Water Cycle 5 steps Evaporation Water returns to

Water Cycle • 5 steps

Evaporation • Water returns to the atmosphere from lakes, rivers, etc in the form of vapor.

Transpiration • Water returning to the atmosphere in the form of vapor from plants

Condensation • Water vapor becomes liquid in the form of clouds

Precipitation • Liquid water from clouds falls back to Earth as rain, sleet, hail, and snow.

Run Off • Water from precipitation flows back into lakes and rivers.

Carbon Cycle • Carbon cycles from the atmosphere to organisms and back

Carbon Short Term Cycle • Plants convert CO₂ in the air into carbohydrates during photosynthesis. • Consumers eat producers • Consumers obtain carbon from the carbohydrates. • Consumers release carbon as CO₂ into the atmosphere.

Carbon Long Term Cycle • Carbon is converted into carbonates (bones, shells) • Some carbohydrates are converted to fats, oils • Carbon is released into atmosphere through the death of carbon-containing organisms • Deposits of dead organisms fossil fuels

Carbon cycle • http: //www. windows 2 universe. org/earth/cli mate/carbon_cycle. html • http: //www. kscience. co. uk/animations/carb on_cycle. swf • Brain Pop Carbon Cycle: https: //www. brainpop. com/science/earthsyst em/carboncycle/

Photosynthesis • Plants use carbon in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make glucose.

Consumption • Consumers get carbon from glucose by eating plants for energy.

Cell Respiration • Carbon is returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide when consumers breath out.

Fossil Fuels • Carbon from dead organisms decays into petroleum in the ground (fossil fuels)

Burning Fossil Fuels • We burn fossil fuels (gas, oil, coal) and release the trapped carbon as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Nitrogen Cycle • Some organisms use nitrogen to make proteins. • Almost 80% of air is made of nitrogen, but it is in a form we cannot use (N 2).

Nitrogen Cycle • Humans affect the nitrogen cycle by burning fossil fuels. • This releases nitric oxide into the atmosphere, which combines with oxygen and water vapor to form nitric acid. • Nitric acid can dissolve in rain and snow, leading to acid rain.

Nitrogen Fixation • Lightning and some bacteria that live in soil and roots can turn nitrogen from the air into a form plants can absorb.

Consumption • Consumers get nitrogen by eating

Ammonification • Ammonification is when consumers release waste, returning nitrogen to the soil in the form of ammonia. N N

Denitrification • Some bacteria break down ammonia and return nitrogen to the atmosphere.

Nitrogen Cycle • Nitrogen Cycle Brain Pop: https: //www. brainpop. com/science/earthsyst em/nitrogencycle/

Phosphorus Cycle • Phosphorus forms bones, teeth • Plants get phosphorus from soil and water • Animals get phosphorus from eating plants and other animals that have eaten plants • This is a slow cycle and doesn’t include the atmosphere (air) • Phosphorus rarely occurs as a gas • How does phosphorus enter soil and water?

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE

Fertilizers • Fertilizers contain nitrogen and phosphorus • Enters ecosystem as runoff • This causes the Rapid growth of algae, called algal blooms • Algal blooms and bacteria rob aquatic ecosystems of oxygen. (This is BAD)

Cycles: Video Clip • http: //local. brookings. k 12. sd. us/biology/PH Videos/Chapter%2003. mpg

Greenhouse Effect • CO 2 is needed for photosynthesis and capturing warmth radiating from earth • But, too much CO 2 is released from organisms, volcanoes, and burning of fossil fuels. • Causes buildup of CO 2, which traps sunlight, and causes warming and climate changes.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT • Example of humans changing the environment by the constant adding of CO 2 to our atmosphere • Does not allow the heat from the sun to radiate back out into space. • This capturing of heat is called the greenhouse effect. • Caused by volcanic eruptions, burning of fossil fuels, other pollutants.