysis The graph shows that foaming anti-bacterial hand soap had the highest percentage of germ elimination with an average of eighty percent after four trials. The foaming anti-bacterial hand soap had the highest percentage of germ elimination since it contains 0. 6% of triclosan; as opposed to 0. 15% of triclosan in the regular anti-bacterial hand soap. Regular anti-bacterial hand soap had the second highest percentage of germ elimination with an average of sixty-five percent after four trials. Regular hand soap came in next with an average of fifty-one percent germ elimination after four trials.

Graph Analysis Continued Hand sanitizers had the least percentage of germ elimination with average percentages of eighteen percent for sanitizer with alcohol and six percent for sanitizer without alcohol after four trials. Since hand sanitizers are not washed off and stay on the hands, they eliminate less germs. The data was not out of place and the consistent trends in all four trials showed that the soaps used with warm running water, overpowered the hand sanitizers that dried on the hands to eliminategerms.

Graph Analysis Slide Guidelines to follow for Analysis of Graph (Slide #12) DUE ______ □ 1 paragraph explaining what your data is showing you. Explain your data. Think about. . -What trends or patterns did you notice in your data? -Is there any data that is out of place? Why is this so? -Why did you get the results that you did?

Conclusion My hypothesis was incorrect since alcohol based and non-alcohol based hand sanitizers demonstrated the least percentage of germ elimination. The experimenter believes these percentages are low due to the fact that triclosan found in the anti-bacterial hand soaps has better germ eliminating agents than ethyl alcohol and benzalkonium found in the respective hand sanitizers. Regular hand soap had only reasonable effectiveness at eliminating germs since it did not contain triclosan or any other germ killing agent. While the research supports the data in that alcohol eliminates germs it was not the most effective germ eliminator. Additional research supported the data in that the most effective way to eliminate germs is soap and water and proper hand washing. Regular or foaming anti-bacterial soap used with water rinses the hands free of germs, whereas hand sanitizers dry and remain on the hands only eliminating some germs.

Conclusion Continued There were no problems/changes encountered in this experiment. However, if the experimenter were to perform this experiment again, she would include the testing of additional types of hand soaps (i. e. glycerin, transparent , bar soap , etc. ) and additional human hands for a wider range of data. Some experimental error may have occurred in the determination of the percentage of germ elimination left on the hands since it was the experimenter 's best estimation as seen by the naked eye as to what percentage of the hand was left germ free.

Conclusion Continued Therefore, in conclusion, the experimenter would recommend like the Center for Disease Control (CDC) that washing hands properly and many times a day with soap (especially foaming antibacterial) and water is the best way to eliminate germs. In addition, the experimenter would like to recommend to Mt. Greenwood School to consider adopting the program of the School Network for Absenteeism Prevention (SNAP). This helpful program describes the correct way of washing hands to guard against germs and reduce absenteeism from school due to sickness. More information can be found at www. itsasnap. org.

Conclusion Slide Guidelines to follow for this section: Conclusions (Slide #13 or more) DUE _______ Some questions to answer in your conclusion statement. 1) Was the hypothesis statement correct? Why or why not? 2) Explain your data. What trends or patterns did you notice in your data? Is there any data that is out of place? Why is this so? Why did you get the results that you did? 3) How did your research support or disprove your data? What did you learn from your research that helps you answer how and why you got the results that you did? If there was nothing that helped, then what should you research to help with explaining the data? 4) What problems/changes did you encounter in your experiment? How did these problems affect your results? How did you correct these problems? 5) If you were to perform this experiment again, what would you change to make it better and why?

Overall Presentation Overall Slide Presentation Guidelines: DUE ____ -Be as creative as you want in the design of the slides and the way the information is presented. Add color, add pictures, add creative ways for the information to appear and disappear. MAKE SURE the font on the slide is readable and large enough for the whole room to read. -When you save your slide presentation, be sure to include your name and project title in the name of the document so it will be easy for Mr. Spencer and Mrs. Weber to separate the presentations into the individual classes. Student must “share” the document with mrs. weber 201@gmail. com or caspencer@cps. edu in google drive.